Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops, Morgan & Czaplewski & Simmons, 2019

Morgan, Gary S., Czaplewski, Nicholas J. & Simmons, Nancy B., 2019, A New Mormoopid Bat From The Oligocene (Whitneyan And Early Arikareean) Of Florida, And Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Major Clades Of Mormoopidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2019 (434), pp. 1-141 : 12-13

Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops ,

gen. et sp. nov.

Figures 2–13

HOLOTYPE: UF 157765, right dentary with p4–m3 and alveoli for i1–p3, from Brooksville 2 LF, early Arikareean, Hernando County, Florida.

PARATYPES: All specimens are from the Brooksville 2 LF. SCSM 2004.35.1, partial right dentary with m1–m3 and complete ascending ramus; UF 209954, right dentary fragment with p3 and alveoli for i1–p1; UF 182782, leπ P4; UF 179949, complete leπ humerus; UF 179922, leπ proximal radius; UF 179948, leπ proximal femur; UF 179947, right distal femur.

REFERRED SPECIMENS: Brooksville 2 Local Fauna: UF 179985, partial right dentary with p4– m2; UF 179951, partial right dentary with p4, m2 and alveoli for c–p3, m1; UF 157767, partial leπ dentary with m1–m2; SCSM 2004.35.2, leπ dentary fragment with m1–m2; UF 157766, partial right dentary with m2–m3, including most of the ascending ramus except for the tip of the coronoid process; SCSM 2004.35.3, partial leπ dentary with m3 and complete ascending ramus; SCSM 2004.35.4, partial right dentary with p3; UF 179957, edentulous leπ dentary with partial ascending ramus; UF 179990, UF 182816, right m1 (2); UF 182815, leπ m1; UF 182810, right m2; UF 179901, right petrosal; UF 179937, right proximal humerus; SCSM 2004.35.5, leπ proximal humerus; UF 179907, 179908, 179938; right distal humerus (3); UF 179905, 179906, leπ distal humerus (2); UF 179917–179919, 1179941, right proximal radius (4); UF 179916, 179920, 179921, 179923–179925, 179943, 179970, 179973, 209955, left proximal radius (10); SCSM 2004.35.6, leπ proximal femur.

I-75 Local Fauna: UF 121718, partial leπ dentary with p4, trigonid of m1, and alveolus for p3; UF 121719, partial leπ dentary with p4 and alveoli for i2–p3; UF 121720, partial right dentary with m1 and alveoli for p3–p4; UF 121733, edentulous partial leπ dentary with alveoli for m2– m3 and anterior edge of ascending ramus; UF 121721, leπ proximal femur; UF 121722, right proximal femur.

TYPE LOCALITY: Brooksville 2 Local Fauna, Hernando County, Florida, late early Arikareean (Ar2), late Oligocene.

ETYMOLOGY: The generic epithet derives from Koopman, in honor of the late Karl F. Koopman, formerly of the American Museum of Natural History, in recognition of his monumental contributions to our knowledge of the systematics, evolution, and biogeography of the Chiroptera , and nycteris, Greek meaning “bat.” The specific epithet is composed of palaeos, Greek for “ancient” or “old,” mormo, Greek for a kind of nighttime monster or ghost, and ops, Greek for “face.”The species name “ palaeomormoops ” or “ancient ghost face” alludes to this species being the oldest known member of the ghost-faced bat family Mormoopidae , and also indicates its phylogenetic relationship with the extant genus Mormoops .

DIAGNOSIS: Lower p3 large, double rooted, outline in occlusal view diamond shaped, with anterior portion of tooth rounded and posterior portion pointed. Lower p4 squarish to slightly rectangular in occlusal view, somewhat narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, with well-developed cingulum on anterior, labial, and posterior margins, but with cingular development weak to absent on the lingual margin. Lower m1 and m2 nyctalodont. Paraconid on m1 highly reduced, positioned labially about halfway between protoconid and metaconid. Metaconid on m1 and m2 taller than entoconid. Dentary with ascending ramus strongly upturned dorsally compared to horizontal ramus; angular process and articular condyle both located well dorsal to alveolar margin of toothrow; coronoid process with its anterior edge essentially vertical; articular condyle located well dorsal to tip of coronoid process; small secondary process present on ascending ramus immediately ventral to angular process. Upper P4 with large, rounded anterior basin, broad talon basin, and tall, sharp central cusp (protocone). Proximal humerus with head elliptical in shape, transversely flattened and directed proximally, and angled toward lesser trochanter. Distal humerus with articular surface moderately offset laterally from humeral shaπ; capitulum not differentiated into medial and lateral ridges; well-developed spinous process separated from medial edge of trochlea by deep notch; epitrochlea a well-developed rounded process with small concavity at proximomedial corner. Proximal end of radius gently rounded, not triangular. Proximal articular surface of radius with two articular facets. Femur with greater trochanter and lesser trochanter highly reduced; greater trochanter larger than lesser trochanter and triangular in shape. Distinct tubercle or short ridge present on posterodistal femoral shaft just proximal to distal articular surface. Femur comparatively long, more than three times longer than alveolar length of toothrow.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops, new genus and species, from the late Oligocene (early Arikareean) Brooksville 2 Local Fauna, Hernando County, Florida. Holotype (UF 157765) right dentary with p4– m3 in A, occlusal, B, lingual, and C, labial views.

FIGURE 3. Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops, anterior portion of right dentary with p3 and alveoli for incisors, canine, and single-rooted p1 (UF 209954, paratype) in A, labial and B, occlusal views.

FIGURE 4. Outline restoration of the lower jaw of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops based on several UF and SCSM specimens. A, labial view; B, occlusal view; C, lingual view. Abbreviations: ap, angular process; sap, secondary angular process. manycteris has a deep, rounded, pitlike mental edge of the dentary in Speonycteris is essentially foramen located between the canine and p1 alve- straight below the entire toothrow. Compared to oli, about halfway between the alveolar toothrow Koopmanycteris, the mandibular symphysis in and the ventral edge of the horizontal ramus. Mormoops forms a shallower or more obstuse The degree of ventral curvature of the dentary angle with the toothrow and extends somewhat in Koopmanycteris is most similar to Pteronotus in farther posteriorly, ventral to the p1, and the poswhich the horizontal ramus also reaches its maxi- teroventral process is weak to absent. The manmum downward curvature ventral to the m2. The dibular symphysis in Pteronotus is more similar to ventral margin of the dentary is more highly that of Koopmanycteris; it forms a sharper angle curved in Mormoops, with a distinct dorsal curva- with the toothrow than in Mormoops although not ture or concavity ventral to the premolars, and as acute as in the fossils. The symphysis in Pteronothen becomes strongly convex posteriorly reaching tus extends posteriorly ventral to the p1 or p3, and its maximum curvature ventral to m3. The ventral the posteroventral process is present. The man-

FIGURE 5. Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops, camera lucida drawing of partial right dentary with intact ascending ramus and m1-m3 (SCSM.2004.35.1, paratype). At top, lingual view; middle, occlusal view; at bottom, labial view.

FIGURE 6. Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops, posterior portion of right dentary with m2–m3 (UF 157766) in A, occlusal, B, lingual, and C, labial views.

FIGURE 7. Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops leπ P4 (UF 182782, paratype) in A, anterior/mesial, B, occlusal, and C, posterior/distal views.

FIGURE 8. Right petrosal (UF 179901) from Brooksville 2 Quarry, Florida, referred to Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops. Photographs above and drawings below in A, lateral view, oriented with the lateral semicircular canal parallel to the horizon; B, ventrolateral view; C, posterior view; D, dorsal (endocranial) view. Abbreviations: ant, anterior; asc, anterior semicircular canal; brk, broken area along the prefacial commissure; cc, cochlear canaliculus (opening of cochlear aqueduct or perilymphatic duct); cp, crista parotica; cr, common crus;dors, dorsal; fc, fenestra cochleae; fi, medial wall of fossa incudis; fn, facial canal (for cranial nerve VII); fs, facial sulcus (semicanal for facial nerve); fv, fenestra vestibuli for footplate of stapes; gri, groove for internal carotid artery; grs, groove for stapedial artery; ji, jugular incisure; lat, lateral; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; med, medial; pa, base of broken anterior petrosal process; pp, posterior petrosal process; psc, posterior semicircular canal; sa, subarcuate fossa; sf, fossa for stapedius muscle; su, tubercle connected in life by soπ tissue to a small spinelike projection near the paroccipital process; tsf, spiral foraminous tract within the internal acoustic meatus; va, opening of vestibular aqueduct; vent, ventral.

FIGURE 9. Complete leπ humerus of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops (UF 179949, paratype) in A, posterior, B, medial, C, anterior, and D, lateral views.

FIGURE 10. Leπ humerus of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops (UF 179949, paratype). Proximal end in A, posterior, B, medial, C, anterior D, lateral, and E, proximal views. Distal end in F, distal, G, posterior, H, medial, I, anterior, and J, lateral views.

FIGURE 11. Leπ proximal radius of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops (UF 179922, paratype) in A, anterior, B, ventral, and C, posterior views.

FIGURE 12. Leπ proximal femur of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops (UF 179948, paratype) in A, lateral, B, posterior, and C, medial views.

FIGURE 13. Distal femur of Koopmanycteris palaeomormoops (UF 179947, paratype) in A, posterior, B, lateral, C, anterior, and D, medial views.