Curtonotum pauliani Tsacas, 1974

Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H. & Wiegmann, Brian M., 2013, <p> <strong> A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV — the continental Afrotropical species of <em> Curtonotum </ em> Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3684 (1), pp. 1-166 : 121-122

Curtonotum pauliani Tsacas, 1974

Figs 127 , 151 , 188 , 286, 289, 292 , 331 .

Curtonotum pauliani: Tsacas, 1974: 715 ; figs 7a–d (p. 716), fig. 8b (p. 718). Type locality: [ Madagascar] “Nosy Mitsio”. Curtonotum pauliani: Kirk-Spriggs (2008c: 246 , fig. 6, 251).

Curtonotum pauliani: Kirk-Spriggs (2011) ; figs 12, 25, 38, 69, 72, 75, 90, 103.

Remarks: This species was redescribed and figured by Kirk-Spriggs (2011), only figures are included here for comparative purposes: head and thorax ( Fig. 127 ); frons ( Fig. 151 ); wing ( Fig. 188 ); male terminalia ( Figs 286, 289, 292 ).

Differential diagnosis. Curtonotum pauliani belongs to a group of ten species here ascribed to the uncinatum species-group that are virtually identical externally and are only separable based on minor differences in the male phallus (see Differential diagnosis under C. uncinatum sp. n. for details). Curtonotum pauliani can be separated from other species in the species-group by reference to the above key.

Type material examined: MADAGASCAR: holotype ♂, “ Madagascar Nord-Ouest / Nosy Mitsio / 13– 14.I.[19]60 / R. Paulian // INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [pale grey card] // HOLOTYPE [red card] // CURTONOTUM / pauliani / Holotype ♂ n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1973 [printed & handwritten] // MUSÉUM PARIS // Curtonotum / pauliani ♂ / Tsacas, 1974 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006” [head missing] (MNHN). In fair condition, head, right fore leg, left fore tarsus and hind leg missing; re-staged on nu-poly mount; dissected, abdomen and terminalia in micro-vial pinned beneath specimen. Paratypes (all labelled: “ PARATYPE [red card] // CURTONOTUM / pauliani / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1973 [printed & handwritten] // Curtonotum / pauliani ♂ [or ♀] / Tsacas, 1974 / A.H. Kirk-Spriggs vidit 2006”): MADAGASCAR: 1♀, same labels as holotype, except: “ ALLOTYPE [red card] // CURTONOTUM / pauliani / n.sp. / L. TSACAS DET. 1973 [printed & handwritten]” [wing detached, glued to card]; 2♂, same labels as holotype [1 head missing]; 1♀, same labels as holotype, except: “EXEMP. / DESS. [printed; orange card]”; 1♀, same labels as holotype, except: “ouile gameha / ma tres large / Anomalié ♀ [handwritten]”; 1♂, “ Madagascar Nord-Ouest / dct. Majunga / forêt Ankarafantsitka [= Ankarafantsika] 120m / XII-[19]59 / Raharizonina // INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [pale grey card] // MUSÉUM PARIS” [head missing]; 1♂, “MUSEUM PARIS / MADAGASCAR / PROV. D’ANALALAVA / MAROMANDIA / R. DECARY 1922 [grey card] // PARATYPE [red card] // Specimen / missing from mount / 2006”; 1♂, 1♀, same labels, except: “Pr A18 / ♂ [handwritten] [head missing]” (all MNHN).

Additional material examined (both labelled “ Curtonotum pauliani Tsacas, 1974 , det. A.H. Kirk-Spriggs 2011 ”): NAMIBIA: 1♂, Namibia: OPUWA DIST., Ekuju village : Kunene R., 17°19'30"S 13°48'56"E, 11– 12.x.1999, [ A.H.] Kirk-Spriggs, [T.] Pape, [W.] Hauwanga, Malaise traps, riverine forest ( NMNW) . SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 6664, SO. AFRICA: Natal , 15 km SE Rorke’s Drift, 28°30'S, 30°30'E, 30.v.1982, R.M. Miller ( NMSA) .

Distribution. Madagascar, Namibia and South Africa ( Fig. 331 ). The only species known to occur in the continental Afrotropical Region and on the island of Madagascar.

Bionomics. In southern Africa the species occurs in the Nama Karoo and Drakensburg Afromontane Grassland and Woodland major habitat types; Deserts and Xeric Shrublands and Montane Grasslands vegetation types (Appendix III). This species has been sampled in a Malaise trap in riverine forest in Namibia. A detailed account of habitat associations in Madagascar was provided by Kirk-Spriggs (2011) .

Figures

FIGURE 331. Distribution of continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum. Topographical: C. cimbebas sp. n., C. constance sp. n., C. litoralis sp. n., C. mcgregor sp. n. and C. pauliani.

FIGURES 124–129. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 124. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 125. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, South Africa, Hartbeespoort, TAU). 126. C. litoralis sp. n. (PT, [Tanzania], Zanzibar, BMNH). 127. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ekuju, NMNW). 128. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana camp, NMNW). 129. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale.

FIGURES 142–153. Frons of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 142. C. tsacas sp. n. (PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 143. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 144. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 145. C. simile (PT, Arabia [= South Yemen], S. Othman, MNHN). 146. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 147. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). 148. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 149. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Uganda, Ankole, USNM). 150. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 151. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ejuju village, NMNW). 152. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 153. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Mile 46, NMNW) [head of C. mcgregor sp. n. missing from both HT and PT cannot be illustrated]. Not to scale.

FIGURES 182–190. Wing of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 182. C. bicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala forest, NMNW). 183. C. cimbebas sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Tsams Ost spring, NMNW). 184. C. constance sp. n. (HT, Angola, 7 mi. N Vila Perreira d’Eça, MNHN). 185. C. cuthbertsoni (N-T, Zimbabwe, Chimana Causeway, ZSM). 186. C. litoralis sp. n. (HT, Kenya, Muhaka Field Station, NMNW). 187. C. mcgregor sp. n. (HT, Nyasaland [= Malawi], Port Herald, BMNH). 188. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ekuju village, NMNW). 189. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 190. C. unicuspis sp. n. (HT, Salambala campsite, NMNW). Not to scale.

FIGURES 286–294. Male terminalia of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. 286–288. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 286. C. pauliani (N-T, Namibia, Ekuju village, NMNW). 287. C. uncinatum sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Kubunyana, NMNW). 288. C. unicuspis sp. n. (PT, Namibia, Salambala, NMNW). 289–291. Phallus (right lateral view). 289. C. pauliani (same) [ejaculatory apodeme missing]. 290. C. uncinatum (same). 291. C. unicuspis (same). 292. Junction basiphallus and distiphallus (dorsal view), C. pauliani (same). 293–294. Apical section of phallus (left lateral view). 293. C. uncinatum (same). 294. C. unicuspis (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.