Gonatocerus Nees

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, Zootaxa 1596, pp. 1-111 : 34-37

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1596.1.1
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treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-07-13 19:49:38, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-03 09:41:36)
scientific name	Gonatocerus Nees
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Treatment

Genus Gonatocerus Nees View in CoL View at ENA ( Figs. 135–146 View FIGURES 135–142 View FIGURES 143–146 )

Gonatocerus Nees, 1834: 192 . Type species: Gonatocerus longicornis Nees , by monotypy.

Lymaenon Walker, 1846: 49 . Type species: Lymaenon acuminatus Walker , by subsequent designation ( Gahan & Fagan 1923: 82). Synonymy by Förster (1856: 118).

Rachistus Förster, 1847: 203 . Type species: Ooctonus litoralis Haliday View in CoL , by subsequent designation ( Gahan & Fagan 1923: 128). Synonymy by Förster (1856: 119).

Cosmocomoidea Howard, 1908: 68 . Type species: Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard , by monotypy. Synonymy by Bouček & Graham (1972: 127); originally a subgenus of Lymaenon (Ogloblin 1959) .

Oophilus Enock, 1909: 458 . Type species: Oophilus longicauda Enock , by monotypy. Synonymy by Girault (1911 [89]: 133).

Agonatocerus Girault, 1913 [149]: 276. Type species: Agonatocerus humboldti Girault , by original designation. Synonymy by Girault (1915 [228]: 156).

Gonatoceroides Girault, 1913 [155]: 255. Type species: Gonatocerus (Gonatoceroides) australicus Girault , by original designation. Synonymy by Girault (1915 [228]: 156).

Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin, 1935: 65 . Type species: Gonatocerus membraciphagus Ogloblin by original designation. Subgenus of Gonatocerus View in CoL .

Diagnosis. Gonatocerus belongs to the Gonatocerus group of genera. It is distinguished as follows: funicle 8- segmented ( Figs. 138 View FIGURES 135–142 , 144 View FIGURES 143–146 ); face with subantennal grooves; marginal vein with hypochaeta about midway between proximal and distal macrochaetae ( Fig. 135 View FIGURES 135–142 ); pronotum longitudinally divided medially into two lobes. Fore, middle, and hind legs as in Figs. 140–142 View FIGURES 135–142 . The two Australian species groups are distinguished as follows: Pronotal lobes abutting and dorsellum rhomboidal ( Fig. 145 View FIGURES 143–146 ) (sulphuripes group); pronotal lobes clearly separated by a gap and dorsellum straplike ( Fig. 139 View FIGURES 135–142 ) ( litoralis group). Male flagellum 11-segmented ( Figs. 136 View FIGURES 135–142 , 146 View FIGURES 143–146 ) and genitalia attached directly to apical sternite, not encapsulated in phallobase ( Fig. 137 View FIGURES 135–142 ).

The only genera likely to be confused with Gonatocerus are Boudiennyia and Eustochomorpha , which also have an 8-segmented funicle in females. Eustochomorpha has a 2- or 3-segmented clava (entire in Gonatocerus ) and Boudiennyia has a long, slender petiole (similar to Polynema ) and a horizontal costula between the submedian carinae (petiole shorter and wider and propodeum without costula joining the submedian carinae in Gonatocerus ). Both these genera are extremely rare compared to Gonatocerus , whose species are abundant and often relatively large. Gonatocerus is perhaps the most frequently noticed mymarid genus in Australia because of the relatively large size of many of its species.

Body length. 666–1200 µm (sulphuripes group species); 663–2660 µm ( litoralis group species).

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Unknown for Australian species. Elsewhere reported from Cicadellidae and Membracidae .

Important references. Girault, 1912 [120]; Matthews (1986), Huber (1988), Zeya & Hayat (1995).

Australian species (76 + 7 subspecies):

G. angustiventris Girault and Dodd View in CoL , in Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; Dahms, 1983: 42 (types). TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. aureinotum ( Dodd, 1917: 351) . Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld Yungaburra.

G. australicus Girault, 1913 [155]: 255 (Gonatoceroides [as subgenus]); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 90 (types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. australensis ( Perkins, 1905: 195) (Ooctonus) ; Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (generic transfer) TL: Qld, Cairns.

G. ayrensis Girault, 1913 View in CoL [155]: 257; Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 114 (types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. baconi Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 129, 146 (key); Dahms, 1983: 115 (types). TL: Qld , Mackay, Pioneer River.

G. bellus ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 396). Dahms, 1983: 121 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld, Kingston.

G. bicolor Girault, 1913 View in CoL [147]: 216; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 129 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. boswelli Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 158; Dahms, 1983: 146 (types). TL: Qld, Cooktown.

G. brunoi Girault 1912 View in CoL [120]: 142, 146 (key); Dahms, 1983: 155 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. brunoi lyelli Girault, 1913 View in CoL [147]: 218; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 156 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. carlylei Girault, 1913 View in CoL [165]: 114; Dahms, 1983: 167 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. centaurus (Girault, 1920 [352]: 45); Girault, 1920 [353]: 97 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 170 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld, Goondi.

G. cingulatus Perkins, 1905: 196 View in CoL ; Girault, 1912 [120]: 146 (key). TL: Qld, Brisbane.

G. circumvagus Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 159; Dahms, 1983: 181 (types). TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. citriscapus (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1983: 182 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld , Mt. Coot-tha .

G. comptei Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 135, 146 (key); Girault, 1913 [155]: 256 (redescription); Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (descriptive notes, lapsus as competi); Girault, 1915 [228]: 160 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 193 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. darwini Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 130, 145 (key); Dahms, 1983: 211 (types). TL: Qld , Mackay, Pioneer River.

G. davinci Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 138, 145 (key); Dahms, 1983: 212 (types). TL: Qld , near Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. dies Girault, 1913 View in CoL [165]: 111; Girault, 1913 [173]: 50; Dahms, 1983: 222 (types). TL: Qld, Capeville.

G. dodo Girault, 1920 View in CoL [353]: 99; Dahms, 1983: 230 (types). TL: Qld, Brisbane, Victoria Park .

G. elizabethae Girault, 1925 View in CoL [387]: 2; Dahms, 1983: 242 (types). TL: Qld, The Caves.

G. ella Girault, 1931 View in CoL [435]: 4; Dahms, 1983: 243 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. fasciativentris Girault, 1913 View in CoL [147]: 217; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (note); Dahms, 1984: 586 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. flavipes (Girault and Dodd, in Girault, 1915 [228]: 154); Dahms, 1984: 608 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. flosculus Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 160; Dahms, 1984: 621 (types). TL: NSW, Tweed River , Tweed Heads.

G. fulgor Girault, 1913 View in CoL [155]: 259; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (description); Dahms, 184: 627 (types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. gigas (Girault, 1915 [228]: 154); Dahms, 1984: 649 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. goethei Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 139, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 654 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. gregi Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 160; Dahms, 1984: 662 (types). TL: NSW, Murwillunbah.

G. grotiusi (Girault, 1913 [165]: 108, 110, footnote) ( Cosmocomoidea ); Girault, 1915 [228]: 155 (generic transfer); Dahms, 1984: 666 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale] .

G. hackeri Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 673 (types). TL: Qld, Brisbane, Clayfield.

G. haeckeli Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 131, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 675 (types). TL: Qld , Port Douglas.

G. hallami Girault, 1920 View in CoL [353]: 99; Dahms, 1984: 677 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. heinei Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 683 (types). TL: Qld, no locality specified.

G. helmholtzii Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 142, 145 (key); Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1984: 684 (types). TL: Qld, near Mackay.

G. helmholtzii christi Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 685 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. humboldti (Girault, 1913 [149]: 276) ( Agonatocerus ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (description); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (description); Dahms, 1984: 700 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale] .

G. huxleyi Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 134, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 701 (types). TL: Qld, Roma.

G. huyghensi Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 143, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 701 (types). TL: Qld, near Kuranda.

G. huyghensi gratia Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 701 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. ignipes (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1984: 706 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus View in CoL . TL: Qld,

Amamoor. G. indigenus Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 717 (types). TL: Qld, no locality specified. G. indigenus faradayi Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 717 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. io Girault, 1915 [245]: 360; Girault, 1938 [452]: 393 (description); Dahms, 1984: 727 (types). TL: Qld,

Capeville. G.iona (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1984: 728 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Brookfield. G. ipswichia Girault, 1922 [361]: 104; Dahms, 1984: 727 (types). TL: Qld, Ipswich. G. ipswichia variguttus Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 729 (types). TL: Qld, Ashgrove. G. kochi Girault, 1936 [446]: 1; Dahms, 1984: 740 (types). TL: Vic., Canterbury. G. lamarcki Girault, 1912 [120]: 138, 146 (key); Dahms, 1984: 743 (types). TL: Qld, Cooktown. G. lomonosoffi Girault, 1913 [158]: 79; Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (redescription); Dahms, 1984: 762 (types).

TL: Qld, Kuranda. G. macauleyi Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1984: 779 (types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. mazzinini Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; Dahms, 1984: 803 (types); Dahms, 1986: 739 (correction to type data).

TL: Qld, mainland opposite Double Island. G. merces Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; Dahms, 1984: 808 (types). TL: Qld, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. metchnikoffi Girault, 1912 [120]: 132, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 812 (types). TL: Qld, Mulgrave River

near Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. mirissimus Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; Girault, 1938 [452]: 396 (comparison); Dahms, 1984: 826 (types).

TL: Qld, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. mirus ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 396); Dahms, 1984: 827 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld,

Kuranda. G. mosesi Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1984: 832 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. musa Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; Dahms, 1984: 840 (types). TL: Qld, Mt. Coot-tha. G. musa bayardi Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 840 (types). TL: Qld, Mt. Coot-tha. G. nassaui Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1986: 321 (types). TL: Qld, Kingston. G. nonsulcatus Girault, 1915 [228]: 157; Dahms, 1986: 352 (types). TL: Qld, Cloncurry. G. notabilis Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 353 (types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. nox Girault, 1913 [155]: 258; Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (description); Dahms, 1986: 359 (types). TL: Qld,

Ayr. G. nuntius Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 361 (types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. pachyscapha Girault, 1915 [245]: 359; Dahms, 1986: 374 (types). TL: Qld, Capeville. G. pater Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 388 (types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. perdix Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1986: 399 (types). TL: Qld, Dayboro. G. petrarchi Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 407 (types). TL: Qld, Port Douglas, Nelson [Gordonvale]. G. poincarei Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; Girault, 1938 [452]: 396 (comparison under mirus ); Dahms, 1986: 419

(types). TL: Qld, Harvey’s Creek. G. prometheus (Girault, 1915 [228]: 155); Dahms, 1986: 426 (types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld,

Babinda. G. renani (Girault, 1913 [160]: 327) ( Cosmocomoidea ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 108 (description); Girault, 1913:

[173]: 51 (male description); Girault, 1915 [228]: 155 (generic transfer); Dahms, 1986: 471 (types). TL:

Qld, Nelson [Gordonvale]. G. romae Girault, 1928 [421]: 3; Dahms, 1986: 478 (types). TL: Qld, Roma. G. romae boiardini Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; Dahms, 1986: 479 (types). TL: Qld, Gatton. G. saintpierrei Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; Girault 1913 [173]: 50 (description); Dahms, 1986: 496 (types). TL:

Qld, Kuranda. = G. langlandi ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 395) ( Ooctonus ). Unnecessary replacement name for G. saintpierrei , not

Ooctonus (now Boudiennyia ) saintpierrei .

G. shakespearei Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 158; Dahms, 1986: 527 (types). TL: NT, Port Darwin ; Qld, Cloncurry.

G. spinozai Girault, 1912 View in CoL [120]: 140, 146 (key); Girault, 1913 [147]: 217 (male description); Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (male description); Dahms, 1986: 557 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. sulcatus Girault, 1915 View in CoL [228]: 157; Dahms, 1986: 572 (types). TL: Qld, Cloncurry.

G. taringae Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 577 (types). TL: Qld, Taringa.

G. terrigena Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 393; Dahms, 1986: 584 (types). TL: Qld, Dayboro.

G. tolstoii Girault, 1913 View in CoL [158]: 78; Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (description); Dahms, 1986: 590 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. tricolor Girault, 1913 View in CoL [165]: 112; Girault, 1915 [228]: 160 (correction); Dahms, 1986: 596 (types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. yerongae Girault, 1938 View in CoL [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 659 (types). TL: Qld, Brisbane.

References

Boucek Z. & Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1972) The identity of the type-species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Journal of Entomology (B), 41, 125 - 130.

Dahms, E. C. (1983) A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: II. Preamble and Chalcidoidea species A - E with advisory notes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21, 1 - 255.

Dahms, E. C. (1984) A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: III. Chalcidoidea species F - M with advisory notes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 21, 579 - 842.

Dahms, E. C. (1986) A checklist of the types of Australian Hymenoptera described by Alexandre Arsene Girault: IV. Chalcidoidea species N - Z with advisory notes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 22, 319 - 739.

Dodd, A. P. (1917) Records, etc., of Australian Chalcidoidea. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 41, 344 - 368.

Enock, F. (1909) New genera of British Mymaridae (Haliday). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1909, 449 - 459.

Forster, A. (1847) Ueber die Familie der Mymariden. Linnaea Entomologica, 2, 195 - 233.

Forster, A. (1856) Hymenopterologische Studien. II. Heft. Chalcidiae und Proctotrupii. Aachen. 152 pp.

Gahan, A. B. & Fagan, M. M. (1923) The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid-flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Washington, 124, 1 - 173.

Girault, A. A. (1936) [446] Chalcididae, Capsidae species nova australiensis Giraulti. Privately printed, Brisbane. 2 pp.

Girault, A. A. (1938) [452] New Trichogrammatidae and Mymaridae from Australia (Hymenoptera). Revista de Entomologia (Rio de Janeiro), 9, 382 - 396.

Howard, L. O. (1908) A new genus and species of Mymaridae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 10, 68 - 70.

Huber, J. T. (1988) The species groups of Gonatocerus Nees in North America, with revision of the sulphuripes and ater groups (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 141, 1 - 109.

Matthews, M. J. (1986) The British species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), egg parasitoids of Homoptera. Systematic Entomology, 11, 213 - 229.

Ogloblin, A. A. (1935) Especies nuevas o poco conocidas del genero Gonatocerus. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 7, 65 - 78.

Perkins, R. C. L. (1905) Leaf hoppers and their natural enemies. Part VI. Mymaridae, Platygasteridae. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Experiment Station, Entomology Series Bulletin, 1, 187 - 205.

Walker, F. (1846) Descriptions of the Mymaridae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural Histiry, 18: 49 - 54.

Zeya, S. B. & Hayat, M. (1995) A revision of the Indian species of Gonatocerus Nees (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae). Oriental Insects, 29, 47 - 160.

Figures

FIGURES 135–142. Gonatocerus, litoralis group spp. Male (Tas., 3 km NE by E Wayatinah, 42.22°S 146.29°E, 23.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 135, fore- and hind wings; 136, antenna; 137, genitalia. Female (Tas., 12 km NNE. Bronte Park, 42.02°S 146.33°E, 20.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 138, antenna; 139, metanotum and propodeum; 140, fore leg; 141, middle leg; 142, hind leg.

FIGURES 143–146. Gonatocerus, sulphuripes group spp. Female (Qld, Hann River, 15.11°S 143.52°E, 20.iii– 24.iv.1994, P. Zborowski) 143, fore-and hind wings; 144, antenna; 145, metanotum and propodeum dorsolateral. Male (Qld, 13 km E. by S. Weipa, 12.40°S 143.00°E, 16.xii.93–16.i.1994, P. Zborowski & D. Khalu) 146, antenna.