Gonatocerus Nees

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, Zootaxa 1596, pp. 1-111 : 34-37

Genus Gonatocerus Nees ( Figs. 135–146 )

Gonatocerus Nees, 1834: 192 . Type species: Gonatocerus longicornis Nees , by monotypy.

Lymaenon Walker, 1846: 49 . Type species: Lymaenon acuminatus Walker , by subsequent designation ( Gahan & Fagan 1923: 82). Synonymy by Förster (1856: 118).

Rachistus Förster, 1847: 203 . Type species: Ooctonus litoralis Haliday , by subsequent designation ( Gahan & Fagan 1923: 128). Synonymy by Förster (1856: 119).

Cosmocomoidea Howard, 1908: 68 . Type species: Cosmocomoidea morrilli Howard , by monotypy. Synonymy by Bouček & Graham (1972: 127); originally a subgenus of Lymaenon (Ogloblin 1959) .

Oophilus Enock, 1909: 458 . Type species: Oophilus longicauda Enock , by monotypy. Synonymy by Girault (1911 [89]: 133).

Agonatocerus Girault, 1913 [149]: 276. Type species: Agonatocerus humboldti Girault , by original designation. Synonymy by Girault (1915 [228]: 156).

Gonatoceroides Girault, 1913 [155]: 255. Type species: Gonatocerus (Gonatoceroides) australicus Girault , by original designation. Synonymy by Girault (1915 [228]: 156).

Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin, 1935: 65 . Type species: Gonatocerus membraciphagus Ogloblin by original designation. Subgenus of Gonatocerus .

Diagnosis. Gonatocerus belongs to the Gonatocerus group of genera. It is distinguished as follows: funicle 8- segmented ( Figs. 138 , 144 ); face with subantennal grooves; marginal vein with hypochaeta about midway between proximal and distal macrochaetae ( Fig. 135 ); pronotum longitudinally divided medially into two lobes. Fore, middle, and hind legs as in Figs. 140–142 . The two Australian species groups are distinguished as follows: Pronotal lobes abutting and dorsellum rhomboidal ( Fig. 145 ) ( sulphuripes group); pronotal lobes clearly separated by a gap and dorsellum straplike ( Fig. 139 ) ( litoralis group). Male flagellum 11-segmented ( Figs. 136 , 146 ) and genitalia attached directly to apical sternite, not encapsulated in phallobase ( Fig. 137 ).

The only genera likely to be confused with Gonatocerus are Boudiennyia and Eustochomorpha , which also have an 8-segmented funicle in females. Eustochomorpha has a 2- or 3-segmented clava (entire in Gonatocerus ) and Boudiennyia has a long, slender petiole (similar to Polynema ) and a horizontal costula between the submedian carinae (petiole shorter and wider and propodeum without costula joining the submedian carinae in Gonatocerus ). Both these genera are extremely rare compared to Gonatocerus , whose species are abundant and often relatively large. Gonatocerus is perhaps the most frequently noticed mymarid genus in Australia because of the relatively large size of many of its species.

Body length. 666–1200 µm ( sulphuripes group species); 663–2660 µm ( litoralis group species).

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Unknown for Australian species. Elsewhere reported from Cicadellidae and Membracidae .

Important references. Girault, 1912 [120]; Matthews (1986), Huber (1988), Zeya & Hayat (1995).

Australian species (76 + 7 subspecies):

G. angustiventris Girault and Dodd , in Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; Dahms, 1983: 42 ( types). TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. aureinotum ( Dodd, 1917: 351) . Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld Yungaburra.

G. australicus Girault, 1913 [155]: 255 ( Gonatoceroides [as subgenus]); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 90 ( types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. australensis ( Perkins, 1905: 195) ( Ooctonus ); Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (generic transfer) TL: Qld, Cairns.

G. ayrensis Girault, 1913 [155]: 257; Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 114 ( types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. baconi Girault, 1912 [120]: 129, 146 (key); Dahms, 1983: 115 ( types). TL: Qld , Mackay, Pioneer River.

G. bellus ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 396). Dahms, 1983: 121 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Kingston.

G. bicolor Girault, 1913 [147]: 216; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 129 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. boswelli Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; Dahms, 1983: 146 ( types). TL: Qld, Cooktown.

G. brunoi Girault 1912 [120]: 142, 146 (key); Dahms, 1983: 155 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. brunoi lyelli Girault, 1913 [147]: 218; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Dahms, 1983: 156 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. carlylei Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; Dahms, 1983: 167 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. centaurus (Girault, 1920 [352]: 45); Girault, 1920 [353]: 97 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 170 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Goondi.

G. cingulatus Perkins, 1905: 196 ; Girault, 1912 [120]: 146 (key). TL: Qld, Brisbane.

G. circumvagus Girault, 1915 [228]: 159; Dahms, 1983: 181 ( types). TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. citriscapus (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1983: 182 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld , Mt. Coot-tha .

G. comptei Girault, 1912 [120]: 135, 146 (key); Girault, 1913 [155]: 256 (redescription); Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (descriptive notes, lapsus as competi); Girault, 1915 [228]: 160 (descriptive note); Dahms, 1983: 193 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. darwini Girault, 1912 [120]: 130, 145 (key); Dahms, 1983: 211 ( types). TL: Qld , Mackay, Pioneer River.

G. davinci Girault, 1912 [120]: 138, 145 (key); Dahms, 1983: 212 ( types). TL: Qld , near Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. dies Girault, 1913 [165]: 111; Girault, 1913 [173]: 50; Dahms, 1983: 222 ( types). TL: Qld, Capeville.

G. dodo Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1983: 230 ( types). TL: Qld, Brisbane, Victoria Park .

G. elizabethae Girault, 1925 [387]: 2; Dahms, 1983: 242 ( types). TL: Qld, The Caves.

G. ella Girault, 1931 [435]: 4; Dahms, 1983: 243 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. fasciativentris Girault, 1913 [147]: 217; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (redescription); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (note); Dahms, 1984: 586 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. flavipes (Girault and Dodd, in Girault, 1915 [228]: 154); Dahms, 1984: 608 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. flosculus Girault, 1915 [228]: 160; Dahms, 1984: 621 ( types). TL: NSW, Tweed River , Tweed Heads.

G. fulgor Girault, 1913 [155]: 259; Girault, 1913 [165]: 111 (description); Dahms, 184: 627 ( types). TL: Qld, Ayr.

G. gigas (Girault, 1915 [228]: 154); Dahms, 1984: 649 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Kuranda.

G. goethei Girault, 1912 [120]: 139, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 654 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. gregi Girault, 1915 [228]: 160; Dahms, 1984: 662 ( types). TL: NSW, Murwillunbah.

G. grotiusi (Girault, 1913 [165]: 108, 110, footnote) ( Cosmocomoidea ); Girault, 1915 [228]: 155 (generic transfer); Dahms, 1984: 666 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale] .

G. hackeri Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 673 ( types). TL: Qld, Brisbane, Clayfield.

G. haeckeli Girault, 1912 [120]: 131, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 675 ( types). TL: Qld , Port Douglas.

G. hallami Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1984: 677 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale].

G. heinei Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 683 ( types). TL: Qld, no locality specified.

G. helmholtzii Girault, 1912 [120]: 142, 145 (key); Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1984: 684 ( types). TL: Qld, near Mackay.

G. helmholtzii christi Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 685 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. humboldti (Girault, 1913 [149]: 276) ( Agonatocerus ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 109 (description); Girault, 1915 [228]: 159 (description); Dahms, 1984: 700 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [= Gordonvale] .

G. huxleyi Girault, 1912 [120]: 134, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 701 ( types). TL: Qld, Roma.

G. huyghensi Girault, 1912 [120]: 143, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 701 ( types). TL: Qld, near Kuranda.

G. huyghensi gratia Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 701 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly.

G. ignipes (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1984: 706 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld,

Amamoor. G. indigenus Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 717 ( types). TL: Qld, no locality specified. G. indigenus faradayi Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1984: 717 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. io Girault, 1915 [245]: 360; Girault, 1938 [452]: 393 (description); Dahms, 1984: 727 ( types). TL: Qld,

Capeville. G.iona (Girault, 1930 [433]: 5); Dahms, 1984: 728 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld, Brookfield. G. ipswichia Girault, 1922 [361]: 104; Dahms, 1984: 727 ( types). TL: Qld, Ipswich. G. ipswichia variguttus Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 729 ( types). TL: Qld, Ashgrove. G. kochi Girault, 1936 [446]: 1; Dahms, 1984: 740 ( types). TL: Vic., Canterbury. G. lamarcki Girault, 1912 [120]: 138, 146 (key); Dahms, 1984: 743 ( types). TL: Qld, Cooktown. G. lomonosoffi Girault, 1913 [158]: 79; Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (redescription); Dahms, 1984: 762 ( types).

TL: Qld, Kuranda. G. macauleyi Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1984: 779 ( types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. mazzinini Girault, 1913 [165]: 114; Dahms, 1984: 803 ( types); Dahms, 1986: 739 (correction to type data).

TL: Qld, mainland opposite Double Island. G. merces Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; Dahms, 1984: 808 ( types). TL: Qld, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. metchnikoffi Girault, 1912 [120]: 132, 145 (key); Dahms, 1984: 812 ( types). TL: Qld, Mulgrave River

near Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. mirissimus Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; Girault, 1938 [452]: 396 (comparison); Dahms, 1984: 826 ( types).

TL: Qld, Nelson [= Gordonvale]. G. mirus ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 396); Dahms, 1984: 827 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld,

Kuranda. G. mosesi Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1984: 832 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. musa Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; Dahms, 1984: 840 ( types). TL: Qld, Mt. Coot-tha. G. musa bayardi Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1984: 840 ( types). TL: Qld, Mt. Coot-tha. G. nassaui Girault, 1938 [452]: 395; Dahms, 1986: 321 ( types). TL: Qld, Kingston. G. nonsulcatus Girault, 1915 [228]: 157; Dahms, 1986: 352 ( types). TL: Qld, Cloncurry. G. notabilis Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 353 ( types). TL: Qld, Indooroopilly. G. nox Girault, 1913 [155]: 258; Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (description); Dahms, 1986: 359 ( types). TL: Qld,

Ayr. G. nuntius Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 361 ( types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. pachyscapha Girault, 1915 [245]: 359; Dahms, 1986: 374 ( types). TL: Qld, Capeville. G. pater Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 388 ( types). TL: Qld, Watsonville. G. perdix Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1986: 399 ( types). TL: Qld, Dayboro. G. petrarchi Girault, 1920 [353]: 99; Dahms, 1986: 407 ( types). TL: Qld, Port Douglas, Nelson [Gordonvale]. G. poincarei Girault, 1913 [165]: 113; Girault, 1938 [452]: 396 (comparison under mirus ); Dahms, 1986: 419

( types). TL: Qld, Harvey’s Creek. G. prometheus (Girault, 1915 [228]: 155); Dahms, 1986: 426 ( types). Comb. nov. from Ooctonus . TL: Qld,

Babinda. G. renani (Girault, 1913 [160]: 327) ( Cosmocomoidea ); Girault, 1913 [165]: 108 (description); Girault, 1913:

[173]: 51 (male description); Girault, 1915 [228]: 155 (generic transfer); Dahms, 1986: 471 ( types). TL:

Qld, Nelson [Gordonvale]. G. romae Girault, 1928 [421]: 3; Dahms, 1986: 478 ( types). TL: Qld, Roma. G. romae boiardini Girault, 1938 [452]: 392; Dahms, 1986: 479 ( types). TL: Qld, Gatton. G. saintpierrei Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; Girault 1913 [173]: 50 (description); Dahms, 1986: 496 ( types). TL:

Qld, Kuranda. = G. langlandi ( Girault, 1938 [452]: 395) ( Ooctonus ). Unnecessary replacement name for G. saintpierrei , not

Ooctonus (now Boudiennyia ) saintpierrei .

G. shakespearei Girault, 1915 [228]: 158; Dahms, 1986: 527 ( types). TL: NT, Port Darwin ; Qld, Cloncurry.

G. spinozai Girault, 1912 [120]: 140, 146 (key); Girault, 1913 [147]: 217 (male description); Girault, 1913 [165]: 110 (male description); Dahms, 1986: 557 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. sulcatus Girault, 1915 [228]: 157; Dahms, 1986: 572 ( types). TL: Qld, Cloncurry.

G. taringae Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 577 ( types). TL: Qld, Taringa.

G. terrigena Girault, 1938 [452]: 393; Dahms, 1986: 584 ( types). TL: Qld, Dayboro.

G. tolstoii Girault, 1913 [158]: 78; Girault, 1915 [228]: 156 (description); Dahms, 1986: 590 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. tricolor Girault, 1913 [165]: 112; Girault, 1915 [228]: 160 (correction); Dahms, 1986: 596 ( types). TL: Qld , Nelson [Gordonvale].

G. yerongae Girault, 1938 [452]: 394; Dahms, 1986: 659 ( types). TL: Qld, Brisbane.

Figures

FIGURES 135–142. Gonatocerus, litoralis group spp. Male (Tas., 3 km NE by E Wayatinah, 42.22°S 146.29°E, 23.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 135, fore- and hind wings; 136, antenna; 137, genitalia. Female (Tas., 12 km NNE. Bronte Park, 42.02°S 146.33°E, 20.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 138, antenna; 139, metanotum and propodeum; 140, fore leg; 141, middle leg; 142, hind leg.

FIGURES 143–146. Gonatocerus, sulphuripes group spp. Female (Qld, Hann River, 15.11°S 143.52°E, 20.iii– 24.iv.1994, P. Zborowski) 143, fore-and hind wings; 144, antenna; 145, metanotum and propodeum dorsolateral. Male (Qld, 13 km E. by S. Weipa, 12.40°S 143.00°E, 16.xii.93–16.i.1994, P. Zborowski & D. Khalu) 146, antenna.