Polynema Haliday

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, Zootaxa 1596, pp. 1-111 : 45

Genus Polynema Haliday ( Figs. 213–215 )

Polynema Haliday, 1833: 347 . Type species: Polynema flavipes Walker , by subsequent designation ( Huber & Bouček, 2001: 281).

Eutriche Nees, 1834: 196 . Type species: Eutriche gracilis Nees , by monotypy. Synonymy (de facto) by Förster (1847: 217). Treated under Polynema (Polynema) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 60).

Doriclytus Förster, 1847: 226 . Type species: Doriclytus vitripennis Förster , by monotypy. Treated as subgenus of Polynema by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 57).

Maidliella Soyka, 1946: 178 . Type species: Maidliella neofuscipes Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy by Annecke & Doutt (1961: 36). Treated under Polynema (Polynema) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 60).

Novickyella Soyka, 1946: 179 . Type species: Novickyella gracilior Soyka , by original designation. Synonymy by Soyka (1956: 3). Treated under Polynema (Polynema) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 60).

Barypolynema Ogloblin, 1946: 282 . Type species: Barypolynema reticulatum Ogloblin , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema (Doriclytus) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 57).

Notopolynema Ogloblin, 1960b: 77 . Type species: Barypolynema pallidiventre Ogloblin , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema (Doriclytus) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 57).

Tarphypolynema Ogloblin, 1960b: 79 . Type species: Anagrus saga Ogloblin , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema (Polynema) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 60).

Dorypolynema Hayat & Anis, 1999: 318 . Type species: Polynema mendeli Girault , by original designation. Subgenus of Polynema .

Restisoma Yoshimoto, 1990: 68 . Type species: Restisoma howdeni Yoshimoto , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema (Doriclytus) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 57).

Formicomymar Yoshimoto, 1990: 80 . Type species: Formicomymar venezuelaensis Yoshimoto , by original designation. Synonymy under Polynema (Doriclytus) by Triapitsyn and Fidalgo (2006: 57).

Diagnosis. Polynema belongs to the Polynema group of genera. Useful features to help distinguish it from other genera in the group are as follows: fore wing venation short, extending about one-quarter length of wing, with marginal vein punctiform, its posterior margin convex, not parallel with anterior margin ( Fig. 213 ); face without pit next to each torulus ( Fig. 214 ); propleura not abutting anteriorly; propodeum often with a median carina, either short ( Fig. 215 ) or extending to dorsellum; body colour dark brown to black ( Fig. 215 , cleared specimen). Male with flagellum 11-segmented.

Polynema saga (Girault) is reported here from Australia, based on one female collected in Victoria ( Figs. 213–215 ). This Nearctic species is not included in the species list below until more Australia specimens are collected to confirm conclusively its presence there .

Body length. 600–2475 µm.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Unknown for Australian species. Elsewhere reported from Cicadellidae , Lestidae , Membracidae , Miridae and Nabidae .

Important reference. New (1976), Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy (2007).

Australian species (4):

P. draperi Girault, 1912 [120]: 172; New, 1976: 6 (redescription), 23 (key); Dahms, 1983: 231 (types). TL: Qld, Cooktown.

P. editha Girault, 1938 [452]: 391; New, 1976: 6 (redescription), 23 (key); Dahms, 1983: 238. TL: Qld, Wynnum.

P. frater Girault, 1913 [165]: 124; Girault, 1915 [228]: 166 (sex of type); New, 1976: 7 (redescription), 23 (key); Dahms, 1984: 624. TL: Qld, Ingham.

P. mendeli Girault, 1913 [147]: 219; Girault, 1913 [159]: 99 (description, additional specimen); Girault, 1913 [165]: 118 (description), 128 (key); New, 1976: 10 (redescription), 23 (key); Sveum, 1982: 83 (synonymy of P. oophaga (Subba Rao) , redescription); Dahms, 1984: 807; Hayat & Anis, 1999: 318 (in subgenus Dorypolynema ). TL: Qld, Nelson [Gordonvale].

Figures

FIGURES 213–215. Polynema saga (Girault). Female (Vic., Mitcham, i.1983, C. Lai) 213, fore- and hind wings; 214, head and antennae; 215, entire body (metasoma lateral).