Mymaridae

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2007, Paranaphoidea Girault 1913, Zootaxa 1596, pp. 1-111 : 10-15

Key to genera of Australian Mymaridae . Females.

(Antenna with distinct clava of 1–3 segments and funicle with 4–8 segments)

Note. Females of Kikiki have not yet been found in the Australian fauna but must be present so are included in the key.

1 Tarsi 5-segmented ( Figs. 140–142 ) ...................................................................................................... 2

- Tarsi 4-segmented ( Figs. 209–211 ) or, exceptionally ( Kikiki ), 3-segmented ( Figs. 155, 156 )........... 14

2(1) Gaster with petiole distinct, narrow, at most about one third width of propodeal apex ( Figs. 59 , 139 ), and varying in length from shorter than wide ( Fig. 132) to distinctly longer than wide ( Figs. 65 , 233 ); mesophragma not projecting into gaster................................................................................................3

- Gaster broadly joined to propodeum, the petiole indistinct ( Fig. 9 ) and apparently almost as wide as propodeal apex or gaster (actually only about half as wide) ( Fig. 164), much shorter than wide, ringlike ( Fig. 164); mesophragma projecting into gaster ( Fig. 95 )............................................................10

3(2) Funicle 8-segmented ( Figs. 56 , 129, 133, 138 , 144 )............................................................................. 4

- Funicle at most 7-segmented ( Figs. 8 , 97 , 171 ).....................................................................................6

4(3) Clava 2- ( Fig. 129) or 3-segmented ( Fig. 133); fore wing venation greater than half the wing length, the marginal vein extending halfway toward wing apex and postmarginal vein well developed, extending almost to wing apex ( Fig. 131)...................................................... Eustochomorpha Girault

- Clava entire ( Figs. 56 , 138 , 144 ); fore wing venation at most almost half the wing length, postmarginal vein absent ( Figs. 55 , 136 , 143 )....................................................................................................5

5(4) Fore wing venation distinctly less than half the wing length, the marginal + stigmal veins together shorter than submarginal vein ( Figs. 135 , 143 ); hypochaeta about midway between proximal and distal macrochaetae ( Fig. 135 ); pronotum divided into two lobes, either abutting medially (sulphuripes species group) or separated by a membranous or sclerotized area ( litoralis species group) and without transverse carina separating collar from neck; metanotum smooth, with dorsellum distinct and either strap-like ( Fig. 139 ) ( litoralis species group) or diamond-shaped ( Fig. 145 ) (sulphuripes species group); propodeum either with two parallel longitudinal submedian lines ( Fig. 139 ) ( litoralis species group), or sometimes with a faint median or two faint submedian, longidudinal carinae (sulphuripes species group)........................................................................................................... Gonatocerus Nees

- Fore wing venation about half wing length, the marginal + stigmal veins together longer than submarginal vein ( Fig. 55 ); hypochaeta much closer to proximal than to distal macrochaeta ( Fig. 55 ); prono- tum entire, with transverse carina separating collar from neck ( Fig. 59 ); metanotum with several short longidutindal carinae laterally and submedially and dorsellum not separate from lateral lobes of metanotum ( Fig 59 ); propodeum medially with H-shaped pattern of carinae ( Fig. 59 ) ................................ ............................................................................................................................... Boudiennyia Girault

6(3) Wings absent ......................................................................................................................................... 7

- Wings present, but sometimes (some Camptopteroides ) extremely short ( Fig. 69 ) ............................. 8

7(6) Funicle 7-segmented ( Fig. 171 ); protibial spur (calcar) comb-like along inner margin ( Fig. 172 ) ........ .................................................................................................................. Myrmecomymar Yoshimoto

- Funicle 5-segmented (as in Fig. 8 ); protibial spur (calcar) smooth along inner margin ( Fig. 13 )........... ........................................................................................................................ Alaptus apterus Girault

8(6) Funicle 5-segmented ( Fig. 42); fore wing venation almost two-thirds wing length ( Fig. 44) ................ ....................................................................................................................................... Arescon Walker

- Funicle 7-segmented or, apparently, 6-segmented (segment 2 ring-like and easily overlooked); fore wing venation much less than half wing length.....................................................................................9

9(8) Fore wing without dark areas contrasting with hyaline areas, and slightly but distinctly curved apically, the posterior margin slightly concave, especially towards apex, and apex rounded ( Fig. 60 ); mandible apparently with one tooth; head and mesosoma with faint reticulate sculpture and setae short, inconspicuous in lateral view ..................................................................... Camptoptera Förster

- Fore wing with dark areas, and not curved apically, the posterior margin straight or slightly convex (strongly so in short-winged species) and its apex pointed ( Figs. 69, 71 ); mandible with two equalsized teeth; head and mesosoma with heavy, reticulate sculpture and setae longer, conspicuous in lateral view ...................................................................................................... Camptopteroides Viggiani

10(2) Funicle 5-segmented ( Fig. 8 ), but if sometimes 6-segmented then the extra segment minute........... 11

- Funicle 7-segmented ( Fig. 97 ) but if sometimes 6-segmented (some Dicopomorpha ) then the extra segment normal in size.........................................................................................................................12

11(10) Fore wing abruptly narrowing and sometimes slightly recurved behind marginal vein ( Fig. 7 ), and posterior margin thereafter usually straight to wing apex ....................................... Alaptus Westwood

- Fore wing slightly narrowing behind marginal vein, and posterior margin thereafter slightly and evenly concave medially and then somewhat straighter almost to wing apex ( Fig. 101)........................ ........................................................................................................................................ Dicopus Enock

12(10) Posterior scutellum divided medially by longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 164) ................................................. ............................................................................................................. Mimalaptus Noyes & Valentine

- Posterior scutellum entire .................................................................................................................. 13

13(12) Head in anterior view relatively long and narrow below eyes, together with ventrally-pointing mandibles giving head a beak-like appearance; mandible with one longer and one shorter tooth; scape either relatively short, widest medially and with two ventral, setate denticles ( Figs. 101, 102) or very long (greatly surpassing vertex) swollen apically and without denticles; funicle 10-segmented ( Fig. 103); fore wing very narrow medially, with posterior margin evenly curved medially and almost straight towards apex ( Fig. 101) ................................................................................................ Dicopus Enock

- Head in anterior view shorter and wider below eyes, not beak-like (as in Fig. 159); mandibles pointing towards each other and with two subequal teeth; scape with ventral setae not on denticles; funicle 9-segmented ( Fig. 93 ); fore wing slightly wider medially than above, with posterior margin straight medially and more abruptly curved towards apex ( Fig. 92 ) .......................... Dicopomorpha Ogloblin

14(1) Tarsi 3-segmented ( Figs. 155, 156 ) ............................................................. Kikiki Huber & Beardsley

- Tarsi 4-segmented ( Figs. 209–211 ) or apparently so ( Fig. 115 ) ........................................................ 15

15(14) Funicle 8-segmented ( Fig. 236 ); propodeum with submedian longitudinal pair of tall, translucent, areolate carinae ( Fig. 235 ) and propodeal seta branched; gastral tergum 1 anteriorly with sublateral pair of translucent, areolate carinae ( Fig. 233 ) ............................................. Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt

- Funicle at most 6-segmented; propodeum and gaster without such carinae and propodeal seta not branched; gastal tergum 2 without carinae..........................................................................................16

16(15) Gaster petiolate, the petiole tube-like and slightly to considerably longer than wide ( Figs. 192 , 215 ), rarely somewhat wider than long ( Fig. 23 ); phragma not projecting into gaster ( Figs. 191 , 215 ); body often well sclerotized, the head and metasoma non-collapsing when air-dried ( Figs. 23 , 215 ); scutellum usually not clearly divided into anterior and posterior scutellum and often with a transverse row of fovea in posterior half ( Figs. 191 , 215 ) ......................................................................................... 17

- Gaster appearing sessile or subsessile, the petiole ring-like, wider than long and barely recognizable ( Figs. 182, 224 , 273 , 278) or narrower and distinguishable ( Figs. 39 , 120 ); phragma usually projecting at least slightly into gaster ( Figs. 20 , 212 , 283 ); body often poorly sclerotized, the head and metasoma collapsing when air-dried; scutellum often clearly divided into anterior and posterior scutellum ( Figs. 212 , 246 , 265 , 273 , 278, 283 ) and without a transverse row of fovea......................................28

17(16) Body minute (about 0.3 mm) ( Fig. 116 ), fore wing very narrow, and slightly but distinctly curved apically, as in Camptoptera ; mandible apparently with only one tooth, sharply-pointed; tarsi apparently 4-segmented but actually 5-segmented, with the apical two segments broadly fused ( Fig. 115 ) ........... ................................................................................................................................ Eofoersteria Mathot

- Body longer (usually more than 0.5 mm), fore wing wider and not curved apically; tarsi distinctly 4- segmented (e.g., Fig. 25 ) .................................................................................................................... 18

18(17) Mandibles pointing ventrally, not crossing each other medially (mandibular condyles transverse, so mandibles move forewards and backwards) ( Figs. 23, 26 ), with several, small teeth on ventral surface ( Figs. 22 , 126 ); hind wing relatively wide, with rounded apex ( Figs. 21 , 123 ) and its membrane extending narrowly to base of wing along venation ( Fig. 123 ); protibial spur (calcar) comb-like along inner margin ( Figs. 25 , 125 )................................................................................................................19

- Mandibles pointing towards each other, crossing each other medially (mandibular condyles in line with long axis of body, so mandibles move in and out) ( Figs. 16 , 284 ), with usually three equal, normal-sized teeth on inner surface ( Figs. 150 , 220, 265 ); hind wing width and apex various but its membrane beginning towards apex of venation so vein without membrane for at least half its length; protibial spur not comb-like on inner surface ( Fig. 17 )......................................................................20

19(18) Head in lateral view only slightly triangular, not longer than high and with small projection between toruli ( Fig. 23 ); mandible not longer than width of mouth opening ( Fig. 26 ); antenna double geniculate and funicle segment 1 longer than any other and about as long as pedicel ( Fig. 24 ) ....................... ................................................................................................................................. Anagroidea Girault

- Head in lateral view strongly and sharply triangular ( Fig. 126 ), much longer than high and with large, distinct shelf projecting between toruli ( Fig. 124 ); mandible as long as height of head ( Fig. 126 ); antenna not double geniculate and funicle segment 1 shortest of all and shorter than pedicel ( Fig. 124 ) ........................................................................................ Eubroncus Yoshimoto, Kozlov & Trjapitzin

20(18) Fore wing oar-shaped, with a long, narrow petiole and short, oval, partly infuscate blade; hind wing filamentous, very short ( Fig. 165) to almost 2/3 as long as fore wing; toruli at extreme dorsolateral angle of face, touching transverse trabecula (a transverse, thickened bar of dark cuticle) separating face from vertex; scape constricted medially ( Fig. 166).................................................. Mymar Curtis

- Fore wing not oar-shaped; hind wing not filamentous, though sometimes membrane very narrow ( Fig. 237); toruli usually lower on face, separated from trabecula by at least half a torulus diameter ( Fig. 5 ), but sometimes at extreme dorsolateral angle; scape not constricted medially ( Figs. 5, 6 ) ................ 21

21(20) Petiole attached to gastral tergum.......................................................................................................22

- Petiole attached to gastral sternum ..................................................................................................... 24

22(21) Face with small pit submedially next to each torulus ( Fig. 150 ) .................... Himopolynema Taguchi - Face without a pit next to each torulus ( Figs. 5 , 214 ).........................................................................23

23(22) Propleura abutting each other anteriorly along midline, the prosterum thus closed anteriorly ( Fig. 191 , faintly visible through pronotum and mesonotum); fore wing usually narrow and often slightly narrowing just beyond apex of venation ( Fig. 77 ) but sometimes wider ( Fig. 190 ); propodeum smooth, without carinae .............................................................................................. Palaeoneura Waterhouse

- Propleura not abutting anteriorly along midline, the prosternum thus open anteriorly; fore wing usually wider just beyond apex of venation than at marginal vein; propodeum with at least an incomplete median carina [but smooth in the introduced P. saga (Girault) ( Fig. 215 )] ............ Polynema Haliday

24(21) Fore wing very narrow basally and very wide distally, usually with two or three wide transverse brown bands ( Fig. 237); hind wing very narrow and about half as long as fore wing ( Fig. 237); head and thorax (except metathorax) with distinct, areolate sculpture .............................. Richteria Girault

- Wings not as above, fore wing usually without bands but, if banded, head and thorax at most with inconspicuous, reticulate sculpture; hind wing almost as long as fore wing ( Figs. 1 , 77 , 248 ) even when very narrow................................................................................................................................25

25(24) Vertex with wide, shallow depression outside each ocellus ( Fig. 252 ); scape with imbricate (rasplike) sulpture on inner surface ( Figs. 247, 252 ); prothoracic spiracle advanced forward, near anterior apex of notauli ( Fig. 253 ); propodeum without median carina ...................................... Stephanodes Enock

- Vertex usually without a depression outside each ocellus ( Fig. 150 ); scape at most with fine reticulate sculpture on inner surface ( Fig. 5 ); prothoracic spiracle at posterolateral angle of pronotum ( Figs. 191 , 215 ); propodeum with median or submedian carinae ......................................................................... 26

26(25) Face without a pit next to each torulus ( Fig. 5 ); propodeum either with V-shaped submedian carinae ( Fig. 3 ) or with a complete median carina ......................................................................................... 27

- Face with a pit submedially next to each torulus (as in Fig. 150 ); propodeum with subparallel submedian carinae, these often incomplete, present at posterior margin of propodeum only............................ ..................................................................................... Boccacciomymar S. Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy

27(26) Propodeum with V-shaped, submedian carinae ( Fig. 3 ) ................................ Acmopolynema Ogloblin

- Propodeum with a single, complete median carina .................................. Agalmopolynema Ogloblin

28(16) Wings very short, not extending past propodeum ( Figs. 107, 202, 182) or absent............................. 29

- Wings well developed ( Figs. 105, 198), extending at least to apex of gaster..................................... 31

29(28) Funicle 4-segmented ( Fig. 89); gastral terga 1 and 2 enlarged, covering about half of gaster ( Fig. 91). ............................................................................................................. Cybomymar Noyes & Valentine

- Funicle 6-segmented; gastral terga 1 and 2 similar in length to remaining terga .............................. 30

30(29) Clava entire ( Fig. 83 ) ................................................................................................ Cleruchus Enock

- Clava 3-segmented ( Fig. 180) ............................................................................ Nesomymar Valentine

31(28) Posterior scutellum usually divided medially by a longitudinal sulcus (sometimes only in half or less in some Omyomymar and appparently not at all in Parastethynium ) and often differently coloured from anterior scutellum ( Figs. 212 , 246 , 273 , 283 ); gaster appearing sessile with only a slight dorsal or lateral constriction between mesosoma and metasoma, the wide but short petiole barely recognizable or distinguishable from gastral tergum 1; phragma usually projecting into gaster ( Figs. 20 , 30 , 185, 212 , 246 , 283 ).............................................................................................................................32

- Posterior scutellum entire and usually the same colour as anterior scutellum (contrasting colour in Cleruchoides ); gaster usually appearing subsessile, with a more definite dorsal and lateral constriction between mesosoma and metasoma, the petiole ring-like, usually easily distinguishable from gastral tergum 1 ( Figs. 39 , 52 , 120 , 224 , 273 ); phragma usually not projecting into gaster or only slightly so ( Figs. 39 , 182, 224 , 265 , 278) ............................................................................................................ 38

32(31) Clava entire ( Fig. 31 ); protibial spur comb-like ( Fig. 32 ) ......................................... Anagrus Haliday

- Clava 2 or 3-segmented; protibial spur not comb-like........................................................................ 33

33(32) Clava 2-segmented ( Figs. 184, 205 , 243 )...........................................................................................34

- Clava 3-segmented ( Figs. 19 , 255, 281 ) ............................................................................................. 36

34(33) Mesoscutum uniformly coloured; hind wing normal, relatively narrow and not widened apically ( Figs. 186, 242 ); ovipositor not projecting forward under mesosoma ............................................... 35

- Mesoscutum medially usually with a pale midlongitudinal line ( Fig.212 ); hind wing often extremely wide ( Fig. 206 ) or, if relatively narrow, wider apically than basally and with rounded apex; ovipositor often projecting forward under mesosoma........................................................ Paranaphoidea Girault

35(34) Ovipositor strongly exserted (for almost length of metasoma) beyond apex of metasoma ( Fig. 185) ... .............................................................................................................................. Omyomymar Schauff

- Ovipositor at most only slightly exserted beyond apex of metasoma ( Fig. 245 ) ................................... ........................................................................................................................ Schizophragma Ogloblin

36(33) Eye with numerous short setae among ommatidia ( Fig. 284 ); fore wing apex distinctly truncate ( Fig. 280 ) ........................................................................................ Parastethynium Lin & Huber , gen. nov.

- Eye with very few, inconspicuoussetae among ommatidia; fore wing apex rounded ....................... 37

37(36) Clava compact, with sutures usually oblique ( Fig. 255) (sometimes the sutures indistinct or incomplete so clava apparently 2-segmented); fore wing with characteristic shape, having a distinct rounded lobe on hind margin behind venation, narrowing just beyond venation, then widening evenly towards rounded to slightly pointed apex ( Figs. 254, 256) ................................................... Stethynium Enock

- Clava loose, with transverse or only slightly oblique, complete and distinct sutures ( Fig. 19 ); fore wing without distinct lobe on hind margin behind venation ( Fig. 14 ).. Allanagrus Noyes & Valentine

38 (31) Ovipositor much shorter than length of gaster, arising in apical half at about level of gastral tergum 4 or beyond ( Fig. 224 )............................................................................................................................39

- Ovipositor about length of gaster, arising near base usually at or before level of gastral tergum 2 ( Figs. 52 , 120 ).....................................................................................................................................42

39(38) Funicle segments 4–6 at most 2 times as long as wide, often shorter and almost globular ( Figs. 83, 87 , 221 , 268 ).............................................................................................................................................40

- Funicle segments 4–6 at least 3 times as long as wide ( Fig. 72 ) ..... Ceratanaphes Noyes & Valentine

40(39) Fore wing blade mostly bare, with only one or two rows of microtrichia ( Figs. 88 , 269 ).................41

- Fore wing blade entirely covered with microtrichia ( Figs. 223 , 274) ................... Prionaphes Hincks

41 (40) Fore wing parallel-sided or almost so, knife-like, at least 8X as long as wide, and posterior margin with weak lobe behind apex of venation ( Fig. 88 )..................................................... Cleruchus Enock

- Fore wing with anterior and posterior margins diverging, about 6X as long as wide, and posterior margin distinctly lobed behind apex of venation ( Fig. 269 ) ...... Cleruchoides Lin & Huber , gen. nov.

42(38) Clava entire ( Fig. 51 ) ......................................................................................................................... 43

- Clava 2- or 3-segmented ( Figs. 40 , 226) ............................................................................................ 46

43(42) Fore wing venation at most about one-third wing length ( Figs. 36 , 105, 118 ; ovipositor not or barely exserted and sheaths without setae ..................................................................................................... 44

- Fore wing venation at least half wing length ( Fig. 49 ); ovipositor distinctly exserted, often for at least length of gaster and sheaths with at least a few setae along length ( Fig. 52 ) .. Australomymar Girault

44(43) Clava at least as long as four or five preceding funicle segments, widest in basal third and tapering to apex ( Figs. 109, 110) .................................................................................... Dorya Noyes & Valentine

- Clava shorter, symmetrical, and more broadly rounded apically, usually appearing oval ( Figs. 117 , 268 ) ..................................................................................................................................................... 45

45(44) Hypopygium short, inconspicuous; head in lateral view relatively thick, the gena relatively wide so posterior margin of eye separated along entire length from back of head; mandibles normal, crossing medially and with 3 equal sized teeth; fore wing with a single, socketed seta on posterior margin near apex of retinaculum and basal to the marginal setae ( Fig. 36 ); body usually black or dark brown ........ .................................................................................................................................... Anaphes Haliday

- Hypopygium well developed, extending almost to apex of gaster ( Fig. 120 ); head in lateral view thin, the gena very narrow so posterior margin of eye, at least dorsally, touching back of head; mandibles minute, not meeting medially and apparently without teeth; fore wing without socketed seta as above; body mostly yellow or light brown .......................................................................... Erythmelus Enock

46 (42) Clava 2-segmented ( Fig. 40 ) ..................................................................................... Anaphes Haliday

- Clava 3-segmented ( Figs. 203, 226) .................................................................................................. 47

47(46) Fore wing relatively narrow ( Fig. 198) and venation greater than half wing length .............................. ...................................................................................................... Paracmotemnus Noyes & Valentine

- Fore wing relatively wide ( Figs. 216, 225, 260 ) and venation less than half wing length ................. 48

48(47) Ovipositor strongly exerted beyond apex of gaster ( Fig. 218) ........................... Polynemoidea Girault

- Ovipositor not or, at most, slightly exerted beyond apex of gaster..................................................... 49

49(48) Fore wing with curved dark mark behind venation and with relatively long marginal fringe setae ( Fig. 225) ................................................................................................ Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine

- Fore wing with 2 wide, dark bands beyond venation and with very short marginal fringe setae ( Fig. 260 ) ....................................................................................... Kompsomymar Lin & Huber , gen. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 135–142. Gonatocerus, litoralis group spp. Male (Tas., 3 km NE by E Wayatinah, 42.22°S 146.29°E, 23.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 135, fore- and hind wings; 136, antenna; 137, genitalia. Female (Tas., 12 km NNE. Bronte Park, 42.02°S 146.33°E, 20.i.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 138, antenna; 139, metanotum and propodeum; 140, fore leg; 141, middle leg; 142, hind leg.

FIGURES 205–212. Paranaphoidea spp. Female (NSW, Barrington Tops State Forest, Polblue Swamp, 31.57°S 151.25°E, 17.xi.1981, T. Weir) 205, antenna. Male (NSW, Millpost near Bungendore, S. Rozario, 35.18°S 149.23°E, 6.i.19?, ex. Eurymeloides punctata) 206, fore- and hind wings; 207, antenna; 208, genitalia; 209, fore leg; 210, middle leg; 211, hind leg. Male (ACT, Canberra, ii.1946, E.F. Riek) 212, body dorsal.

FIGURES 153–157. Kikiki sp. Male (WA, ca. 3 km W. Walpole, 34°59.01’S 116º40.76’E, 20–21.xi.2002, J. George, D. Hawks, J. Munro, A. Owen) 153, fore-and hind wings; 154, antenna; 155, fore leg; 156, protarsus; 157, genitalia lateral.

FIGURES 54–59. Boudiennyia sp. Female (NSW, 16 km NE. Wiangaree, 600m, Sheepstation Creek, 13.vi– 24.viii.1982, S. & J. Peck) 54, fore leg; 55, fore- and hindwings; 56, antenna. Male (NSW, 14 km W. Urbenville, Tooloom Plateau, 28.29°S 152.24°E, 14.ii.1984, I.D. Naumann) 57, genitalia dorsal; 58, antenna; 59, metasoma dorsal.

FIGURES 60–65. Camptoptera spp. Male of C.?immensa Girault (Qld, Hugh Nelson River, 1150m, 17.27ºS 145.29ºE, 6.iii–4.iv.1995, P. Zborowski) 60, fore- and hindwings; 61, fore leg; 62, antenna. Female of C.?immensa (Qld, Massey Creek, 1000m, 17.37ºS 145.34ºE, 4.ii–6.iii.1995, P. Zborowski) 63, antenna. Male of Camptoptera sp. (WA, “The Crusher” CALM site 9/1, S. by W. Mining Camp, Michell Plateau, 2–6.vi.1988, I.D. Naumann) 64, genitalia dorsal; 65, metasoma dorsal.

FIGURES 230–236. Ptilomymar sp. Male (Qld, Lake Eacham, 17.17°S 145.39°E, 15.ii–2.iii.1988, D.C.F. Rentz) 230, fore- and hind wings; 231, fore leg; 232, antenna; 233, gaster lateral; 234, genitalia lateral; 235, mesosoma lateral. Female (same data as above) 236, antenna.

FIGURES 7–13. Alaptus spp. Female (Qld, Heathlands, 11.45°S 142.35°E, 26.i–29.ii.1992, P. Feehney) 7, fore- and hind wings; 8, antenna; 9, body. Male (ACT, Blundells Creek, 3 km E. Piccadilly Circus, 850m, 35.22S 148.50E, xii.1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson) 10, genitalia dorsal. Male (Qld, 12 km SSE. Heathlands, 11.52°S 142.38°E, 22.iii– 25.iv.1992, T. Mcleod) 11, genitalia lateral; 12, antenna; 13, fore leg.

FIGURES 92–98. Dicopomorpha spp. Male (ACT, 6 km NE Piccadilly Circus, Wombat Creek, 35.195ºS 148.51ºE, 750m, 10–15.ix.1984, T. Weir, J. Lawrence & M.-L. Johnson) 92, fore- and hind wings; 93, antenna. Male (Qld, 12 km SSE Heathlands, 11.51ºS 142.38ºE, 26.i–iii.1992, P. Feehney) 94, genitalia lateral; 95, body. Male (same data as Heathlands specimen, above), 96, genitalia ventral. Female (Tas., 3 km S Mt. Oakleigh, Pelion Hut, 41.50ºS 146.03ºE, 30.xi.90–8.i.1991, W.E.B.S.) 97, antenna; 98, fore leg.

FIGURES 143–146. Gonatocerus, sulphuripes group spp. Female (Qld, Hann River, 15.11°S 143.52°E, 20.iii– 24.iv.1994, P. Zborowski) 143, fore-and hind wings; 144, antenna; 145, metanotum and propodeum dorsolateral. Male (Qld, 13 km E. by S. Weipa, 12.40°S 143.00°E, 16.xii.93–16.i.1994, P. Zborowski & D. Khalu) 146, antenna.

FIGURES 170–178. Myrmecomymar sp. Female (Qld, Massey Creek, 17.37°S 145.34°E, 1000m, 3.x.–2.xi.1995, L. Umback) 170, gaster lateral; 171, antenna; 172, fore leg; 173, mesosoma (crushed). Male (Qld, Lake Eacham Nat. Park, 17.17°S 145.37°E, 760m, 3–7.xi.1976, R.W. Taylor & T.A. Weir) 174, fore- and hind wings; 175, antenna; 176, protibial spur and tarsomere 1; 177, genitalia; 178, mesosoma.

FIGURES 66–71. Camptopteroides spp. Male (Qld, Mt. Edith, 1050m, 17.06ºS 145.37ºE, 4.ii–17.iii.1995, P. Zborowski) 66, antenna; 67, fore leg; 68; genitalia, lateral. Female, micropterous (Qld, Mt. Haig, 1150m, 16.06ºS 145.36ºE, 4.ii–17.iii.1995, P. Zborowski) 69, fore- and hind wings; 70, antenna. Female (Qld, Hugh Nelson River, 1150m, 17.27ºS 145.29ºE, i.xii.94–3.i.1995, P. Zborowski) 71, fore- and hind wings.

FIGURES 114–116. Eofoersteria vasta (Girault). Female, holotype (Qld, Nelson, A.A. Girault) 114, antenna; 115, middle leg; 116, body.

FIGURES 190–197. Palaeoneura and Agalmopolynema spp. Palaeoneura. Male (Qld, Mt. Edith, 17.06°S 145.37°E, 1050m, 17.iii–6.iv.1995, P. Zborowski) 190, fore- and hind wings; 191, mesosoma dorsal; 192, gastral petiole and right metacoxa; 193, antenna; 194, genitalia. Agalmopolynema. Female (Qld, 15 km NE. by E. Heathlands, 11.41°S 142.42°E, 15–26.i.1992, I. Naumann & T. Weir) 195, fore leg; 196, antenna. Male (same data as female) 197, genitalia lateral.

FIGURES 213–215. Polynema saga (Girault). Female (Vic., Mitcham, i.1983, C. Lai) 213, fore- and hind wings; 214, head and antennae; 215, entire body (metasoma lateral).

FIGURES 21–29. Anagroidea spp. Male (Qld, Mt. Speck, 875m, 19.00°S 146.11°E, 1.viii–4.ix.1995, M. Cermak) 21, fore- and hindwings; 22, mandibles lateral; 23, body. Female (Tas., Saxons road, 41.18°S 145.36°E, 17.i–1.ii.1983, I. Naumann & J. Cardale) 24, antenna; 25, fore leg; 26, mandibles and lower face anterior. Male (same data as female) 27, genitalia lateral; 28, antenna; 29, genitalia dorsal.

FIGURES 221–224. Prionaphes sp. Female (ACT, 3 km E. Piccadilly Circus, Blundells Creek, 35.22°S 148.50°E, 850m, ii.1984, Weir, Lawrence & Johnson) 221, antenna; 222, fore leg. Female (ACT, Blundells Creek, 35.22°S 148.50°E, ii.1987, D. Colless) 223, fore- and hind wings. Female (same data as above) 224, propodeum and gaster dorsal.

FIGURES 266–273. Cleruchoides noackae. Lin & Huber. Female (holotype) 266, metasoma dorsal (gastral apex lateral); 267, head anterior; 268, antenna. Male (paratype, TAS, Devonport, 22.ix.1986, L. Hill, ex. Baclozygum?depressum) 269, fore- and hind wing; 270, genitalia; 271, fore leg. Male (paratype, TAS, Devonport, 15.v.1986, L. Hill, ex. Baclozygum?depressum on Eucalyptus globosus) 272, antenna; 273, meso- and metasoma dorsal.

FIGURES 36–41. Anaphes spp. Male of Anaphes nitens (Girault) (NSW, “Mill Post”, 6 km SW. by W. Bungendore, xi.1988, W. Wanjura, ex. Gonipterus on Eucalyptus maculata) 36, fore- and hind wings; 37, antenna; 38, genitalia ventral; 39, mesosoma and base of metasoma. Female of A. nitens (South Africa, ex. Gonipterus scutellatus) 40, antenna. Male of Anaphes sp. (NSW, nr. Moppy Lookout, Barrington Tops, 31.54°S 151.34°E, 11.ii.1984, I. Naumann) 41, fore leg.

FIGURES 117–122. Erythmelus spp. Female (Qld, Heathlands, 11.45°S 142.35°E, 26.i–29.ii.1992, P. Feehney) 117, antenna; 118, fore-and hind wings; 119, fore leg. Female (Tas., Ewart Creek, 41.58°S 145.28°E, 16.i–2.ii.1983, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale) 120, gaster lateral. Male (Qld, Heathlands, dump, 11.45°S 142.35°E, 25.vii–18.viii.1992, P. Zborowsi & J. Cardale) 121, antenna; 122, genitalia ventral.

FIGURES 14–20. Allanagrus spp. Male (Qld, Brisbane Forest Park, 27°25’04”S 152°49’48”E, 21–27.iii.1998, N. Power) 14, fore- and hind wings. Male (same data as above but 14–20.iii.1998) 15, antenna; 16, head anterior; 17, fore leg. Male (Qld, 12 km SSE. Heathlands, 11.51S 142.38E, 22.iii–25.iv.1992, T. McLeod) 18, genitalia dorsal. Female (same data as above but 4.ix.1997) 19, antenna; 20, body, (right middle leg detached electronically and positioned above head).

FIGURES 280–284. Parastethynium maxwelli. Female (Qld, Heathlands, 11.45°S 142.35°E, 25.iv–7.vi.1992, T. McLeod) 280, fore- and hind wings; 281, antenna; 282, fore leg; 283, meso- and metasoma lateral; 284, head anterior.

FIGURES 242–246. Schizophragma sp. Female (Qld, McIllwraith Range, 11 km W. by N. Bald Hill, 13.44°S 143.20°E, 500m, I. Naumann) 242, fore- and hind wings; 243, antenna. Female (Qld, Heathlands, 11.45°S 142.35°E, 25.iv–7.vi.1992, T. McLeod) 244, fore leg; 245, gaster lateral; 246, mesosoma dorsal

FIGURES 260–265. Kompsomymar bicoloratum. Lin & Huber. Female (holotype) 260, fore-and hind wings; 261, antenna; 262, fore leg. Male (paratype, TAS, 3 km S. Mt. Oakleigh, Pelion Hut, 41.50°S 146.03°E, 11.ii–1.iii.1990) 263, antenna; 264, genitalia; 265, head and mesosoma dorsal.

FIGURES 123–128. Eubroncus sp. Female (Qld, Wooroonoonan Nat. Park, 17°20’30”S 146º52’08”E, 85m, 24.ix.2004, L. Masner) 123, fore-and hind wings; 124, head and antenna dorsal; 125, fore leg. Male (Qld, Mt. Lewis, 20.xii.1986, H. & A. Howden) 126, antenna; 127, head lateral; 128, genitalia lateral (upsidedown).

FIGURES 147–152. Himopolynema spp. Female of H.?longiclavatum Taguchi (Malaysia, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Malaya, botanical garden, 10–12.vi.1996, S.L. Heydon) 147, fore- and hind wings; 148, antenna. Male of H.?parviscutum Hayat & Anis (Russia, Primorskiy Krai, Ussuriysk District, Gornotayozhnoye, 43°66’N 132º25’E, 200m,1–2.viii.1999, M.V. Michailovskaya) 149, antenna; 150, genitalia; 151, head anterior; 152, mesosoma dorsal.

FIGURES 1–6. Acmopolynema capeyorki S. Triapitsyn & Berezovskiy. Male (Qld, Iron Range, Cape York Pen., 26– 31.v.1971, S.R. Monteith) 1, fore- and hind wings; 2, fore leg; 3, mesosoma dorsal; 4, genitalia dorsal. Female (Qld, 14 km W. by N. Hope Vale, 15.16°S 144.59°E, 7–10.v.1981, I.D. Naumann) 5, head anterior; 6, antenna.

FIGURES 77–82. Palaeoneura spp. Male of P. dei (Girault) (NT, 53 km SSW. Darwin, 12º52’10.5”S 130º35’04.4”E, mango patch, 22–29.ix.1997, M. Hoskins). 77, fore- and hind wings; 78, genitalia lateral. Female of P.dei(same data as above but 25.viii–1.ix.1998) 79, antenna; 80, fore legs. Male of P. sophoniae (Huber), paratype (Hawaii, ex. Sophonia rufofascia) 81, antenna; 82, genitalia dorsal.

FIGURES 247–253. Stephanodes sp. Female (ACT, Piccadilly Circus, 35.22°S 148.48°E, 1240m, i. 1984, J. Lawrence, T. Wier, M.-L. Johnson) 247, antenna. Male (same data as above) 248, fore- and hind wings; 249, fore leg; 250, antenna; 251, genitalia; 252, head anterior; 253, mesosoma lateral.

FIGURES 83–88. Cleruchus spp. Female (ACT, Piccadilly Circus, 1240m, ii.1984, J. Lawrence, T. Weir, M.-L. Johnson) 83, antenna; 84, fore leg. Male (ACT, 3 km E. Piccadilly Circus, Blundells Creek, 850m, 35.22ºS 148.50ºE, viii.1985, J. Lawrence, T. Weir, & M.-L. Johnson) 85, antenna; 86, genitalia ventral. Female of C. (Haplochaeta) sp. (same data as male above) 87, antenna; 88, fore- and hind wings.

FIGURES 30–35. Anagrus spp. Female of A. avalae Soyka (Tas., Hobart, 3.xii.1935, ex. Typhlocyba australis eggs from Nelson, New Zealand) 30, body. Female of Anagrus sp. (Qld, Heathlands, 25.iv–7.vi.1992, T. Mcleod) 31, antenna; 32, fore leg. Male of Anagrus sp. (ACT, City Hill, Canberra, 16.vi.2004, N.Q. Lin) 33, fore- and hind wings; 34, antenna. Male of Anagrus sp. (Qld, Hann River, 20.x–17.xi.1993; P. Zborowski & M. Horak) 35, genitalia dorsal.

FIGURES 47–53. Australomymar spp. Female (NSW, 14 km W. Urbenville, Tooloom Plateau, 28.29°S 152.24°E, 14.ii.1984, I.D. Naumann) 47, fore leg. Male (same data as above) 48, antenna; 49, fore- and hind wings; 50, genitalia lateral. Female (NSW, 2 km S. by W. Monga, 9.xi.1981, I.D. Naumann & J.C. Cardale) 51, antenna; 52, gaster lateral. Male (same data as above) 53, genitalia dorsal.

FIGURES 72–76. Ceratanaphes sp. Female (Qld, 16 km SSE. Musselbrook Camp, 18.44ºS 138.12ºE, 8–18.v.1995, I.D. Naumann) 72, antenna; 73, fore leg. Male (Qld, Musselbrook Camp, 18.36ºS 138.08ºE, 8–21.v.1995, I.D. Naumann) 74, antenna; 75, fore- and hind wings; 76, genitalia ventral.