Colletes lucens Vachal, 1909

Ferrari, Rafael R., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the species of Colletes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Colletinae) found in Chile, Zootaxa 4364 (1), pp. 1-137 : 77-80

Colletes lucens Vachal, 1909

( Figs. 38A–C )

Colletes lucens Vachal, 1909: 57 ; Toro 1986: 122; Moure & Urban 2002: 12; Moure et al. 2007: 683; Montalva & Ruz 2010: 22; Ascher & Pickering 2017.

Lectotype ♀ (examined). {MNHP}. [hereby designated]

Colletes laticeps Friese, 1910: 651 ; Claude-Joseph 1926: 134; Jaffuel & Pirion 1926: 364; Gazzula & Ruiz 1928: 300; Ruiz 1944: 201; Stephen 1954: 163; Roig-Alsina 1991: 259; Moure & Urban 2002: 11; Moure et al. 2007: 683. Synonymy proposed by Toro (1999: 29).

Lectotype ♀ (examined) designated by Moure & Urban (2002: 11). {ZMB}.

Diagnosis. The combination of malar area shorter than basal depth of mandible, mesoscutal pubescence paleyellow, and marginal zones of T1–T5 covered with appressed hairs is sufficient to distinguish C. lucens from all Colletes species found in Chile, except C. rutilans , from which it can be differentiated by the pale-yellow mesoscutal pubescence (mesoscutal pubescence ferruginous in C. rutilans ), and T1 inconspicuously punctate (T1 densely and moderately finely punctate in C. rutilans ).

Redescription. FEMALE ( Figs. 38A, 38C, 38E ): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 7.8–8.8; head width 2.7–2.9; head length 2.1–2.2; intertegular distance 1.9–2.1; forewing length 6.3–6.7.

Colouration: Black except pale-yellow on tibial spurs, proximal half of tarsal claws, marginal zones of T2–T5 and S2–S5. Reddish-brown on distal half of tarsal claws; marked on distal half of mandible. Dark-brown on tegula, vein R of forewing, anterior surface of mid femur, dorsal surface of mid and hind tibiae and tarsi (except distitarsi pale-brown). Pale-brown on wing veins, stigma, dorsal surface of distitarsi.

Structure: Labrum medially concave; concavity margined by lateral ridges. Clypeal mid-longitudinal area neither depressed nor carinate; adjacent lateral area convex; apicomedial ridge absent. Malar area ~0.4x as long as basal depth of mandible (20:49). F1 ~1.3x as long as its apical width (31:24). UID:LID (65:61). Genal area concave behind upper summit of compound eyes in lateral view. Dorsolateral angle of pronotum modified into a spine. Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.4x as long as metanotum (29:68); metapostnotal pits poorlydelimited; posterior transverse carina sinuous and complete. Posteromedial surface of front coxa bearing a short spine (1.1x MOD). Posterior hind tibial spur ciliate. Hind basitarsus ~ 4x longer than broad (45:11). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws ~2.5x as long as inner rami (24:10). Posterolateral area of S6 flat and lacking carina; marginal zone depressed.

Pubescence: Pale-yellow, plumose, erect, moderately long on lateral slopes of clypeus and supraclypeal area, paraocular, frontal and genal (except moderately short behind eye) areas, pronotal lobe, mesoscutum, scutellum, posteroventral surface of front trochanter and femur, ventral surface of mid and hind coxa, ventral margin of mid femur, T1, S1–S2; such hairs long on interantennal and vertexal areas, mesepisternum, metepisternum, metanotum, upper margin of lateral surface of propodeum, ventral surface of hind trochanter. Pale-yellow, erect, moderately long setae on mandible, dorsal surface of tibiae (except suberect on front tibia) and tarsi; such hairs very long on posterior margin of mid and hind basitarsi. Bright-yellow, suberect, very long hairs, which are branched only apically on anterior surface of hind femur and tibia. Pale-orange, suberect, thick setae on ventral surface of mid and hind tarsi; thickest towards distal margin. Discs of T2–T5 with bright-yellow, erect and suberect, short setae (moderately long on T4 and T5); marginal zones covered with pale-yellow appressed hairs. S3–S6 with paleyellow, suberect, moderately short setae; longer and intermingled with plumose hairs on marginal zone.

Surface sculpture: Clypeus sparsely and moderately coarsely punctate on upper 2/3 (except slightly denser and finer on mid-longitudinal area); lower 1/3 longitudinally striate. Malar area with moderately fine punctures; interspaces substrigulate. Supraclypeal area imbricate but somewhat shiny. Paraocular area with moderately fine punctures; punctures crowded below; sparser above; interspaces smooth and shiny throughout. Frontal area densely and moderately coarsely punctate; interspaces rugulose and dull. Vertexal area with minute punctures intermingled with moderately fine ones; interspaces smooth; integument rugose near occipital area. Mesoscutum and scutellum sparsely and moderately finely punctate (except mesoscutal mid-posterior area largely impunctate and scutellar posterior 1/3 punctures crowded). Metanotum punctures crowded and moderately fine. Mesepisternum moderately coarsely and moderately densely punctate; interspaces smooth and shiny. Metepisternum smooth throughout. Lateral surface of propodeum impunctate, smooth and shiny. Upper area of vertical surface of metapostnotum smooth medially. Punctation on metasomal terga inconspicuous. S1–S4 finely

and moderately densely punctate (except sparsely punctate on mid-longitudinal area); densely and moderately coarsely punctate on S5–S6; interspaces imbricate but shiny.

MALE ( Figs. 38B, 38D, 38F ). As in female, except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows:

Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 7.3–7.9; head width 2.8–3.0; head length 2.1–2.2; intertegular distance 2.1–2.3; forewing length 6.8–7.1.

Colouration: Discs of metasomal sterna dark-brown. Marginal zone of S6 pale-yellow.

Structure: Malar area ~0.7x as long as basal depth of mandible (25:36). F1 ~0.9x as long as its apical width (26:30). UID:LID (67:51). Horizontal surface of metapostnotum ~0.5x as long as metanotum (19:37); metapostnotal pits well-delimited. Posteromedial surface of front coxa without spine. Hind basitarsus ~4.4x longer than broad (48:11). Outer rami of hind tarsal claws 2x as long as inner rami (20:10). Marginal zone S6 not depressed. S7, S8 and genital capsule as in Figs. 39A, 39B, 39C , respectively.

Pubescence: Pale-yellow hairs on paraocular area intermingled with black ones. Mesosomal pubescence longer throughout. Marginal zone of T5 without appressed hairs. Marginal zones of S3–S5 predominantly with plumose hairs.

Surface sculpture: Clypeal mid-longitudinal area punctures crowded. Supraclypeal area densely punctate (except impunctate on mid-longitudinal area). Upper area of metepisternum and lateral surface of propodeum rugose. Metasomal terga minutely punctate; sparsest on T1; successively denser towards T6.

Material studied. Primary type specimens: Lectotype ♀ of C. lucens —“CHILE; CONCEPC.; 2.1905; P. HERBST”. “ Colletes ♀; lucens ; Vach.” “MUSEUM PARIS; COLL. J. VACHAL 1911”. “LECTOTYPE”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes lucens ♀; Vachal, 1909; designated R. Ferrari, 2017”. {MNHP}. [hereby designated]. Lectotype ♀ of C. laticeps —“CHILE; CONCEPC.; II 1904; P. HERBST”. “ Colletes ; laticeps ; 1909 Friese det.”. “Type”. “LECTOTYPE; Colletes laticeps ; Friese, 1910; lab. Melo, 2015”. “http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/; 58f9b8”. “Zool. Mus.; Berlin”. {ZMB}.

Secondary type specimen: Paralectotype ♂ of C. lucens — CHILE—Region VIII: Concepción, ii/1905, 1♂, { MNHP}.

Additional specimens: CHILE — Region IV: Panamericana Road km 232.5, (-31.851, -71.514), 75m, 2/ii/ 2016, [L.Packer], 1♂, { PCYU}. Road 5 km 232 , 27/ii/2006, [L.Compagnucci], 1♂, {MACN}. Fray Jorge National Park, (-30.644, -71.657), 211m, 12/xi/2003, [F.Parker], 1♂, {BBSL}. Region Metropolitana: Quilicura, (-33.347, -70.729), 472m, x/1979, [L.Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. Region VI: La Correana , 21/ii/1977, [L.Peña], 2♀♀, {AMNH}; idem, except 16/ii/1977, 2♀♀. Rancagua, (-34.187, -70.768), 505m, 1906, [E.Reed], 1♀, {BBSL}. Region VII: Curicó, (-34.985, -71.258), 203m, 20/ii/1960, [L.Peña], 1♂, { AMNH}. Highway 115 to Laguna del Maule , 4/i/ 2009, [L.Packer], 2♂♂, {PCYU}. Laguna del Teno, (-35.164, -70.530), 2695m, 26/i/2016, [L.Packer], 1♀, {PCYU}. Linares, (-35.847, -71.606), 158m, 9/ii/1976, [H.Toro], 1♀, {PUCV}. Region VIII: E of Antuco, (- 37.345, -71.549), 715m, 3/iii/2013, [Postlethwaite & Monckton], 1♀, {PCYU}. Lanalhue, (-37.909, -73.378), 47m, 19/i/1984, [S.Gutierrez], 1♂, {PUCV}. Las Trancas, (-36.913, -71.500), 1225m, 17/i/1953, [L.Peña], 1♂, {KUNHM}; idem, except i/1987, 4♂♂, {AMNH}. Region IX: Angol, (-36.834, -73.047), 82m, iii/1986, [L.Peña], 1♂, {AMNH}. Loncoche, (-39.369, -72.639), 112m, i/1986, [L.Peña], 2♂♂, {AMNH}. Lonquimay, (-38.725, - 72.601), 111m, xii/1979, [L.Peña], 1♂, {AMNH}. Maite Bajo, (-39.333, -71.503), 495m, 29/i/2016, [L.Packer], 1♀, {PCYU}.

Range. Chile (Regions IV–X). See also Fig. 30C .

Biogeographic distribution. Andean region: Central Chilean sub-region (Coquimban and Santiagan provinces). Subantarctic sub-region (Maule province). Central Chilean species distributed at altitudes of 0–2700m a.s.l.

DNA barcode. Available. BOLD: ADC8390 (1♀2♂♂). Distance from the nearest neighbour ( C. flavipilosus n. sp.): 4.7–5.59%.

Floral hosts. Apiaceae— Eryngium paniculatum Cav. & Dombey ex F. Delaroche (this study). Compositae— Baccharis sp. ( Friese 1910, Toro 1999); Senecio rutaceus Phil. ( Jaffuel & Pirion 1926) .

Comments. Uncommon species distributed in central Chile.

Examination of the lectotypes of C. lucens and C. laticeps confirmed that the latter is a junior synonym of the former, as originally proposed by Toro (1999: 29). This synonymy has been acknowledged also by Ascher & Pickering (2017), but not by Moure & Urban (2002) and Moure et al. (2007). The vast majority of the available information on C. lucens in the literature has originally been attributed to C. laticeps (refer to the synonymy, above).

Figures

FIGURE 30. Geographic distribution by Colletes species. (A) C. gilvus and C. fulvipes; (B) C. murinus and C. kuhlmanni n. sp.; (C) C. mastochila and C. lucens. Scale bars approximately 300 km.

FIGURE 38. Colletes lucens Vachal, 1909.Female: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) face, frontal view; (E) habitus, dorsal view. Male:(B) habitus, lateral view; (D)face, frontal view; (F) habitus, dorsal view.Scale bars = 2mm.

FIGURE 39.Dorsal view of the male terminalia of C. lucens. (A) S7; (B) S8;(C) genital capsule.Scale bars = 1mm.