Promyrmekiaphila clathrata ( Simon 1891 )

Stockman, Amy K. & Bond, And Jason E., 2008, A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae), Zootaxa 1823, pp. 25-41 : 32-38

Promyrmekiaphila clathrata ( Simon 1891)

( Figures 1–4, 6 , 7 , 12, 13 , 25 –32)

Aptostichus clathrata Simon 1891: 318 (female holotype from Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., California, in USMN, examined).

Promyrmekiaphila zebra ( Chamberlin & Ivie 1935) : 3 (female holotype from Palo Alto, California, deposited in AMNH, examined). NEW SYNONYMY

Promyrmekiaphila gertschi Schenkel 1950: 29 (female holotype from Berkeley, California, deposited in NMB, examined by J. Bond 2002). NEW SYNONYMY

Promyrmekiaphila clathratus Bond & Opell 2002: 521 .

Exemplars: Male and female from Hwy 116, 3 mi W of Guerneville, Sonoma Co., California, 38.47858 - 122.99965 [MY0634, MY0635], 28 July 2002 (M. Hedin, P. Paquin, & J. Starrett), deposited in ECU–CAS.

Genbank Accessions: EF542846 –56, EF542858 –928, EF542930 –31, EF542934 –37, EF542939 –55, EF542959 –75, EF542977 –3047, EF543049 –50, EF543053 –56, EF543058 –74, EF543078 –83.

Diagnosis: Males differ from those of P. winnemem by having a dense clump of thickened setae and spines on distal–retrolateral aspect of tibia I (Figs 26, 31), and by ventral–to–retrolateral excavation on proximal third of metatarsus I bordered distally by moderately sized and readily apparent conical apophysis. Females differ from those of P. winnemem by having short, stout, nondescript spermathecae (Figs 29, 30, 33) lacking distinct side branch.

FIGURES 26–33. Promyrmekiaphila clathrata exemplar specimens (ɗ–MY0634, Ψ–MY0635) from Guerneville, Mendocino Co., CA: ɗ left leg I, retrolateral view (26, 31); prolateral view (27, 32); ɗ left pedipalp, prolateral view (28); spermathecae (29, 30, 33).

Male (Exemplar Specimen): Specimen preparation. Leg I, IV left side, and leg I, pedipalp right side removed and stored in vial with specimen; pedipalp left side missing. General coloration. Coloration appears faded. Carapace, chelicerae, and legs dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6). Abdomen brown (10YR 5/3) with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) chevron pattern on dorsum. Spinnerets light yellowish brown (10YR 6/ 4). Cephalothorax. Carapace 5.56 long, 4.70 wide, stout dark brown bristles along fringe. Sternum moderately setose, STRl 2.82, STRw 2.28. Posterior sternal sigilla large, positioned centrally, not contiguous. Anterior sigilla pairs small, oval, marginal. Chelicerae with distinct promarginal tooth row (seven teeth). Labium without cuspules, LBl 0.55, LBw 0.60. Rastellum of four very stout spines. Abdomen. Setose; longer, heavier dark brown setae intermingled with short, fine light brown setae on dorsum. Fine brown setae on ventrum. PLS terminal spigot half length of medial segment, one enlarged spigot visible at tip, two others displaced proximally. Legs. Leg I: 5.30, 2.33, 4.08, 2.75, 1.96. Leg IV: 5.63, 2.08, 4.90, 4.52, 2.50. Tarsi straight; moderate scopulae on tarsal and metatarsal I–IV. Tarsus I with single staggered row of eight trichobothria. Leg I spines (Figs 31, 32): TSp 2; retrolateral distal aspect of tibia with cluster of numerous thickened setae. Metatarsus I with ventral–to–retrolateral excavation on proximal third bordered distally by moderately sized conical protuberance. Pedipalp (right side). Cymbium with eight trichobothria in two rows. PTl 2.25, PTw 0.77, Bl 0.90. Palpal bulb normal, embolus tapering sharply towards tip.

Variation (5): Cl 5.35–6.81, Cw 4.65–5.50, STRl 2.78–3.36, STRw 2.28–3.24, LBl 0.47–0.88, LBw 0.53–0.89; leg I: 5.00–5.80, 2.07–2.52, 3.88–4.60, 2.58–3.52, 1.95–2.28; leg IV: 4.55–5.80, 1.95–2.16, 4.65– 5.35, 4.00–5.00, 2.48–2.64; PTl 1.95–2.56, PTw 0.77–1.08, Bl 0.90–1.31.

Female (Exemplar Specimen): Specimen preparation. Leg III right side, leg IV left side from tibia to tip removed and stored in vial with specimen; legs II, IV right side removed for long-term tissue storage. Coloration. Carapace brown (7.5YR 4/4), chelicerae dark brown (7.5YR 3/3), legs and sternum yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), abdomen brown (10YR 5/3) with very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) thick chevron pattern dorsally, spinnerets light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4). Cephalothorax. Carapace 7.28 long, 5.94 wide, glabrous. Lateral fringe lacks setae. Sternum moderately setose, STRl 4.52, STRw 3.55. Three pairs of sternal sigilla: anterior pairs smaller, oval, marginal; posterior pair large, ovate, mesially positioned but not contiguous. Chelicerae, promarginal tooth row armed with eight teeth. Palpal endites with cuspules (ca. 60) concentrated at inner promargin but extending distally. Labium with one cuspule; LBl 0.86, LBw 0.88. Rastellum of five very stout spines, three on low mound; fringe of short spines along distal promargin extending upward from rastellum. Abdomen. Moderately setose. PLS terminal spigot half length of medial segment, enlarged spigot visible at tip. Legs. Leg I: 5.13, 2.52, 3.76, 2.28, 1.70. Leg IV: 5.00, 2.52, 4.28, 3.72, 1.95. Single staggered row of trichobothria on tarsi I–IV (10 on tarsus I). I & II with moderate scopulae on tarsus and metatarsus. PT3s 16, TB3s 6. Rudimentary metatarsal preening comb at the tarsal–metatarsal joint of leg IV. Spermathecae. Spermathecae with short lateral base. Spermathecal bulb atop a very short, stout stalk.

Variation (5). Cl 6.80–7.84, Cw 5.50–6.88, STRl 3.84–4.52, STRw 3.18–4.04, LBl 0.75–1.04, LBw 0.88–1.38; leg I: 4.60–6.13, 2.40–2.73, 3.09–4.12, 2.07–2.58, 1.42–1.86; leg IV: 4.44–5.20, 2.28–2.96, 3.85– 4.75, 3.28–4.15, 1.75–2.00.

Other material examined: UNITED STATES: CALIFORNIA: Alameda Co: no specific locality [37.692 -122.0957, PR022], 27 Sep 1967 (S. Beebe, SCW), ɗ; Castro Valley [37.6942 -122.0853, PR052–4], 31 Oct 1930, 31 Oct 1938, 18 Mar 1941 (W.M. Pearce, AMNH), ɗ, 4Ψ; Piedmont [37.8244 -122.2306, PR044], 16 Apr 1914 (E.W. Nunenmacher, AMNH), Ψ; Montclair, East Oakland [37.8316 -122.2106, PR020], 25 Oct 1970 (C. Berg, AMNH), ɗ; Claremont Canyon [37.8679 -122.2287, PR051], 15 Jan 1983 (n/ a, AMNH), Ψ; UC Berkeley campus [37.8697 -122.258, PR093], 26 Nov 1976 (M. Bales, AMNH), ɗ; Berkeley [37.8717 -122.2717]: [PR002] Nov1906 ( AMNH), Ψ; [PR004] 30 Aug 1979 (J.B. Fraser, AMNH), ɗ; [PR011] n/a (M. Cazier, AMNH), Ψ; [PR062] 10 Oct 1946 (G. Smith, AMNH), ɗ; Strawberry Creek [37.8746 -122.2365, PR021], 1 Nov 1974 (R.A. Kawin, AMNH), ɗ; Lake del Valle State Rec Area, Campsite #53, 37.57223 -121.69006 [MY03090, 03092], 12 May 2005 (A. A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Palomares Rd, 4.9 mi S of Paloverde Rd, 37.64599 -121.9704 [MY03368–70], 15 Jun 2005 (A. A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, Ψw/eggsac; Redwood Rd, 5.8 mi N of Hwy 580, 37.75529 -122.10184 [MY03365–7], 15 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Skyline Blvd, 3.4 mi N of Joaquin Millar Rd, 37.8344 -122.18515 [MY03362–4], 15 Jun 2005 (A. A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, Ψw/eggsac; Contra Costa Co: Canyon [37.8317 -122.1867, PR056], 11 Aug 1982 (D.G. Denning, AMNH), ɗ; Morgan Territory Rd, 8.5 mi from Marsh Creek Rd, [37.8447 -121.8343, PR040–42, 47, 48] 4–20 Nov 1969 (W.E. Azevedo, SCW), 5Ψ; Orinda [37.8772 - 122.1786, PR038], 12 Jul 1970 (E.I. Schlinger, AMNH), Ψ; San Pablo Ridge below Eureka Peak [37.8832 - 122.2075, PR043, 88], Jul–Aug 1969 (E.I. Schlinger, AMNH), Ψ, Ψw/spiderlings; Kensington District [37.9106 -122.2792, PR024], 4 Nov 1964 (R.L. Langston, AMNH), ɗ; Tilden Regional Park [37.912 - 122.2584, PR057], 7 Nov 1980 (J.B. Fraser, AMNH), ɗ; no specific locality [37.9121 -122.0902, PR031], 25 Mar 1977 (I.A. Bussey & L.S. Vincen, AMNH), Ψ; Briones Regional Park, west entrance [37.9265 - 122.1585, PR039], 7 Feb1972 (M.M. Bentzien, SCW), Ψ; Alhambra Valley [37.9649 -122.1322, PR001], Dec 1929 (n/a, AMNH), ɗ, juv; Morgan Territory Rd, 4.7 mi S of Marsh Creek Rd, 37.85037 -121.84541 [MY03087–9], 12 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Wildcat Canyon Rd, 1.1 mi W of Camino Pablo, 37.89869 -122.22521 [MY03359–61], 15 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Briones Rd, near Bear Creek Rd, 37.96935 -122.15716 [MY03372–4], 15 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Glenn Co: Hwy 162, 0.9 mi E of Stony Creek Crossing, 39.61555 -122.5133 [MY00727, 735, 736, 740, 743], 3 Apr 2003 (M. Hedin, P. Paquin, J. Starrett, ECU – CAS), 5Ψ; Hwy 162, 1.1 mi E of Elk Creek, 39.61513 - 122.51126 [MY03165–8], 20 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, 2 juv; Lake Co: Butts Canyon Rd, 17.4 mi E of Hwy 29, 38.62399 -122.44317 [MY03143–5], 17 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, Ψw/eggsac; Loch Lomand Rd, Seigler Canyon Rd, & Big Canyon Rd JCT, 38.87611 -122.67712 [MY03142], 16 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), juv; Elk Mountain Rd, 5.9 mi N of Hwy 20, 39.21719 -122.93449 [MY03163–4], 19 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Marin Co: Mill Valley [37.9061 -122.5439]: [PR005] 20 May 1969 (P. Enconomon, AMNH), ɗ; [PR078] 28 May 1958 (M. Wausbauer, AMNH), juv; [PR079] 21 Oct 1956 (H.B. Leech, AMNH), juv; [PR085] 7 Jul 1956 (W.J. Gertsch & V. Roth, AMNH), 2Ψ; ridge between San Anselmo & San Rafael [37.9667 -122.5438, PR086], 13 Nov 1976 (L.G. Freihofter, AMNH), ɗ; Point Reyes [38.0014 -122.9958, PR036], 8 Feb 1959 (D.D. Linsdale, AMNH), 4Ψ; 2.4 mi S of Olema [38.0104 -122.7636, PR083], 1 Nov 1953 (V. Roth & R.O. Schuster, AMNH), Ψ; San Geronimo [38.0154 -122.667, PR073, 75, 80–82, 87], 19–27 Sep 1963 (Jean & Wilton Ivie, AMNH), 9Ψ, 2Ψw/spiderlings; Samuel P. Taylor State Park [38.0295 -122.7236, PR084], 8 Jan 1953 (V. Roth & R.O. Schuster, AMNH), ɗ; Inverness, Laurel Rd, 0.7 mi from Francis Drake Blvd, 38.07013 122.8349 [MY02269], 30 Aug 1908 (Starrett, Ballard, Crows,), Ψ; Drake's View Road [38.074 -122.8485, PR050], 16 May 2002 (S. Lew, AMNH), juv; Panoramic Hwy, E of Mt Tamalpais SP Pantoll Campground, btwn Laguna Creek & Fern Creek, 37.91433 -122.58464 [MY03199–202], 26 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψw/eggs, 3juv; N San Pedro Rd at Point San Pedro Rd, 37.99741 -122.45714 [MY03354–6], 15 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Sir Francis Drake Rd, 0.1 mi E of Samuel P Taylor SP eastern boundary, 38.00533 -122.7073 [MY03186], 25 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Sir Francis Drake Rd, 1.2 mi W of Samuel P Taylor SP eastern boundary, 38.0069 -122.71163 [MY03187–8], 25 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2 juv; Hwy 1, 0.4 mi S of Sir Francis Drake Blvd/Olema, 38.0361 -122.78357 [MY03189–91], 25 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3juv; Tomales Bay SP entrance, Pierce Point Rd, 38.12314 -122.90067 [MY03192– 3], 25 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, Ψw/eggsac; Angel Island SP, Sunset Trail, 47.8636 -122.4342 [MY03375–7], 16 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Mendocino Co: Anchor Bay [38.8028 - 123.5767, PR065], 28 Jun 1952 (W.J. Gertsch, AMNH), Ψ; Mailliard Redwoods State Reserve, 4 mi W of Rt 128 [38.9059 -123.3306, PR058, 61, 72], 6 Aug 1972 (F. Coyle, AMNH), ɗ, 2Ψ; Mountain View Rd, 20.7 mi W of Hwy 128, 38.95763 -123.61858 [MY03209–11], 27 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Hopland Field Station, [39.0011 -123.088, PR028, 67], 26 Sep 1972, 20 Sep 1973 (M.M. Bentzien, AMNH), 2ɗ; Old Toll Rd/Highland Springs Rd, 1.2 mi W of Sheldon Creek Campground turnoff, or 13.6 mi W of Hwy 175, 38.94166 -123.01546 [MY03154–6], 17 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Mountain House Dr, 1.6 mi S of Hwy 101, 38.94984 -123.10792, MY03160–1], 18 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Old Toll Rd, 1 mi S Hwy 175, 38.95947 -123.05571 [MY03152], 17 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Mountain View Rd, 11.8 mi W of Hwy 128, 38.95998 -123.49644 [MY03212–4], 27 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Hopland Field Station, University Rd, 1.1 mi from JCT w/ Eastside Rd, 38.98818 -123.08213 [MY03021–4], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 4Ψ; Mountain View Rd, 3.3 mi W of Hwy 128, 39.0063 -123.41992 [MY03215–7], 27 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; County Rd 201, 4.2 mi N of Hwy 175 (201 is turnoff for Hopland Field STN, but do not turn onto University Dr), 39.02832 -123.13034 [MY03159], 18 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Orr Springs Rd, 18.2 mi W of Ackerman Creek, 39.23083 -123.4757 [MY03033–5], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Orr Springs Rd, 12.1 mi W of Ackerman Creek, 39.23529 -123.39412 [MY03030–2], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Orr Springs Rd, 24.1 mi W of Ackerman Creek, 39.26095 -123.54851 [MY03036–40], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ, juv; Orr Springs Rd, 30.5 mi W of Ackerman Creek, 39.2732 -123.64715 [MY03042], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Orr Springs Rd, 36.2 mi W of Ackerman Creek, 39.27688 -123.70979 [MY03043, 3045–6], 14 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Hwy 20, 12.8 mi E of Hwy 1, 39.35789 -123.63547 [MY03222–4], 28 May 2005 (Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, Ψw/eggsac, juv; Hwy 20, 22.0 mi E of Hwy 1, 39.35963 -123.50736 [MY03226–8], 28 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Hwy 20, 4.4 mi E of Hwy 1, 39.40488 -123.73406 [MY03219–21], 28 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, Ψw/eggsac, juv; Merced Co: Dinosaur Point Rd, 0.5 mi SE of Hwy 152, 37.06493 -121.21024 [MY03281–3], 7 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Upper Cotton Wood Creek Wildlife Area, N side of Hwy 152 near NW side of San Luis Reservoir, 37.08617 -121.18121 [MY03276–8], 7 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Monterey Co: Cachagua Rd, 0.1 mi from W jct w/ Carmel Valley Rd, 36.44528 -121.68333 [MY00715], 13 Dec 1999 (J. Bond & van der Merwe, AMNH), Ψ; Carmel Valley Rd, 36.45118 -121.69199 [MY03132], 15 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Napa Co: 10 mi S of Monticello [38.4088 -122.2041, PR060], 12 May 1957 (L.M. Smith & R.O. Schuste, AMNH), 4Ψ; 7 mi W of Oakville [38.4091 -122.4594, PR055], 3 Jan1958 (F. Raney & E.O. Schuster, AMNH), juv; Monticello [38.5872 -122.2313, PR059], 22 Feb1938 (E.S. Ross, AMNH), Ψ; Suisan Valley Rd, 7.0 mi SE of Hwy 121, 38.31408 -122.13065 [MY03135–7], 16 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Oakville Grade/Trinity Rd, 8.1 mi E of Hwy 12, 38.41138 -122.4287 [MY03346–8], 14 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Hwy 128, 2.0 mi W of Monticello Dam, 38.49525 -122.12369 [MY03338–41], 13 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 4Ψ; Hwy 128, 7.8 mi W Hwy 121, 38.50469 -122.29505 [MY03343–5], 13 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Petrified Forest Rd & Mountain Home Ranch Rd jct, 38.56964 - 122.62698 [MY03147–9], 17 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Berryessa Knoxville Rd, 38.72353 - 122.26568 [MY03139–41], 16 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; San Benito Co: Panoche Rd/ J1, 24.0 mi E of Hwy 25, 36.61402 -120.95451 [MY03302–4], 9 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Quien Sabe Rd, 2.4 mi E of Santa Anita Rd, 36.81148 -121.24194 [MY03298–9], 8 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Cannon Rd, 0.3 mi S of Anzar Rd, 36.87936 -121.58991 [MY03322–4], 11 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, Ψw/eggsac, juv; San Francisco Co: San Francisco [37.775 -122.4183, PR007], 27 Sep 1969 (R.F. Sternitizky, AMNH), Ψ; San Mateo Co: Alpine Rd, 2.5 mi E of Pescadero Rd, 37.29101 -122.22947 [MY03110–2], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3juv; Sam MacDonald Park, 2 mi S of La Honda, [37.3019 -122.2687, PR037], 17 Oct 1971 (M.M. Bentzien, AMNH), Ψ; Hillsborough [37.5602 -122.35628, PR092], 22 Dec 1972 (B. Thompson, AMNH), Ψ; 0.5 mi E of radio towers, San Bruno Mtn [37.6819 -122.4272, PR014], 17 Jan 1971 (M.M. Bentzien, AMNH), Ψ; Costanos Canyon, NE side of San Bruno Mtn, 37.6992 -122.4214 [MY02271], 22 Aug 2003 (Starrett & Ballard,), Ψ; Gazos Creek Rd, 1.2 mi E of Hwy 1, 37.18209 -122.35065 [MY03118–20], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Portola SP, entrance road, 0.2 mi from 1st fee station, 37.25583 -122.21896 [MY03104–6], 13 Mar 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Tunitas Creek Rd & Lobitos Creek Rd JCT, 37.37937 -122.37457 [MY03117], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Skyline Blvd/Hwy 35, 11.8 mi N of La Honda Rd, 37.4182 -122.31928 [MY03113–5], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Hwy 35, 8.3 mi N of Hwy 84, near Purisima Creek Redwood Preserve, 37.45016 -122.33858 [MY03250–1], 2 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; San Pedro Valley County Park, Plaskon Nature Trail, 37.57791 -122.47524 [MY03244–6], 2 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Santa Clara Co: Montebello Rd, 5 mi SW of Cupertino, 37.2918 -122.0963 [PR003, 71, 89–90], 10 Oct 1977 (W.R. Icenogle, CAS), 3Ψ, Ψw/spiderlings; Montebello Rd [37.293 -122.0971, PR068], 5 Aug 1972 (F. Coyle, AMNH), Ψ; San Jose [37.3394 - 121.8939, PR074], 19 Nov 1954 (J.G. Edwards, AMNH), ɗ; 1 mi E of Alum Rock Park exit [37.4028 - 121.7809, PR013, 15–18], 23 Oct 1970 (E.L. Schlinger & M.M. Ben, AMNH), 2ɗ, 4Ψ, 2Ψw/spiderlings; Palo Alto [37.4419 -122.1419, PR029], 1 Aug 1931 (W.L.J., AMNH), 2ɗ; Palo Alto [37.4419 -122.1419, PR033, 49], 18 Nov 1922 (J.C. Chamberlin, AMNH), 2ɗ; Palo Alto [37.4419 -122.1419, PR035], n/a (n/a, AMNH), ɗ; Canada Rd, SW of Jamison Rd, 37.01569 -121.49001 [MY03468–71], 24 Jan 2006 (A. Stockman & P. Marek, ECU – CAS), 4Ψ; Leavesley Rd, 0.9 mi S of Roop Rd, 37.05034 -121.51101 [MY03285–6], 7 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Leavesley Rd, just E of Roop Rd, 37.05747 -121.51882 [MY03472, 3474–5], 24 Jan 2006 (A. Stockman & P. Marek, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Gilroy Hot Springs Rd, 0.6 mi NE of Canada Rd, 37.07504 -121.46813 [MY03287–9], 7 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Almaden Rd, 1.0 mi E of Hicks Rd, 37.16645 -121.82911 [MY03333–5], 11 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Mt Hamilton Rd/Hwy 130, 3.6 mi E of Quimby Rd, 37.32899 -121.67699 [MY03093–4], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Alum Rock Park, trail near Quail Hollow bridge, 37.39348 -121.81573 [MY03479–80, 3484], 25 Jan 2006 (A. Stockman & P. Marek, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; road to Henry W Coe SP, 3.7 mi E of Hwy 101, 37.15203 -121.58648 [MY02459, 2463], 12 Oct 2003 (M. Hedin & J. Starrett, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Santa Cruz Co: ca. 4.1 mi N of Soquel Center, 36.98806 -121.95556 [MY00638], 27 Jul 2002 (M. Hedin, P. Paquin, J. Starrett,, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Mt Madonna County Park, 37.01167 -121.72083 [MY00717], 15 Dec 1999 (Bond & M. van der Merwe, CAS), Ψ; 3 mi N of Soquel [37.032 -121.9461, PR019, 46], 24 Apr 1970 (E.I. Schlinger, SCW), 2 juv; Ben Lomond [37.0851 -122.122, PR030], 2 Jun 1945 (L.W. Saylor, AMNH), Ψ; Ben Lomond [37.0892 -122.0853, PR032], 6 Jul 1956 (V. Roth, AMNH), Ψ; Big Basin SP [37.185 -122.2173, PR006], 24 Sep 1969 (S. & J. Peck, AMNH), ɗ; Big Basin SP, north entrance [37.1996 -122.1962, PR012], 23 Dec 1953 (V. Roth, AMNH), Ψ; Henry Cowell Redwoods SP, Hwy 9, 1.1 mi S of entrance, 37.03099 -122.06482 [MY03123–5], 15 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Swanton Rd, 3.9 mi from S entrance off Hwy 1, 37.06446 -122.22775 [MY03064–5, 3068], 17 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ, 2 juv; Summit Rd/Hwy 35, 5 mi S of Hwy 17, 37.11104 -121.9117 [MY03126–8], 15 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Big Basin SP, Hihn Hammond Trail, 37.1652 - 122.2395 [MY03254], 3 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), juv; Hwy 236, 1.5 mi S of Big Basin SP, 37.16611 -122.18658 [MY03255], 3 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Bear Creek Rd 6.2 mi E of Hwy 9, 37.17675 -122.06305 [MY03256–7], 4 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Skyline Blvd/Hwy 35, 2 mi S of Hwy 9, 37.27829 -122.14957 [MY03101–3], 13 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Soquel/ Old San Jose Rd, 4.1 mi N of Soquel Center, 36.9881 -121.9556 [MY02460–1], 10 Oct 2003 (M. Hedin & J. Starrett), 2Ψ; Sonoma Co: Petaluma [38.2325 -122.6356, PR069], 27 Apr 1960 (J.S. Buckett, AMNH), Ψ; Glen Ellen, near Santa Rosa [38.3642 -122.5231, PR008], 17 Aug 1959 (W.J. Gertsch, AMNH), ɗΨ; 1.1 mi S of Occidental [38.3929 -122.9351, PR070], 5 Jul 1958 (W.J. Gertsch & V. Roth, AMNH), Ψ; near Santa Rosa [38.4406 -122.7133, PR034], 26 Aug 1931 (W. Ivie, AMNH), 2Ψ; Hwy 116, 3 mi W of Guerneville, 38.47858 -122.99965 [MY00631, 634–5, 661], 28 Jul 2002 (J. Hedin, P. Paquin, J. Starrett, ECU – CAS), ɗ, 3Ψ; Hwy 116, 1.7 mi W of Guerneville [38.511 -123.0326, PR063], 10 Aug 1967 (F. Coyle, AMNH), 2Ψ; Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve [38.547 -123.0336, PR009–10], 10 Dec 1967 (F. Coyle, AMNH), Ψ, Ψw/spiderlings; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 3.1 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.65377 -123.35532 [MY03008, 3010], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ, juv; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 9 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.67761 -123.27728 [MY03012], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Bohemian Hwy, 8.2 mi S of Hwy 116, 38.4032 -122.9453 [MY03203–5], 26 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Guerneville Rd, E of Guerneville, 38.45173 -122.92455 [MY02989–90], 12 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A.

Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ; Hwy 116, just W of Forestville, 38.47618 -122.92455 [MY02992], 12 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Hwy 1, 0.5 mi S of Ft Ross Rd, 38.51702 - 123.24173 [MY03206–8], 27 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Ft Ross Rd, 6.7 mi E of Meyers Grade Rd, 38.53527 -123.12543 [MY02998], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Mark West Springs Rd, 4.5 mi E of Old Redwood Hwy, 38.54011 -122.7209 [MY03349–51], 14 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), 3Ψ; Stewarts Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 1.1 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.65138 -123.37967 [MY03005–7], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 2Ψ, juv; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 3.1 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.65377 -123.35532 [MY03009], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Stewarts Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 0.3 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.65479 -123.39313 [MY02999–3004], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 6Ψ; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 14.2 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.66172 -123.22016 [MY03013–6], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 4Ψ; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 19.5 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.6744 -123.14362 [MY03017–20], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), 4Ψ; Stewart Point Skaggs Springs Rd, 9 mi E of Hwy 1, 38.67761 -123.27728 [MY03011], 13 Mar 2005 (J. Bond, A. Stockman, D. Beamer, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Geysers Rd, ca. 14 mi E of Main St/Hwy 101 in Cloverdale, 38.80507 -122.84344 [MY03150–1], 17 May 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, juv; Stanislaus Co: Del Puerto Canyon at N fork of Del Puerto Crk [37.423 -121.3812, PR064], 17 Apr 1982 (M.G. Ramirez, AMNH), juv; Del Puerto Canyon Rd, 1 mi W of I–5 [37.4679 -121.1927, PR066], 24 May 1982 (n/a, AMNH), ɗ; Frank Raines Park, Del Puerto Canyon Rd, 37.41993 -121.37032 [MY03467], 24 Jan 2006 (A. Stockman & P. Marek, ECU – CAS), Ψ; Del Puerto Canyon Rd, 3.7 mi W of I–5, 37.47374 -121.23601 [MY03266, 3269], 6 Jun 2005 (A. Stockman, ECU – CAS), Ψ, juv.

Distribution: Known only from California, west of the Central Valley, from Santa Cruz County in the south to Mendocino and Glenn Counties in the north ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Inferred mtDNA phylogeny for Promyrmekiaphila using Bayesian inference (redrawn from Stockman & Bond, 2007), demarcating the two morphologically distinct species: P. clathrata and P. winnemem sp. nov. Shaded boxes represent six ecologically non-interchangeable clades which may potentially be considered for species status sometime in the near future (see Stockman & Bond, 2007).

FIGURE 1 – 3. Promyrmekiaphila clathrata: live specimen in situ (1), burrow closed (2), burrow open (3).

FIGURES 4 – 6. Distribution of Promyrmekiaphila in northern California. Circles represent known localities of P. c l a t h - rata, triangles represent P. winnemem sp. nov. Niche-based distribution models (redrawn from Stockman & Bond, 2007), indicating potentially suitable habitat for each species: P. winnemem (5); P. clathrata (6).

FIGURES 8 – 13. Promyrmekiaphila winnemem sp. nov. female (MY 3053) from Swasey Dr., Shasta Co., CA (8 – 11). Cephalothorax (8, 9, 10); leg I, prolateral aspect (11). Cephalothorax P. clathrata male (PR 067) from Hopland Field Station, Mendocino Co., CA (12, 13).

FIGURES 14 – 25. Promyrmekiaphila winnemem sp. nov. female (MY 3053) from Swasey Dr., Shasta Co., CA (14 – 24): Right palpal endite (14); right chelicerae (15); trichobothrium base, leg I (16); leg I tarsal organ (17); left pedipalp tarsal claw (18); left leg I superior tarsal claw (19); left leg IV superior tarsal claw (20); spinnerets (21); terminal segment of left posterior lateral spinneret (22); spigots on tip of left posterior lateral spinneret (23); left posterior median spinneret (24). Right palpal bulb, prolateral aspect, from a P. clathrata male (PR 067) from Hopland Field Station, Mendocino Co., CA (25).