Paraegidium costalimai Vulcano et al.

Frolov, Andrey V., Akhmetova, Lilia A. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2017, Revision of the South American genus Paraegidium Vulcano et al. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae), Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (17 - 18), pp. 995-1014 : 1006-1009

Paraegidium costalimai Vulcano et al.

( Figures 3 (a–h), 7)

Paraegidium costalimai Vulcano et al., 1966: 256–259 ; Paulian 1984: 91.

Type locality

Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia.

Type material examined

Paratypes. One male at MZUSP labelled ‘ BRASIL Est ° R . Janeiro Col .: DIRINGS/PARATIPO/ Paraegidium costalimai Vulc. Mart. Per. P. Pereira det. 964’. BRAZIL. Pará: three females at MZUSP labelled ‘ Pará Cachimbo X- 959 M . Alvarenga /PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♀ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; three males at MZUSP labelled ‘ Pará Cachimbo X- 959 M . Alvarenga /PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♂ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one male at CMC labelled ‘ Pará Cachimbo X- 959 M . Alvarenga /H . & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll./PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp. nov. ♂ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one female at CMNC labelled ‘ Pará Cachimbo X- 959 M . Alvarenga /H . & A. HOWDEN COLLECTION ex. A. Martinez coll./PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai ♀ V., M. y P. sp. nov. A. Martinez det. 1964’. Rio de Janeiro: one male at MZUSP labelled ‘IEEA/ Itatiaya 700 m . E. do Rio 12- 949 W . Zikán /PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♂ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one female at MZUSP labelled ‘IEEA/ ♀ / Itatiaya 700 m . E. do Rio 12- 949 W . Zikán /PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♀ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one female at MZUSP labelled ‘ Itatiaya 700 m . E. do Rio 12- 949 W . Zikán /ALOTIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♀ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one female at MZUSP labelled ‘ITATIAYA, 700 m . Est. do Rio Brasil 7-12- 951 W . Zikán /PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♀ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’; one male at MZUSP labelled ‘ Rio de Janeiro ( Corcovado ) GB Brasil XI 1959 M . Alvarenga / PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp . nov. ♂ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’. São Paulo: one female at MZUSP labelled ‘ Cantareira . S. Paulo . 2.937/PARATIPO/ Paraegidium castalimai sp. nov. ♀ Vulcano et P . Pereira det . 964’.

Additional material examined

BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasilia, Botanical Garden of Brasilia , 1100 m ., 29–30 November 1971, E .G . Munroe, I . Munroe and E .A. Munroe leg ., one male ( CMNC); 18–19 October 1971, E .G . Munroe, I . Munroe and E .A. Munroe leg ., one male and one female ( CNCI); 23–27 October 1971, E .G . Munroe, I . Munroe and E .A. Munroe leg ., one female ( CNCI); 21 October 1971, E .G . Munroe, I . Munroe and E .A. Munroe leg ., one male and one female ( CNCI); 17–18 October 1971, E .G . Munroe, I . Munroe and E .A. Munroe leg ., one female ( CNCI) . Espírito Santo: Linhares, Sooretama Park, Rio Bonito , one female (Martinez) . Minas Gerais: Lavras, Campus of UFLA, light, November–December 2001, F .Z . Vaz-de-Mello leg ., one male and one female ( CEMT); Viçosa, 19 December 1993, Louzada leg ., two males ( CEMT) . Rio de Janeiro: Rio Grande , one male ( BMNH); Nova Friburgo, 1000 m, January 2002, P . Grossi leg ., four males ( CEMT); Nova Friburgo, December 1993, F .Z . Vaz-de-Mello leg ., one male ( CEMT); October 1996, E J . Grossi leg ., two males and one female ( CEMT); December 2001, P . Grossi leg ., five females ( CEMT); December 1996, P . Grossi and E . Grossi leg ., one male and one female ( CEMT); November 2009, E . Grossi leg ., one female ( CEMT); November 1999, P . Grossi and E . Grossi leg ., one female ( CEMT); October 1998, P . Grossi leg ., one female ( CEMT); November 1997, E . Grossi and P . Grossi leg ., one male ( CEMT); December 2008, C . Grossi leg ., one male and one female ( CEMT); December 1997, Vaz-de-Mello leg ., two males ( CEMT); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima , December 1999, E . Grossi and P . Grossi leg ., one male and two females ( CEMT); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima , 1500 m, 15 December 2005, E . Grossi and P . Grossi leg ., one male and two females ( CEMT); Floresta da Tijuca Parc, Açude da Solidão , 19 February 2009, W . Beiroz leg ., one female ( CEMT); Floresta da Tijuca , 2 November 1957, M . Alvarenga leg ., one male ( CMNC); Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, 16 January 1952, D . Zajciw leg ., one female ( MNRJ); Itatiaia NP, 12.1949, W . Zikán leg ., one male and two females ( MNRJ), one male and one female ( IOCRJ); 12 July 1950, W . Zikán leg ., one male ( MNRJ); 7 December 1951, W . Zikán leg ., two females ( MNRJ); 13 May 1951, W . Zikán leg ., one male ( MNRJ); 2 January 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 23 November 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., three males and one female ( IOCRJ); 25 November 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male and two females ( IOCRJ); 26 November 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 1 January 1943, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 5 February 1945, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 22 December 1939, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 28 November 1933, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); December 1934, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 2 December 1939, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 25 November 1935, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 20 November 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., two males and one female ( IOCRJ); 13 February 1943, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 15 February 1946, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 29 November 1945, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 10 December 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 22 January 1938, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 12 December 1938, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 28 January 1945, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 29 November 1939, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 24 December 1944, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 16 November 1948, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 29 December 1944, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 12 January 1943, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 6 December 1947, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 16 November 1949, J . F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ); 28 December 1949, J .F . Zikán leg ., four males and one female ( IOCRJ); 20 January 1950, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 4 January 1950, J .F . Zikán leg ., one male ( IOCRJ); 5 January 1945, J .F . Zikán leg ., one female ( IOCRJ) .

Diagnosis

P. costalimai is most similar to P. barretoi sp. nov. but can be separated from it by the shape of the parameres: they are slightly longer, bases of parameres are narrower in lateral view ( Figure 3 (f)) and apices are narrower in dorsal view ( Figure 3 (g)). Also all examined specimens of P. costalimai have distinct small lateral teeth on parameres while these teeth are indistinct in P. barretoi sp. nov.

Description

Male ( Figure 3 (a, c–h)).

Colour uniformly dark brown.

Anterior frontoclypeal process relatively long, narrower than head, widely sinuate medially, with symmetric, narrowly rounded, almost angulate lateral lobes ( Figure 3 (a)).

Pronotum almost as wide as elytra, deeply excavated in middle. Lateral pronotal processes depressed, somewhat ridge-shaped, their hind margins with carinae reaching base of pronotum. Pronotum coarsely punctate to rugose except for very apices of lateral pronotal processes. Punctation of anterior part of pronotum sparser than on disc and especially on lateral sides.

Aedeagus with parameres relatively long: ratio phallobase width/paramere width 2.1 ( Figure 3 (f)). Base of parameres relatively wide in lateral view. Endophallus with a group of spinules ( Figure 3 (h)). Apices wide in dorsal view and acute in lateral view ( Figure 3 (g)).

Female differs from male in having a distinct protibial spur, relatively smaller pronotum without processes and excavations, and in the absence of the frontoclypeal process ( Figure 3 (b)).

Variation

Body length of males varied from 5.5 to 9.0 mm, females from 6.0 to 7.5 mm. Pronotal and head armature of the males varied from fully developed as described above to poorly developed ( Figure 3 (c–e)).

Distribution

Paraegidium costalimai is known from relatively large number of localities predominantly in the Atlantic Forest region ( Figure 7 ). The two localities outside the main range, Brasilia and Cachimbo, need further confirmation because may pertain to other species (see below).

Remarks

The rather long type series of P. costalimai is distributed among several museums. We were unable to examine the holotype which is apparently deposited in the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ in Buenos Aires, Argentina, but we examined the topotypical paratypes as well as additional specimens from the same locality (Itatiaia) collected by W. Zikán but which were not studied by Vulcano et al. (1966). All the specimens from the Atlantic Forest region agree with the specimens from Itatiaia and belong to P. costalimai (except for one specimen of P. oliveirai from Corcovado, which was apparently mislabelled). The locality in Brasilia is far from the main range but we failed to find sound morphological differences between this population and the specimens from the Atlantic Forest region, except that the apices of the parameres are somewhat longer and narrower in the former. The series from Brasilia is provisionally identified as of P. costalimai . Although the fauna of the gallery forests in the Brasilia region is known to include some Atlantic Forest elements, further research is needed to eliminate the possibility of the human-induced introduction of this species into this area or that these specimens belong to another, undescribed species. The locality in Cachimbo is still far from the main range of P. costalimai . Vulcano et al. (1966) noted that the specimens from Cachimbo differ from the other specimens they studied in their smaller size and smaller anterior frontoclypeal processes and they suggested that these forms may represent a subspecies of P. costalimai . However, since no additional material, especially the males with fully developed head and pronotal armature, is so far available from this area we follow Vulcano et al. (1966) and putatively identify the specimens from Cachimbo as P. costalimai .

Figures

Figure 3. Paraegidium costalimai male (a, c–h); female (b). Habitus in dorsal view (a, b); pronotum and head (c–e); aedeagus in lateral view (f); parameres in dorsal view (g); endophallus (h).

Figure 7. Paraegidium spp. locality map.