Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus), Vujić & Ståhls & Rojo & Radenković & Šimić, 2008

Vujić, Ante, Ståhls, Gunilla, Rojo, Santos, Radenković, Snežana & Šimić, Smiljka, 2008, Systematics and phylogeny of the tribe Paragini (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on molecular and morphological characters, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 152 (3), pp. 507-536 : 519

SUBGENUS PANDASYOPTHALMUS STUCKENBERG,

1954 STAT. REV.

Type species: Paragus longiventris Loew, 1857 : Öfversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14: 376.

Re-description (based on Stuckenberg, 1954b and Vockeroth, 1986): Small to large species (2.5–7.6 mm) with elongate, narrow abdomen (broader in the female). Male holoptic or with eyes separated by as much as the diameter of one facet. Scutum shining black, covered with pale pilosity. Male genitalia ( Figs 37–42 , 55–65 ) with variable shape of surstylus, hypandrium, lingula and ejaculatory apodeme. Aedeagal apodeme with moderately developed lateral arms ( Figs 79, 81, 83 ). Postgonite plate-like ( Figs 110–112 ). Lateral lobe of aedeagus small to medium sized, anteriorly slightly more protruded than aedeagus ( Figs 66–68 ). Aedeagus medium sized to small ( Figs 92–99 ).

Diagnostic features: Eye uniformly pilose ( Figs 8, 10 ). Scutum shining, finely punctured, without dusted, submedian vittae ( Fig. 17 ). Scutellum with rounded posterior margin, without conspicuous teeth or bristles ( Fig. 20 ). Abdomen elongate, usually narrowed between tergites 2 and 3 ( Figs 26–28, 32–34 ). Tergites 1–2 fused; tergites 3–5 usually not fused, connection between tergites 2 and 3 movable; connections between tergites 3–5 immovable ( Figs 26–28, 32–34 ). Male genitalia: minis small, lateral arms of minis long ( Figs 37, 39, 41 , 64 ); aedeagus ‘amphoralike’ ( Figs 92–99 ).

Figures

Figures 35–42. Epandrium, ventral view (Figs 35,37,39,41); epandrium, ventral view (Figs 36,38,40,42). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 41, 42); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 37, 38); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Figs 39, 40); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Figs 35, 36).

Figures 55–60. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 55–57); hypandrium, ventral view (Figs 58–60). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 57, 60); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 55, 58); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Figs 56, 59).

Figures 61–65. Hypandrium, lateral view (Figs 61,62); hypandrium, ventral view (Fig. 63); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 64); epandrium, ventral view (Fig. 65). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) tibialis (Figs 62, 63, 65); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Figs 61, 64).

Figures 72–83. Aedeagal apodeme, lateral view (Figs 72,74,76,78,80,82); aedeagal apodeme, dorsal view (Figs 73,75,77,79,81,83). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 74, 75); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 78, 79); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 80, 81); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 82, 83); Paragus (Paragus) variabilis (Figs 76, 77); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Figs 72, 73).

Figures 100–112. Ejaculatory apodeme and spermal sac (Figs 100–106); postgonites (Figs 107–112). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 104, 108); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 102, 110); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 103, 111); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) manensis (Fig. 101); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Fig. 112); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Fig. 100); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Fig. 106); Paragus (Paragus) variabilis (Fig. 109); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 105); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 107).

Figures 66–71. Aedeagus complex, lateral view. Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Fig. 70); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 67); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Fig. 66); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) tibialis (Fig. 68); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiollii (Fig. 71); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 69).

Figures 84–99. Aedeagus, ventral view (Figs 84,86,88,90,92,94,96,98); aedeagus, lateral view (Figs 85,87,89,91, 93,95,97,99). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 88, 89); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Figs 94, 95); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 92, 93); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 96, 97); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Figs 98, 99); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiollii (Figs 87, 96); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Figs 84, 85); Paragus (Serratoparagus) crenulatus (Figs 90, 91).

Figures 5–14. Head, lateral view (Figs 5–7); head, anterior view (Figs 8–10); antenna (Figs 10–14). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 5, 8); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 13); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) atratus (Fig. 14); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 7, 10); Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus (Fig. 9); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Fig. 12); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 11); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 6). Names of subgenera according classification proposed in this paper.

Figures 15–22. Scutum, dorsal view (Figs 15–17); scutellum, dorsal view (Figs 18–20); wing (Figs 21,22). Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Fig. 20); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Figs 17, 22); Paragus (Paragus) pecchiolii (Figs 16, 21); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Fig. 19); Paragus (Serratoparagus) auritus (Fig. 15); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 18).

Figures 23–34. Abdomen, male (Figs 23–28,34); abdomen, female (Figs 29–33). Paragus (Afroparagus) borbonicus (Figs 24, 30); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) brachycerus (Fig. 27); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) jozanus (Figs 26, 32); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) atratus (Fig. 28); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) haemorrhous (Fig. 33); Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) longiventris (Fig. 34); Paragus (Paragus) strigatus (Figs 25, 31); Paragus (Serratoparagus) azureus (Fig. 29); Paragus (Serratoparagus) capricorni (Fig. 23).