Scaria hamata ( De Geer, 1773 )

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona, García, Alexander García & Tumbrinck, Josef, 2019, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Scaria Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Batrachideinae), Zootaxa 4675 (1), pp. 1-65 : 36-39

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4675.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0482F873-B09B-4A14-910B-B98A1A20C8BD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5942994

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E79035-FFFE-4D25-ACDD-D927C0D809D0

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Scaria hamata ( De Geer, 1773 )
status

 

Scaria hamata ( De Geer, 1773) View in CoL

Figs. 20 View FIGURE 20 , 21 View FIGURE 21 , 36 View FIGURE 36

Acrydium hamatum De Geer, 1773: 503 View in CoL .

Scaria hamata: Bolívar, 1887: 301 View in CoL .

Type speciment. Neotype (here designated): ♂ BRAZIL, Amazonas , Campus universitário da Universidade Federal do Amazonas ( UFAM), 03.ii.1979, J.A. Rafael leg ( INPA).

Other specimens examined. BRAZIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Campus universitário, 03.ii.1979, J.A. Rafael leg. (2♀ 1♂) ; idem, 28.viii.1979 (1♂) ; idem, 18.xi.1978 (1♂) ; idem, 07.x.1978 (8♀ and 2♂) ; idem, 07.vii.1979 (1♂ 1♀) ; idem, 07.iv.1979 (1♂) ; idem, 02.ix.1978 (1♀) ; idem, 06.i.1979 (5♀ and 1♂) ; idem, 30.ix.1978 (2♀ and 1♂) ; idem, 04.xiii.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 08.ix.1979 (2♀ and 1♂) ; idem, 07.x.1978 (2♀) ; idem, 17.iii.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 12.v.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 03.ii.1979 (1♂) ; idem, 04.xii.1979 (1♂) ; idem, 20.i.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 21.vii.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 17.ii.1979 (2♀) ; idem, 24.ii.1979 (3♂ and 2♀) ; idem, 27.i.1979 (2♂ 1♀) ; idem, 24.iii.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 23.vi.1979 (1♂) ; idem, 21.xii.1978 (1♀) ; idem, 23.ix.1978 (3♀) ; idem, 09.ix.1978 (1♂) ; idem, 10.ii.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 13.i.1979 (1♀) ; idem, 31.viii.1979 (2♀) ; idem, 30.vi.1978 (1♀ and 1♂) ; idem, 28.x.1978 (1♂ and 1♀) ( INPA) . Para , VIII, 1♂ ( ANSP) , Rondonia, Ouro Preto de Oeste , 21-III-1985. M.F. Torres. MPEG 05034785 View Materials 1♀ ( MPEG) . PERU, Huanuco, Tingo Maria , IX-23, X-19-1954, X-28-1946, XI-2-1954, 4♂ ( ANSP) , Huanuco, Marcapata 1♂ ( ANSP) . ECUADOR, Valle del Santiago ( Giglio-Tos, 1898) .

Photographic records. ECUADOR, Pastaza (Westerdujin & Cadena-Castañeda, 2014) 1♂. Zamora-Chinchipe, Río Zamora valley, El Pangui, Maralí; S 3.713300, W 78.551900; 900 meters (Holger Braun) 1♀.

Redescription. Male. Pronotal disc, upper half of lateral lobes of pronotum lime green (in specimens kept in alcohol the coloration changes to brown); face yellowish-green, post-ocular strip present, black as is the thin strip of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the tegmina, wings, thoracic sternites and upper half of the abdominal tergites. Face greenish yellow or greenish white, as are the lower half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum ( Figs. 20A,D View FIGURE 20 ). Head, stout and moderately elongated; eyes globose but not very prominent; frontal costa highly arcuate in lateral view; dorsal carina shorth, usually not reaching the fastigium; lateral carinae blunt and poorly divergent, narrow scutellum ( Fig. 20B View FIGURE 20 ). Pronotum, flat to very lowly tectate, extending beyond the tip of the hind femora ( Figs.20A,D View FIGURE 20 ); anterior spine stout, apically arcuate, highly ascendant; anterior carinae absent; lateral lobes of the pronotum as wide as long, lateral shoulder carinae rounded and slightly prolonged ( Fig. 20C View FIGURE 20 ). Tegmina elongate, slender and with an ellipsoidal, prominent subapical spot ( Fig. 20C View FIGURE 20 ). Legs slender and elongate, fore femora with an obsolete sulcation above; with a minute, acute, external, dorso-apical spinule; mid femora six times longer than wide, with a moderately developed sulcation, internal dorso-apical spine present; hind femora with little developed pre-genicular spine. Abdomen. Subgenital plate longer than wide, narrow and deep in lateral view ( Figs.20 View FIGURE 20 E–G) a little upturned, narrowing to the tip, almost subarcuate ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 ), penultimate sternite with a poorly developed medial prolongation ( Fig. 20F View FIGURE 20 ), cerci of similar thickness in all their length, obliquely truncated at the tip ( Fig. 20G View FIGURE 20 ), epiproct triangular and with a pointed tip ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 ).

Female. Similar to the male in shape and size, though it is somewhat more heavily built ( Figs. 20 View FIGURE 20 A–D). Subgenital plate with a broad, apical emargination; with a low, subtriangulate to subarcuate median lobe ( Fig. 20E View FIGURE 20 ). Ovipositor thin, 2.5 times as long as the subgenital plate. Cerci conical, moderately thickened ( Fig. 20F View FIGURE 20 ).

Variation. This species mostly varies in the general coloration of the body. The greenish color of the pronotum can range from light green to green in a black backdrop, yellowish punctation usually present. In some few specimens these punctations are lacking. Face coloration can range from yellowish green (usual in the examined specimens), to a rarer beige. The apical spine of the median femora varies in its length and extent of acuteness; the female subgenital plate is variable in the depth of apical emargination and in the expression of the median lobe which is very low in some specimens.

Measurements: CFP: 12,6-11,2; PL: 12,1-10,5; PLB: 2-1,7; FF: 2,9-2,1; FL: 2,8-2,6; MFL: 3-2,6; MTL: 3,1- 2,7; HL: 6,6-6,4; HW: 3,1-1,7; HL: 5,8-5,2.

Distribution. Widely distributed in Amazonian Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia.

Comments. This species is often mentioned in literature, but there were always some misgivings regarding ID, as there was no detailed, precise description. This is because in the brief description available until now ( De Geer, 1773; Bolívar, 1887), several species of the genus with a greenish color pattern could be keyed out as S. producta and some newly, herein described species.

Another factor making an objective identification difficult was the absence of the type specimen, for which it became necessary to propose a neotype specimen serving as name bearer of the species, supported by the following reasons (Art. 75 ICZN): 1. The status of the only type specimen is lost, it being deposited in NHRS, but as per visit of Josef Tumbrinck to such collection, it could not be found either by him or by the curators; this specimen was tracked through literature to 1962 in Grant’s specimens, but from then on its deposit location is unknown, because it was not found in the visits made by Daniela Santos or Marcelo Ribero to ANSP (Arts. 75.3.1., 75.3.4.). 2. The type locations of the original type (female) was Surinam, but as specimens of that location were not available, an available male from the nearest possible location with a similar geological horizon was designated (Arts. 75.3.5, 75.3.6). A male is proposed as the name bearer of the species, as this sex holds most of the characters necessary for reliable identification, unlike the female (Recommendation 75A ICZN). 3. A detailed description of the neotype, according to the general idea of the species identity, different from other taxa, ensuring the acknowledgement of the designated specimen, and with a consensus in identifications and wide distribution that characterizes the species, procuring that most identifications of the past are correct (Arts. 75.3.2, 75.3.3, 75.3.5; recommendation 75B). 4. The neotype is deposited in INPA, a collection from a renowned scientific institution, which has appropriate facilities to store and preserve the types and makes them accessible for study (Art. 75.3.7).

In Grant’s thesis (1962), the author proposes S. maculata as a synonym under S. hamata , a nomenclatural act proposal (also not deemed as valid as the thesis was never officially published), with which we disagree, as characteristics that wholly differentiate both species as separate specific identities exist and have been noted. In fact, S. maculata is more closely related with S. producta than with S. hamata and similar species of the Hamata Group.

INPA

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia

ANSP

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

MPEG

Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Orthoptera

Family

Tetrigidae

Genus

Scaria

Loc

Scaria hamata ( De Geer, 1773 )

Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello, Silva, Daniela Santos Martins, Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona, García, Alexander García & Tumbrinck, Josef 2019
2019
Loc

Scaria hamata: Bolívar, 1887: 301

Bolivar, I. 1887: 301
1887
Loc

Acrydium hamatum

De Geer, C. 1773: 503
1773
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