Helonoma peruviana (Szlach.) Salazar, Dueñas & Fernández-Alonso

Salazar, Gerardo A., Baquero, Luis, Jiménez, Marco & Patrón, Federico Rizo-, 2022, DNA links Andean tepui endemic Helonoma peruviana to Hapalorchis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthinae), Phytotaxa 574 (1), pp. 61-72 : 69

Helonoma peruviana (Szlach.) Salazar, Dueñas & Fernández-Alonso , Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 33: 178. 2009.

Basionym: Wallnoeferia peruviana Szlachetko , Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 39: 517. 1994.

Type: — PERU. Huánuco: Provincia Pachitea, western part of the Sira Mountains and adjacent lowlands, ca. 24 km SE to ca. 26 km ESE of Puerto Inca, 1000–1350 m, 25 April 1988, B. Wallnöfer 15-25488 (holotype W, drawing!) .

Distribution and habitat: — Helonoma has a disjunct distribution between the Guiana Shield and the Andean tepui region sensu Neill et al. (2014). Helonoma peruviana has been considered as endemic to Peru ( Roque & León 2006; Figure 1 I−J), but it occurs also in Colombia ( Dueñas & Fernández-Alonso 2009; Figure 1 K−L) and Ecuador, being widespread in the Andean tepui region ( Figure 4 ). Our map was based on the verified specimens listed below. Plants of Helonoma live on moss cushions in shady, wet places with shrubby vegetation along ridges and on tepui (table mountain) tops, from ca. 1000 to 2600 m elevation.

Additional specimens examined: — COLOMBIA. Putumayo: Municipio Mocoa, El Churumbelo, vereda El Zarzal , costado derecho de la Quebrada Dantayaco, 840 m, 13 June 2002, B.R. Ramírez, D. Macías & E. Muñoz 15.520 (COL 490216!) . ECUADOR. Zamora Chinchipe: Cantón El Pangui, Cordillera del Cóndor, cresta de cuchilla en falda del tepui en la zona del Proyecto Minero Cóndor Mirador , 1504 m, bosque montano bajo a nublado, 18 April 2022, L. Baquero & M. Jiménez 022 (QCNE 260034!) . PERU. Pasco, provincia Oxapampa, distrito Palcazu, Parque Nacional Yanachaga-Chemillén , sector Huancho , 1059 m, bosque primario sobre montañas de elevación media, 22 May 2011, R. Vázquez et al. 37400 (HOXA 061247!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Helonoma peruviana. A–H, Ecuador: Baquero & Jiménez 022 A. Leaves and peduncle of the inflorescence. B. Raceme from front. C. Raceme from side. D. Flower from side. E. Flower from front. F. Pollinarium from above. G. Labellum from side. H. Column and anther from below. I–J, Peru: Vázquez et al. 37400. I. Pressed plant. J. Close-up of the inflorescence. K–L, Colombia: Ramírez et al. 15.520. K. Pressed plants. L. Close-up of the inflorescence of the right-hand plant.

FIGURE 4. Known distribution of Helonoma peruviana.