Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia

Maia, Valéria Cid & Fernandes, G. Wilson, 2005, A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associated with Waltheria indica L. (Sterculiaceae), Zootaxa 1060, pp. 27-36 : 29-34

Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–19 )

Adult. Body length: 3.0– 3.2 mm in male (n = 5); 4.25–4.95 mm in female (n = 5).

Head ( Figs. 1, 2 ): eye facets circular, closely appressed. Antenna with scape obconic, pedicel globose, male flagellomeres: basal and distal circumfila with loops subequal in length, middle circumfilum with loops shorter and having fewer connections to flagellomere ( Fig.3 ); female flagellomeres each with 2 connected ring­circumfila ( Fig. 4 ); flagellomere necks bare in both sexes, male necks longer than in female, 12th flagellomere elongate and narrow apically in both sexes (shorter in female). Flagellomeres 1 and 2 not connate. Frontoclypeus with 4–8 setae. Labrum long­attenuate with 3 pairs of ventral sensory setae. Hypopharynx of same shape as labrum, with long, anteriorly directed lateral setulae. Labella elongate­convex, each with several lateral setae and 2 or 3 pairs of short mesal sensory setae. Palpus with three setose segments: segment one spheroid, segment 2 cylindrical and 3 claviform.

Thorax: Anepimeron setose, other pleural sclerites asetose. Wing ( Fig. 5 ) length: 2.10–2.25 mm in male (n = 7); 3.05–3.15 mm in female (n = 5). Tarsal claws bowed at midlength, simple; empodium rudimentary (Fig. 6).

Abdomen. Male (Fig. 7): tergites 1–6 rectangular with complete row of caudal setae, several lateral setae, 2 basal trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere with scattered scales. Tergite 7 laterally tapered with setae more abundant mesally and apically and 1 basal pair of trichoid sensilla. Tergite 8 narrower than the preceding, with basal and distal margins irregularly sclerotized, tapered laterally, with 2 trichoid sensilla. Sternites 2–7 rectangular with setae more abundant mesally, 1 complete row of caudal setae and 2 basal trichoid sensilla. Sternite 8 ovoid with several scattered setae and 2 basal trichoid sensilla. Female (Fig. 8): tergites 1–6 as for male. Tergite 7 rectangular with 1 complete row of caudal setae, several lateral setae, 2 basal trichoid sensilla, and elsewhere with scattered scales; tergite 8 with irregular margins and 2 basal trichoid sensilla. Sternites 2–7 similar to those of male. Sternite 8 not sclerotized. Male terminalia ( Fig. 9 ): gonocoxites wide, not splayed, with short mesobasal rounded lobes; gonostylus robust; cercus oval, setose; hypoproct simple or slightly bilobed, much longer than cerci, as long as aedeagus (slightly shorter or slightly longer in some specimens); parameres absent; aedeagus tapering gradually to rounded apex.

Ovipositor protrusible, tapering to apex, striate and setose; cerci elongate­ovoid, separate, setose ( Figs. 10–11 ).

Pupa. Color: brownish. Length: 4.4–4.9 mm (n = 5). Cephalic region ( Fig. 12 ): antennal horn as marginal thickening; cephalic seta short, 0.02–0.03 mm in length (n = 5); frontal horns absent; 2 pairs of frontal papillae (1 pair setose and other without seta); 3 pairs of lateral facial papillae (1 pair setose and other asetose). Upper cephalic margin thickened laterally. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle elongate, attenuate to apex and well developed, 0.21–0.31 mm in length (n = 5) ( Fig. 13 ). Wing sheath reaching distal margin of abdominal segment 3; foreleg sheath reaching distal margin of abdominal segment 4; midleg sheath ending immediately beyond basal margin of abdominal segment 5; hindleg sheath reaching basal ¼ of abdominal segment 5. Abdomen: segments 2–8 with single row of conspicuous dorsal spines; segment 2 with 6–9 spines; segment 3, 7–9; segment 4, 7–8; segments 5 and 6, 5–7; segment 7, 4–6; segment 8, 4–9; and segment 9 without spines ( Fig. 14 ).

Larva. Body elongate, cylindrical, tapered at both ends, widest at thorax ( Fig.15 ). Length: 1.85–3.2 mm (n = 10). Integument rough. Spatula length: 0.12–0.16 mm, spatula with 2 well­developed apical teeth and reduced stalk ( Fig. 16 ). Two groups of 3 lateral papillae per side (2 of each group setose, 1 asetose) ( Fig. 16 ). Terminal segment convex, with 3 pairs of setose terminal papillae ( Fig. 17 ).

Gall. Spherical to conical, with short, light yellow trichomes, one­chambered, on leaves, leaf buds, and inflorescences. Longest axis of galls averaging 3.7 0.6 mm (n = 89) ( Figs. 18, 19 ).

Type material. Holotype male. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Aimorés, VII.2004, J. W. Fernandes leg., MNRJ. Paratypes: same data as holotype 6 males, 5 females, 6 pupal exuviae, 4 pupae, 13 larvae.

Etymology. The species name waltheriae is the genitive of the host­plant generic name.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. 1, Male head, frontal view. 2, Female head, frontal view. 3, Male antennal flagellomere 5. 4, Female antennal flagellomere 5. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 5 8. Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. 5, Female wing. 6, Female midtarsal claw and empodium, lateral view. 7, Male abdominal segment 6 to end, dorsolateral view. 8, Female abdominal segment 6 to end, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 9 – 10. Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. 9, Male terminalia, dorsal view. 10, Female terminalia, lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 11 – 13. Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. 11, Female terminalia, lateral view. 12, Pupa, cephalic region, frontal view. 13, Prothoracic spiracle. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 14 – 17. Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. 14, Terminal segments, dorsal view. 15, Larva, general aspect, dorsal view. 16, Spatula, lateral and sternal papillae. 17, Larva, posterior segments, dorsal view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 18 – 19. Galls of Anisodiplosis waltheriae Maia, sp. nov. on Waltheria indica. 18, Galls on adaxial leaf surface. 19, Galls on inflorescence buds and leaf axis.