Lithosaphonecrus

Melika, George, Ranjith, Avunjikkattu Parambil, Lobato-Vila, Irene, Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2021, A new cynipid inquiline of the genus Lithosaphonecrus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Synergini) from India, with an updated key to all known species, Zootaxa 5060 (1), pp. 124-136 : 132-133

Key to Lithosaphonecrus species

Currently 12 species of Lithosaphonecrus are known, with the herein new described species ( Table 1 ). An identification key to all Lithosaphonecrus is presented below.

1 Frons medially without carinae, although facial striae extend on the lateral area of the frons, reaching the lateral ocelli; POL 3.0x as long as OOL; occipital carina well defined, complete ( Fig. 24 ).................................. L. papuanus

- Frons with few carinae running from toruli to lateral ocelli or with median frontal carina; POL less than 3.0x as long as OOL; occipital carina absent or incomplete ( Fig. 25 ), present only above mid part of occipital foramen...................... 2

2 Posterolateral margin of gena delicately curved ( Figs 27–28 )................................................... 3

- Posterolateral margin of gena strongly angled ( Fig. 29 )....................................................... 8

3 Mesoscutum anteriorly vertically abrupt to pronotum ( Fig. 31 )................................................. 4

- Mesoscutum anteriorly not abrupt vertically, delicately curved till pronotum....................................... 6

4 Gena behind eye much narrower dorsally than ventrally ( Fig. 27 ); parascutal carina extending to tegula level only; syntergite 2+3 with posterior reticulate band, all subsequent terga microreticulate.................................... L. huisuni

- Gena behind eye only slightly narrower dorsally than ventrally ( Figs 28–29 ); parascutal carina extending to notaulus ( Fig. 30 ); syntergite 2+3 with a posterior band of micropunctures, subsequent terga with micropunctures........................ 5

5 Legs yellow, except darker hind coxa; mesoscutum imbricate with weak transverse rugae, median mesoscutal line absent. Males unknown. From bud galls on Lithocarpus thomsonii ........................................... L. mindatus

- Legs brownish, most part of coxae and femora blackish; mesoscutum transversely rugose-carinate, median mesoscutal line in a form of short triangle. F 1 in male incised on outer margin, weakly swollen distally, slightly longer than F2+F3, F2=F3; frons in male densely setose. From bud galls on Castanopsis sp. ........................................ L. vietnamensis

6 Mesosoma black. Torulus in females below mid-height of eye; F 1 in female slightly longer than pedicel ( Fig. 34 ); POL 2.5x as long as OOL; radial cell 3.0x as long as wide, R1 not reaching wing margin, Rs curved ( Fig. 35 ). F 1 in male around 1.5x as long as pedicel ( Fig. 36 )..................................................................... L. arcoverticus

- Mesosoma dark brown. Torulus in females at mid-height of eye; F 1 in females longer, at least 1.3x as long as pedicel; POL 1.6x as long as OOL; radial cell shorter, R1 reaching wing margin, Rs nearly straight. F 1 in male longer.................... 7

7 Head trapezoid ( Fig. 32 ). F2+F 3 in females subequal to F1 ( Fig. 38 ). F 1 in males 2.0x as long as pedicel, last flagellomeres 2.0x as long as broad ( Fig. 40 )..................................................................... L. decarinatus

- Head rounded in frontal view ( Fig. 33 ). F2+F 3 in female 1.3x as long as F1 ( Fig. 37 ). F 1 in males less than 2.0x as long as pedicel, last flagellomeres shorter ( Fig. 39 )....................................................... L. formosanus

8 Parascutal carina extending to tegula only.................................................................. 9

- Parascutal carina extending to notaulus ( Fig. 30 )........................................................... 10

9 Males only. Head and mesosoma black; gena with subparallel striae radiating from malar space and extending behind eye; occiput and postgena smooth, glabrous. F1 2.6x as long as F2 and 1.9x as long as pedicel....................... L. yunnani

- Males and females. Head and/or mesosoma partially brown; gena behind eye alutaceous, subparallel striae radiating from malar space extending only into lower part of gena; occiput and postgena alutaceous to reticulate. F 1 in male 1.9x as long as F2 and 1.5x as long as pedicel; F 1 in female 1.9x as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than F3.......................... L. dakengi

10 POL 1.3x as long as OOL or slightly shorter; postgena setose; transfacial distance 1.2x as long as height of eye; gena along occipital carina coriaceous, without foveae; lower face in male with dense white setae, hidden striae ( Fig. 26 )..... L. edurus

- POL 1.5x as long as OOL; postgena glabrous; transfacial distance equal or shorter than height of eye; gena along occipital carina strongly, transversally carinate, foveolate; lower face in male with sparse setae, irradiating striae distinct, visible... 11

11 Head and mesosoma black; frons with median longitudinal striae running from toruli to central ocellus; clypeus ventrally triangular; radial cell around 3.0x as long as broad; lateral propodeal carinae converging ventrally. F 11 in females less than 2.0x as long as F10; F 1 in males around 2.0x as long as pedicel...................................... L. nagalandi , sp. nov.

- Head and mesosoma reddish to chestnut; frons without median frontal carinae; clypeus ventrally straight; radial cell shorter; lateral propodeal carinae subparallel. F 11 in females more than 2.0x as long as F10; F 1 in males more than 2.0x as long as pedicel.................................................................................. L. puigdemonti

Figures

FIGURES 24–40. Lithosaphonecrus species morphology: 24–25, head, posterior view (arrows mark the occipital carina): 24, L. papuanus, 25, L. puigdemonti. 26, L. edurus, male, head, frontal view. 27–29, head, lateral view (arrows mark the shape of gena): 27, L. huisuni, 28, L. arcoverticus, 29, L. dakengi. 30–31, mesosoma of L. vietnamensis: 30, dorsal view (arrows mark the parascutal carina), 31, lateral view (arrow mark the mesoscutum vertically abrupt to pronotum). 32–33, head, frontal view: 32, L. decarinatus, 33, L. formosanus. 34, first antennomeres of L. arcoverticus, female. 35, radial cell of L. arcoverticus. 36–38, first antennomeres: 36, L. arcoverticus, male; 37, L. formosanus, female, 38, L. decarinatus, female. 39–40, antenna, male: 39, L. formosanus, 40, L. decarinatus [Fig. 24 after Nieves-Aldrey & Butterill (2014), reproduced with permission from copyright holder (granted by Z.-Q. Zhang, Editor in Chief of Zootaxa); Fig. 25 after Pujade-Villar et al. (2020); Fig. 26 after Fang et al. (2020); Figs 27, 29, 33, 37, 39 after Bozsó et al. (2013); Figs 28, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40 after Yang et al. (2019), all reproduced with permission from original authors; Figs 30, 31 after Abe et al. (2014), reproduced with permission from copyright holder (granted by the Copyright Clearance Center from Oxford University Press)].