Phrymaceae

Quang, Bui Hong, Bach, Tran The, Hai, Do Van, Hoan, Duong Thi, Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Han, Le Ngoc & Nuraliev, Maxim S., 2023, Cyrtandromoea grandiflora, a new generic record for Vietnam, and a key to Vietnamese Phrymaceae, Phytotaxa 591 (2), pp. 147-154 : 151-152

Key to the genera and species of Phrymaceae in the flora of Vietnam

Partly based on Hong et al. (1998), Yamazaki (1985, 1990), Bean (1997), Fischer (2004), Barker et al. (2012), Liu et al. (2020).

The genera included in the key are treated within the following tribes:Cyrtandromoeeae ( Cyrtandromoea ), Leucocarpeae ( Erythranthe ), Mimuleae ( Glossostigma , Microcarpaea , Mimulus ), Phrymeae ( Phryma ) ( Stevens 2001 onwards, Liu et al. 2020).

1. Gynoecium pseudomonomerous (ovary unilocular); fruit a 1-seeded achene ............................................ Phryma ( P. leptostachya )

- Gynoecium with both carpels fertile (ovary bilocular); fruit a many-seeded capsule .......................................................................2

2. Suffrutescent perennial herbs; stem erect, sometimes woody at base; inflorescence cymose; corolla usually with 2 raised yellow ridges; stamens 4 .............................................................................................................................. Cyrtandromoea ( C. grandiflora )

- Annual or perennial herbs; stem erect to prostrate; inflorescence racemose (often described as single flowers); corolla various; stamens 2 or 4.....................................................................................................................................................................................3

4. Stem short, with slender creeping stolons arising from leaf axils; flowers subsessile to pedicellate; calyx terete, with 3–4 unequal lobes; stamens 2 or 4 (2 in the Vietnamese species), if stamens 2 than 2 staminodes present............... Glossostigma ( G. diandrum )

- Stem prostrate, rooting at nodes; flowers sessile to subsessile (rarely long pedicellate); calyx terete to 5-ribbed, with 5 equal lobes; stamens 2, staminodes absent ................................................................................................................... Microcarpaea ( M. minima )

5. Leaf venation basal to suprabasal acrodromous; corolla variously coloured (yellow with red spots in the Vietnamese species)....... ................................................................................................................................................................. Erythranthe ( E. nepalensis )

- Leaf venation brochidodromous or basal acrodromous; corolla blue to violet, purplish, light pink to nearly white, or rarely (outside Vietnam) yellow ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 ( Mimulus )

6. Plants floating in ponds and rice fields, with prostrate stem; leaves with distinct petioles; leaf blade orbicular, with entire margin; calyx terete, much shorter than corolla; corolla purple; capsule exserted from calyx ........................................ Mimulus orbicularis

- Plants terrestrial, with erect stem; leaves sessile; leaf blade linear-oblong or oblanceolate, with slightly serrate margin; calyx narrowly winged, ca. 2/3 as long as corolla; corolla white to pale blue; capsule included in calyx......................... Mimulus strictus