Priscula acarite Huber, 2020

Huber, Bernhard A. & Villarreal, Osvaldo, 2020, On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 718, pp. 1-317 : 248-253

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2020.718.1101

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F9E9A91E-488C-4DB1-9361-E788E9AC5BC1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343803

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/633EF73A-111D-4F21-92EC-238E38F65C2E

taxon LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:act:633EF73A-111D-4F21-92EC-238E38F65C2E

treatment provided by

Valdenar

scientific name

Priscula acarite Huber
status

sp. nov.

Priscula acarite Huber View in CoL sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:633EF73A-111D-4F21-92EC-238E38F65C2E

Figs 871–873 View Figs 871–876 , 877–897 View Figs 877–885 View Figs 886–891 View Figs 892–897 , 1026, 1061

Diagnosis

Easily distinguished from known congeners by shapes of procursus ( Figs 886–889 View Figs 886–891 ; distal ventral spine proximally undulating, large prolateral membranous structure), genital bulb ( Figs 892–897 View Figs 892–897 ; distinctive shape of apophysis, with large whitish area on retrolateral-ventral side), and by female internal genitalia ( Fig. 891 View Figs 886–891 ; distinctive transversal sclerite in front of whitish triangular area; pore plates long and narrow, in vertical position). From most species also by ventral process on male palpal femur ( Fig. 879 View Figs 877–885 ; present but smaller in P. salmeronica González-Sponga, 1999 ).

Etymology

The species name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.

Type material

VENEZUELA – Falcón • ♂ holotype, ZFMK (Ar 22107), Sierra de San Luis, E Curimagua, Cuevas de Acarite (11.1737° N, 69.6280° W), 960 m a.s.l., 18 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.) GoogleMaps .

Other material examined

VENEZUELA – Falcón • 7 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, ZFMK (Ar 22108–09), and 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-196), same collection data as for holotype, from same cave and from neighboring caves (11.1716° N, 69.6266°E, 970 m a.s.l.; 11.1706° N, 69.6296°E, 1040 m a.s.l.). – Lara GoogleMaps 3 ♂♂, and 1 ♀ abdomen, ZFMK (Ar 22110), and 2 ♀♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Ven18-197) (one abdomen transferred to ZFMK Ar 22110), between Coro and Barquisimeto, El Rodeo (10.7240° N, 69.3008° W), 400 m a.s.l., 19 Nov. 2018 (B.A. Huber, O. Villarreal M.) GoogleMaps .

Description

Male (holotype)

MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 4.9, carapace width 2.0. Distance PME–PME 220 µm; diameter PME 140 µm; distance PME–ALE 100 µm; diameter AME 25 µm; distance AME–AME 30 µm. ALE and PLE larger than PME (diameter ALE 220 µm). Leg 1: 43.9 (10.9+ 0.8+11.2 +18.5 +2.5), tibia 2: 8.1, tibia 3: 5.9, tibia 4: 7.5; tibia 1 L/d: 59.

COLOR (in ethanol). Carapace pale ochre with light brown radial marks, ocular area slightly orange, clypeus with large brown mark narrowing towards chelicerae; sternum ochre to light brown; legs ochreyellow, with darker rings on femora subdistally and on tibiae proximally and subdistally; abdomen ochre-gray, dorsally and laterally densely covered with large indistinct dark marks and many small distinct white marks; ventrally grey with darker ochre marks in gonopore area and in front of spinnerets.

BODY. Habitus as in Fig. 871 View Figs 871–876 . Ocular area distinctly raised, with hump on posterior side. Deep thoracic groove. Clypeus strongly protruding, with brown mark at rim. Sternum wider than long (1.25/0.95), unmodified. Abdomen higher than long, dorso-posteriorly pointed.

CHELICERAE. As in Fig. 890 View Figs 886–891 , with short entapophyses, pair of short apophyses close to fang joints, without stridulatory ridges.

PALPS. As in Figs 877–879 View Figs 877–885 ; coxa unmodified, trochanter slightly protruding ventrally, femur very large, with unsclerotized retrolateral process proximally, distinctive sclerotized ventral process at half length, and sclerotized protruding ventral rim distally; patella ventrally reduced to strongly sclerotized narrow rim; tibia small relative to femur; procursus ( Figs 886–887 View Figs 886–891 ) with distinctive distal elements: ventral spine proximally undulating, retrolateral-dorsal sclerotized rim, and large prolateral membranous element; genital bulb ( Figs 892–894 View Figs 892–897 ) with small proximal sclerite connecting to tarsus, strong curved

main apophysis with strongly sclerotized transversal ridges on prolateral side, with large whitish area on retrolateral-ventral side.

LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; with more than usual short vertical hairs (but not in high density); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 5%; prolateral trichobothrium present on all leg tibiae; tarsi without distinct pseudosegments but rather with many small platelets.

Male (variation)

Tibia 1 in nine males from type locality (incl. holotype): 9.9–11.2 (mean 10.5); in three males from Lara: 8.7, 9.2, 9.5. Apart from being slightly smaller, males from Lara appear indistinguishable in all relevant aspects (preliminary molecular data show an unusually deep split; J.J. Astrin, B.A. Huber, unpubl. data). Only dark mark ventrally in front of spinnerets apparently consistently larger in males from Lara, and AME slightly more reduced in males from Lara (one male with only one AME lens, two males with black spot but without AME lenses). Large whitish area on genital bulb (asterisk in Fig. 894 View Figs 892–897 ) collapsed in some males (in two males only on one side), giving the bulb a very different appearance (compare Figs 892–894 and 895–897 View Figs 892–897 ); this was observed both in males preserved in 80% ethanol and in males preserved in pure ethanol. One male from type locality with darker (brown) book-lung covers.

Female

In general similar to male ( Fig. 873 View Figs 871–876 ), clypeus rim without brown mark. Some females with pair of tiny AME, some with black spot but without AME lenses, one with only one AME lens. One female without black eye pigment. Tibia 1 in 12 females from type locality: 6.5–8.4 (mean 7.7); in two females from Lara: 5.7, 5.9. Epigynum ( Figs 880, 883 View Figs 877–885 ) large trapezoidal plate, posterior margin with whitish triangular area; internal large arc and smaller arc-shaped transversal sclerite in front of whitish area (arrow in Fig. 891 View Figs 886–891 ) visible through cuticle. Without posterior epigynal plate. Internal genitalia ( Figs 881–882, 884–885 View Figs 877–885 , 891 View Figs 886–891 ) small relative to epigynum; simple partly sclerotized ‘valve’ connected laterally to thick but weakly sclerotized cuticular folds; pore plates long and narrow, in vertical position (above dark arc and thus barely visible in Fig. 891 View Figs 886–891 ).

Distribution

Known from two localities in the Venezuelan states Falcón and Lara (Fig. 1061).

Natural history

At the type locality, the spiders were collected in cave entrances where they were resting in a flat position directly on the rock surface. In Lara, the spiders were found on large rocks along a small creek. They were resting on the rock surface and had domed sheet webs that appeared very small compared to the size of the spider.

ZFMK

Germany, Bonn, Zoologische Forschungsinstitut und Museum "Alexander Koenig"

ZFMK

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Arachnida

Order

Araneae

Family

Pholcidae

Genus

Priscula

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