Anastrepha binodosa Stone, 1942

Norrbom, Allen L. & Korytkowski, Cheslavo A., 2009, A revision of the Anastrepha robusta species group (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2182, Zootaxa 2182 (1), pp. 1-91 : 13-15

Anastrepha binodosa Stone

Figs. 2 , 22–23 , 66 , 110 , 145 , 167

Anastrepha binodosa Stone 1942a: 57 [description, wing, aculeus tip, Brazil: Pará]; Foote 1967: 8 [in catalog]; Steyskal 1977: 6 [in key]; Zucchi 1978: 34; Norrbom 1985: 161 [wing, aculeus tip]; Zucchi et al. 1996: 260 [ Brazil]; Korytkowski 1997: 63 [in key]; Norrbom et al. 1999a: 77 [in catalog]; Norrbom et al. 1999b: 333 [classification]; Zucchi 2000a: 22 [in key]; Zucchi 2000b: 43 [in list]; Silva & Ronchi-Teles 2000: 203 [ Brazil: Amazonia]; Korytkowski 2004: 64 [in key].

[not] Anastrepha binodosa: Carrejo & González 1994: 87 [misidentification].

Diagnosis. This species is very similar to A. rojasi and especially A. miza , which have very similar aculeus tips with two pairs of ridges that project in ventral view as small lateral protuberances. It differs from A. rojasi in having orange to orange brown setae (dark red brown to black in rojasi ) and the hyaline area in cell br large, 1.0–1.5 times as long as the distal colored area of the cell (0.33–0.64 times as long in rojasi ), and from both species in having longer terminalia.

Description. Mostly yellow to orange, with white to pale yellow markings. Setae orange to orange brown.

Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–5 (usually 4) frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, about as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight dorsally and medially. Antenna extended 0.67–0.75 distance to ventral facial margin.

Thorax ( Fig. 2 ): Mostly orange with following areas white or pale yellow (usually poorly differentiated in the dried specimens examined): postpronotal lobe; paired sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including intra-alar seta; entire scutellum; dorsal margin of anepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Scutum orange medially, without pale vitta; posterior margin sometimes with broad dark orange band, with straight anterior margin, not extended beyond acrostichal seta, and ending laterally at sublateral white vitta, not extended to intra-alar seta. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.80–4.37 mm long. Scutum entirely microtrichose; setulae yellow to orange. Katepisternal seta undifferentiated or small, weak, and yellowish.

Wing ( Figs. 22–23 ): Length 9.20–10.50 mm, width 3.90–4.55 mm, ratio 2.29–2.39. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.58–0.63 wing length. Cell c 0.99–1.10 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 4.20–6.03 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 without sharp bends or undulations. Crossvein r-m at 0.68–0.71 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu on vein M. Vein M slightly curved apically; cell r 4+5 1.03–1.22 times as wide at apex as at level of dm-cu. Cell bcu with distal lobe moderately long, length of bcu 1.49–1.54 times as long as anterior margin. Wing pattern mostly orange. C-band with cells bc and c mostly yellowish; pterostigma and distal and posterior margins narrowly pale brown. C-band and S-band narrowly to broadly connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline area in cell br large, reaching vein R 4+5, more elongate anteriorly, 1.0–1.5 times as long as distal colored area of cell; cell dm with basal hyaline area moderate sized. S-band with margins narrowly pale brown, except proximal margin in cell dm orange, posterior margin of basal part broadly pale brown in cells dm and especially cu 1 and with distinct incision in cell cu 1; distal section relatively broad, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.66–0.85 times width of cell r 2+3, slightly broadening in cell r 2+3, well separated from apex of vein M; hyaline area proximal to it ending at vein R 2+3. Hyaline basomarginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular, sometimes with blunt apex, extended to vein R 4+5, its apex aligned proximal to crossvein r-m. V-band complete, mostly pale brown, proximal arm with broad medial orange area from connection with S-band to entire length of dm-cu; broadly connected to Sband in cell r 2+3; proximal arm moderately broad, gradually and slightly broadening posteriorly to vein Cu 1, and with broad basal extension along wing margin, at level of vein M 1.20–1.45 times as wide as distal arm, 0.67–0.87 times as wide as hyaline area proximal to it in cells r 4+5 and dm; distal arm slender.

Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings.

Male terminalia: Similar to A. rojasi ( Figs. 209–210 ). Lateral surstylus very short, extended beyond prensisetae by 0.5 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view tapered to slightly acute apex; in posterior view gradually tapered to blunt apex, ventrolateral margin less produced than in A. rojasi . Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas connected but lateral areas separate dorsally. Phallus 6.83 mm long, 1.80 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.51 mm long.

Female terminalia: Oviscape ( Fig. 2 ) 4.79–5.70 mm long, 1.10–1.36 times as long as mesonotum; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.29–0.32. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 66 ) with 60–70 long slender hooklike dorsobasal scales in 3–4 irregular transverse rows separated from minute basal denticles by several rows of weakly sclerotized to membranous smaller thin more widely spaced scales. Aculeus ( Fig. 110 ) straight to slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 4.28–5.00 mm long; in ventral view base expanded, ca. 0.28 mm wide; shaft ca. 0.09 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Figs. 145 , 167 ) 0.46–0.49 mm long, 0.10 mm wide, 4.64–4.90 times as long as wide, 0.06 mm wide in lateral view, 0.6 times ventral width, in ventral view with 2 pairs of small lateral protuberances, 1 subbasal, the other near distal third, both continuing on dorsal side as weak ridges; parallel-sided until distal protuberances then slightly expanded and gradually tapered to blunt apex, distal 0.24–0.25 very finely serrate, sides of serrate part slightly convex. Spermathecae spherical.

Distribution. Anastrepha binodosa is known only from northern Brazil (Amazonas, Pará). The records from Colombia were based on misidentification.

Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species other than dates of capture of adults are unknown.

Type Data. Holotype female ( BMNH), Brazil: Pará [not examined].

Other specimens examined. BRAZIL: Pará: Belém [as Para], 1931, G. Moinar, 1♂ ( HNHM USNMENT00214871 ) ; Rio Tapajós , [1852, H. W. Bates], 1♀ paratype ( USNM USNMENT00216098 ) ; Santarém , Sep, S. W. Williston Collection, 1♀ paratype ( AMNH USNMENT00104291 ) ; Santarém , Acc. No. 2966, 2♀ ( CMP USNMENT00104292-93 ) 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00216097 ) ; Santarém , May 1919, S. M. Klages, Acc. No. 6324, 1♀ ( CMP USNMENT00671150 ) .

Comments. This species was well described by Stone (1942a) and its identity is not in question. We have examined paratypes. The specimens from Colombia that were reported by Carrejo & González (1994) as A. binodosa are an undetermined species of the dentata group. The aculeus is missing from the female, but its eversible membrane has only minute dorsobasal denticles. The terminalia of the males is typical of the dentata group, with extremely short surstyli and a very short phallus without a glans. Vein M is also more strongly curved distally than in A. binodosa ; in the female cell r 4+5 is 0.78 times as wide at the apex as at the level of dm-cu. The data for these specimens are: Colombia: Valle del Cauca: Municipio Buenaventura, Vereda Bajo

Anchicayá, 4–6 Oct 1996, 1♂ ( MEUV MUSENUV100496 ); Municipio Buenaventura, Corregimiento Cisneros, Vereda Sombrerillo, 6–13 Mar 1994, 1♂ 1♀ ( MEUV MUSENUV100494 ) .

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Habitus female, dorsal: 1, A. bella (composite Panama: Migdalia Fuentes, USNMENT00215485 & holotype); 2, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarém, USNMENT00671150); 3, A. disticrux (holotype); 4, A. concava (composite); bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 18–29. Wings: 18, A. amaryllis (holotype); 19, A. amazonensis (holotype); 20–21, A. bella (Panamá: Cerrro Jefe, USNMENT00215485; Migdalia Fuentes, USNMENT00671176); 22–23, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00216097, USNMENT00671150); 24–26, A. concava (male, Panamá: Arraijan, USNMENT00214860; female, Panamá: Arraijan, USNMENT00214911; female, Bolivia: Agrigento A, USNMENT00212059); 27–28, A. cordata (holotype; Panamá: El Cermeño, USNMENT00104299); 29, A. cryptostrepha (Surinam: Paramaribo, USNMENT00216571).

FIGURES 63–72. Eversible membranes: 63, A. amazonensis (holotype); 64–65, A. bella (Panamá: Migdalia Fuentes, USNMENT 00671175; Altos de Pacora, USNMENT00216156); 66, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00216097); 67, A. concava (Panamá: El Cermeño, USNMENT00104251); 68, A. cordata (Panamá: El Cermeño, USNMENT00104297); 69, A. cryptostrepha (Surinam: Paramaribo, USNMENT00216571); 70, A. disticrux (holotype); 71, A. fenestrata (Brazil: Rio Trombetas, USNMENT00052104); 72, A. fenestrella (Costa Rica: La Selva, USNMENT00104276).

FIGURES 108–130. Aculei (ventral or lateral): 108, A. amazonensis (holotype); 109, A. bella (Panamá: Migdalia Fuentes, USNMENT00671175); 110, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00216097); 111, A. cordata (Guatemala: Poptún, USNMENT00050350); 112, A. cryptostrepha (Surinam: Paramaribo, USNMENT00216571); 113, A. disticrux (holotype); 114, A. fenestrata (Brazil: Rio Trombetas, USNMENT00052104); 115, A. fenestrella (Costa Rica: La Selva, USNMENT00104276); 116–117, A. furcata (Brazil: Manaus, USNMENT00216209); 118–119, A. fuscata (holotype); 120–121, A. isolata (Ecuador: Onkone Gare Camp, USNMENT00054600); 122–123, A. jamaicensis (holotype); 124, A. lambda (holotype); 125, A. miza (Venezuela: Cuchime, USNMENT00214907); 126–127, A. nigra (Panamá: Altos de Pacora, USNMENT00215490); 128–129, A. nigrifascia (Key Largo, USNMENT00216379).

FIGURES 131–148. Aculei (ventral or lateral): 130, A. nigrivittata (holotype); 131, A. partita (holotype); 132–133, A. pittieri (Venezuela: Rancho Grande, USNMENT0052102); 134–136, A. pseudorobusta (holotype; Venezuela: C. Bolivar, USNMENT00216401); 137, A. rafaeli (Brazil: Ilha de Maraca, USNMENT0052106); 138–139, A. robusta (Panamá: El Cermeño, USNMENT00216357); 140, A. rojasi (Costa Rica: Hitoy Cerere, INBio0003033725); 141, A. simulans (Brazil: S. José Pinhais, USNMENT00216238); 142, A. speciosa (Panama: El Cermeño, USNMENT00216291). Aculeus tips: 143, A. amaryllis (lateral; image by J.O. Tigrero); 144, A. amazonensis (holotype); 145, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00104291); 146, A. cryptostrepha (Surinam: Paramaribo, USNMENT00216571); 147, A. fenestrata (Brazil: Rio Trombetas, USNMENT00052104); 148, A. fenestrella (Panamá).

FIGURES 164–185. Aculeus tips (ventral or lateral): 164–165, A. amaryllis (from Tigrero 1998, figs. 82, 81); 166, A. bella (Panamá: Altos de Pacora); 167, A. binodosa (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00216097); 168, A. concava (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00671170); 169–170, A. cordata (Panama: El Cermeño, USNMENT00104297); 171, A. cryptostrepha (Surinam: Paramaribo, USNMENT00216571); 172, A. fenestrella (Panamá: Arraijan, USNMENT00216308); 173–174, A. furcata (ventrolateral, Brazil: Cachoeira Paciencia, from Lima 1937, fig. 17; Brazil: Muritiba, USNMENT00052098); 175, A. lambda (holotype); 176–177, A. nigrifascia (USA: Torch Key, USNMENT00216376; Big Pine Key, USNMENT00216421); 178, A. nigrivittata (holotype); 179, A. pittieri (Venezuela: Rancho Grande, USNMENT00216181); 180, A. pseudorobusta (Venezuela: C. Bolivar, USNMENT00216401); 181, A. robusta (Panamá: El Cermeño, USNMENT00216356); 182–184, A. simulans (holotype, paratype drawings by R.A.Zucchi; Brazil: Tijuca, USNMENT00216398); 185, A. speciosa (from Stone 1942a, fig. 20C); bar = 0.05 mm.

FIGURES 205–210. Male terminalia (epandria and surstyli): 205, A. phaeoptera (lateral, holotype, copied from Lima 1937, fig. 9); 206, A. robusta (lateral, Panama: Arraijan, USNMENT00216447); 207–208, A. pittieri (lateral and posterior, Venezuela: Rancho Grande, USNMENT00216185); 209–210, A. rojasi (lateral and posterior, Panamá: Barro Colorado Is., USNMENT00216154).