Synergus belizinellus Schwéger & Melika, 2015

Schwéger, Szabina, Melika, George, Tang, Chang-Ti, Bihari, Péter, Bozsó, Miklós, Stone, Graham N., Nicholls, James A. & Pénzes, Zsolt, 2015, New species of cynipid inquilines of the genus Synergus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) from the Eastern Palaearctic, Zootaxa 3999 (4), pp. 451-497 : 462-465

Synergus belizinellus Schwéger & Melika , new species

Figs 16–29

Type material. HOLOTYPE female: RUSSIA (RU063) Novonezhino, nr Anisimovka, on Q.mongolica , 2008.09.29., G. Stone, ex Belizinella vicina asex gall. 65 female and 41 male PARATYPES: 21 females and 15 males: RUSSIA (RU063, RU071, RU091, RU402, RU405, RU401, RU400) Novonezhino, nr Anisimovka, on Q.mongolica , 2008.09.29., G. Stone, ex Belizinella vicina asex gall; 2 females and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU081) Smolyaninovo, W of Anisimovka, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.28., G. Stone, ex Belizinella vicina asex gall; 2 females and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU068) Smolyaninovo, W of Anisimovka, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.28., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU378, RU377) Ryazanovka Village, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.25., G. Stone, ex Belizinella gibbera asex. gall; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU150) Ryazanovka Village, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.25., G. Stone, ex Belizinella vicina asex. gall; 4 females and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU468, RU469, RU070) Ryazanovka Village, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.25., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI5, A12; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU075) Ryazanovka Village, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.25., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU170) Ryazanovka Village, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.25., G. Stone, ex Ussuraspis sp. asex. gall; 2 females and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU079) Kraskino, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.26., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU010) Kraskino, nr Vityaz Bay, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.26., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI5, A12; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU089) 160km N of Vityaz Bay, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.24., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU008) Novaya Moskva, on Q. mongolica , 2008.10.0 2., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU3) Primorskij Kraj, Vityaz Bay, Ryasanovka, ex Q. mongolica , 2008.09.25., G. Stone; 1 male: RUSSIA (RU072) Vityaz Bay road to Telyakovskogo Bay, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.27., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU001) Vityaz Bay road to Telyakovskogo Bay, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.27., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI5, A12; 1 female: RUSSIA (RU142) Khazan Lake, nr North Korea border, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.26., G. Stone, ex Belizinella gibbera asex. gall; 2 females and 1 male: RUSSIA (RU011) Khazan Lake, nr North Korea border, on Q. dentata , 2008.09.26., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI5, A12; 4 females and 5 males: RUSSIA (RU006) 10km E of Anisimovka, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.30., G. Stone, ex asex. gall Belizinella vicina ; 2 females and 2 males: RUSSIA (RU080) 90km N of Vityaz Bay, on Q. mongolica , 2008.09.24., G. Stone, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 8 females and 6 males: JAPAN (JP574) Tomakomai Experimental Forest, on Q. crispula , 2008.10.0 7., J. Nicholls, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02; 2 females: JAPAN (JP571) Minami Chitose, on Q. dentata , 2008.10.10., J. Nicholls, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI5, A12; 6 females and 5 males: JAPAN (JP570) Minami Chitose, on Q. crispula , 2008.10.10., J. Nicholls, ex unknown leaf gall, spRUI1, A02.

The female holotype, 55 female and 31 male paratypes are deposited in PHMB, 10 female and 10 male paratypes in USNM.

Etymology. Named after the oak gallwasp genus, Belizinella Kovalev , which from the inquilines were reared.

Diagnosis. According to the phylogenetic reconstruction three species, S. belizinellus , S. ishikarii , S. xialongmeni , fall into one subclade ( Figs 158–159). In S. xialongmeni females and males the head and the mesosoma are always reddish brown ( Figs 134–138 ), scutellar foveae with smooth bottom ( Fig. 143 ), the central propodeal area with one short central carina extending to the half length of the propodeum, while in S. belizinellus and S. ishikarii the head and the mesosoma are black or very dark brown ( Figs 16–19 , 58–61 ), the bottom of scutellar foveae with rugose sculpture ( Figs 26 , 71 ), the central propodeal area with numerous irregular rugae, the central carina extending to 2/3 of the propodeum length or even reaches anterior edge of the propodeum ( Figs 27 , 72 ). In S. xialongmeni and S. ishikarii females the head in frontal view trapezoid, eye 1.8–1.9 times as high as malar space ( Figs 58 , 134 ), POL:OOL:LOL=2.0(2.1):1:1.0(1.2) ( Figs 59 , 135 ), F 1 in female 1.3–1.4 times as long as F2 ( Figs 66 , 139 ) while in S. belizinellus the head of females is more rounded in frontal view, the height of the compound eye only 1.45 times as long as the length of the malar space ( Fig. 16 ), POL:OOL:LOL=2.8:1:1.2 ( Fig. 17 ), F 1 in female nearly equal in length to F2 ( Fig. 22 ).

Description. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma black or very dark brown; antenna light brown, mouthparts, maxillar and labial palps yellowish; legs yellowish to light brown with darker coxae; wings with distinct brown venation; 1st metasomal tergite black, rest of metasoma reddish brown with yellowish hypopygium.

Head coriaceous, covered with dense short whitish setae, with rows of dense setae along inner margins of eyes; postgena with few setae; posterior part along hypostoma with dense setae. Head distinctly narrowed till clypeus, trapezoid, 1.4 times as broad as high in frontal view; slightly broader than mesosoma; 2.2 times as broad as long in dorsal view. Eye 1.6 times as high as length of malar space. Malar sulcus absent, delicate striae radiating from clypeus and reaching eye. Clypeus small, coriaceous, with radiating striae, slightly impressed, ventrally straight, not emarginate; epistomal sulcus indistinct; anterior tentorial pit small and distinct; clypeo-pleurostomal line indistinct. Lower face with distinct striae radiating from clypeus and extending to lower level of toruli and eyes. Transfacial distance 1.1 times as long as height of eye; distance between inner margin of eye and antennal torulus equal to diameter of torulus; diameter of torulus 1.6 times as long as distance between toruli. POL 2.75 times as long as OOL and 2.2 times as long as LOL; OOL 1.25 times as long as length of lateral ocellus. Frons dull rugose, with distinct deep punctures and with two complete strong lateral frontal carinae. Interocellar area elevated, with some strong irregular rugae. Vertex narrow, sculptured, with distinct deep punctures. Occiput sculptured, shiny. Gena not broadened behind eye, invisible in frontal view, coriaceous, setose. Postgenal bridge reduced to long, narrow median strip; postgenal sulci united well before reaching hypostoma; posterior tentorial pit distinct, postocciput well-impressed, smooth. Antenna with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel 1.4 times as long as broad, F1 1.2 times as long as F2 and 2.2 times as long as pedicel; F2 slightly longer than F3, F12 nearly 2.0 times as long as F11.

Mesosoma 1.3 times as long as high in lateral view. Pronotum sharply angled in dorsal view, dull rugose, laterally with strong striae, area between them coriaceous; lateral pronotal carina strong, complete, reaching lateral edge of pronotum. Propleuron alutaceous with some transverse striae in upper and central region. Mesoscutum coriaceous, with white setae, denser between notauli, with interrupted transverse rugae, area between them smooth. Notaulus complete, extending to anterior margin of mesoscutum, uniformly broad and deep, bottom smooth, without sculpture. Anterior parallel lines invisible, hardly traceable. Parapsidal lines narrow, extending to half length of mesoscutum; distinct parascutal carina present along side of mesoscutum, reaches pronotum; median mesoscutal line complete, reaches pronotum, strongly impressed in posterior 1/2–2/3. Dorsoaxillar area finely coriaceous. Mesoscutellum 1.2 times as long as broad in dorsal view, uniformly rugose, laterally rounded, without emargination laterally. Scutellar foveae deep, well-impressed, obliquely ovate with smooth bottom, well-delimited posteriorly from disk of mesoscutellum, separated by distinct median carina. Mesopectus smooth, with parallel longitudinal striae, especially in central and posterodorsal parts. Metapleural sulcus reaches posterior margin of mesopectus in upper 1/3 of its height. Propodeum delicately coriaceous, glabrous, with few short white setae laterally of central propodeal area; lateral propodeal carinae distinct, uniformly thin, straight; central propodeal area delicately coriaceous, glabrous, without or with few short white setae, central longitudinal carina distinct, straight. Metascutellum indistinct, much shorter than ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, with few setae; propodeal spiracle with strong raised carina along anterior border. Nucha with longitudinal parallel rugae.

Fore wing veins pale brown, well traceable; margin with cilia; radial cell close, 2.5 times as long as broad; Rs and R1 straight, areolet present. Legs with short white setae, tarsal claws with distinct basal lobe.

Metasoma only slightly longer than head+mesosoma and slightly longer than high in lateral view. 1st metasomal tergite with longitudinal parallel rugae. Syntergite with few white setae anterolaterally, smooth, glabrous; posterodorsally slightly incised, with small posterodorsal patch of very delicate micropunctures which not extending onto lateral parts; subsequent tergites and hypopygium with delicate micropunctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short and slender, with row of short white setae ventrally. Body length 1.9–2.7 mm (n =15).

MALE. Similar to female but antenna with 13 flagellomeres, F1 expanded apically and very slightly broadened basally, 1.9 times as long as F2. Body length 1.6–2.4 mm (n = 15).

Biology. This species was reared mainly from asexual leaf galls of Belizinella vicina Kovalev ( Fig. 149 ) collected from Q. mongolica Fisch. and also from two morphotypes of undescribed leaf galls (spRUI5, A12, Fig. 152 and spRUI1, A02, Fig. 151 ) collected from Q. dentata and Q. crispula . Adults emerged under laboratory conditions in October-November.

Distribution. Currently known only from Far East Russia, Primorskij Kraj and Japan (Hokkaido).

Figures

FIGURES 16 – 23. Synergus belizinellus, new species, 18 – 21, head, female: 16, frontal view, 17, dorsal view, 18, posterior view, 19, lateral view, 20 – 21, head, male: 20, frontal view, 21, dorsal view. 22 – 23, antenna: 22, female, 23, male.

FIGURES 24 – 29. Synergus belizinellus, new species, female: 24, mesosoma, lateral view, 25, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 26, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 27, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 28, fore wing, part, 29, metasoma, lateral view.

FIGURES 134 – 140. Synergus xialongmeni, 134 – 136, head, female: 134, frontal view, 135, dorsal view, 136, posterior view. 137 – 138, head, male: 137, frontal view, 138, dorsal view. 139 – 140, antenna: 139, female, 140, male.

FIGURES 141 – 144. Synergus xialongmeni, female: 141, mesosoma, lateral view, 142, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 143, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 144, metasoma, part, lateral view.

FIGURES 58 – 67. Synergus ishikarii, new species, 58 – 61, head, female: 58, frontal view, 59, dorsal view, 60, posterior view, 61, lateral view. 62 – 49, head, male: 62, frontal view, 63, dorsal view, 64, posterior view, 65, lateral view. 66 – 67, antenna: 66, female, 67, male.

FIGURES 68 – 75. Synergus ishikarii, new species, 68 – 74, female: 68, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view, 69, mesosoma, lateral view, 70, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 71, mesoscutellum, dorsal view, 72, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 73, metasoma, lateral view, 74, metasoma, part, lateral view. 75, metasoma, lateral view, male.

FIGURES 145 – 157. Host oak galls of newly described Synergus spp.: 145, Andricus kashiwaphilus, asexual gall, 146, A. mukaigawae, asexual gall, 147, A. hakonensis (= A. symbioticus), asexual galls, 148, Trichagalma formosana, asexual galls, 149, Belizinella sp., asexual gall, 150, Ussuraspis sp., asexual gall, 151, undescribed leaf gall (RUl 5), 152, undescribed leaf gall (RUl 1), 153, undescribed acorn gall (JPa 2), 154, undescribed bud gall (JPb 1), 155, undescribed bud gall (JPb 1), 156, undescribed acorn gall (JPa 1) (photos by G. Csóka). 157, undescribed stem swelling-like gall (TWTs 13) (photos by Chang Ti Tang).