Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999

Kim, Chan-Ouk, Hwang, Seul-Ma-Ro & Han, Hak-Seon Lee and Ho-Yeon, 2022, Ten species of the tribe Syrphini (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (3), pp. 208-237 : 229-237

10. Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999

ḚųșèŀdỵỄOi (ljḑ) ( Figs. 3M- S , 6J- L )

Paragus clausseni Mutin and Barkalov, 1999: 374 (type locality - Russia, southern Primorsky Territory, Bla- godatnoye; holotype ♂, IBSS); Sorokina and Cheng, 2007: 12 (in Chinese Paragus Key); Vujić et al., 2008: 535 (in world revision of Paragus ); Sorokina, 2009: 357 (key to species in Russia and adjacent countries); Ȏhara et al., 2014: 487 (in Japanese catalog); Ichige, 2015: 39 (in Japanese Paragus review); Barkalov and Mutin, 2018: 489 (in Russian checklist); Huo in Yang et al., 2020: 127 (in Chinese catalog).

Paragus quadrifasciatus [misidentification]: Han and Choi, 2001: 104 (in Korean checklist); Choi et al., 2018: 47 (in Korean checklist).

Diagnosis. Paragus clausseni can be distinguished from Korean congeners by the following combination of characteristics [modified from Mutin and Barkalov (1999), and Sorokina (2009)]: 1) compound eye with 2 pairs of vertical whitish hairs stripes ( Fig. 3M, Q ); 2) lower facial margin black ( Fig. 3P, S ); 3) medial scutal area with pair of pale yellow to yellowish-white pruinose stripes interrupted at anterior 2/5 ( Fig. 3N, R ); 4) femora basally black, apically brownish yellow ( Fig. 3P, S ); and 5) posterior margin of sternite 4 medially with distinct but short and wide projection ( Fig. 3 O-a).

Description of Korean material. Male. Lengths and ratios: body length 4.9-6.1 mm; wing length 4.1-5.0 mm; head ratio 0.60-0.67; face ratio 0.34-0.37; eye ratio 0.48-0.53; gena-eye ratio (genal height extremely narrow - not measured); antenna-head ratio 0.83-0.86; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 3.14-3.33; arista-antenna ratio 0.46-0.53; wing ratio 2.76-3.04; wing-thorax ratio 2.50-2.70; vein M ratio 1.88-1.94; vein R 4+5 ratio 2.70- 3.14. Head holoptic with distinctly short eye contiguity about 0.1 × as long as vertical triangle ( Fig. 3M, N ); compound eye dark brown with slight purplish tinge, largely with relatively short dark brown hairs, with 2 pairs of vertical whitish hairs stripes ( Fig. 3M ); vertex black, antero-marginally with yellowish pruinosity, anteriorly with black hairs, posteriorly with brownish-yellow hairs (sometimes largely with black hairs but postero-marginally with brownish-yellow hairs); frons yellow to brownish yellow, largely with yellow hairs but anteriorly mixed with some black hairs ( Fig. 3N ); lunule yellow to brownish yellow, bare ( Fig. 3M ); antenna largely dark brown to brownish black except for variably brown baso-ventral area of postpedicel and brown arista ( Fig. 3M ); face largely yellow except for black lower facial margin, with pale yellow to yellow hairs ( Fig. 3M, P ); gena narrow, slightly seen in lateral view, black with yellow and greyish hairs ( Fig. 3P ). Thorax largely blackish, partially with greyish pruinosity, with brownish-yellow to pale yellow hairs ( Fig. 3N ); medial scutal area with pair of pale yellow to yellowish-white pruinose stripes interrupted at anterior 2/5; lateral margins of scutum matte grey (sometimes with slight bluish tinge); scutellum largely black except for brownish-yellow to pale brown medio-posterior margin; pleura blackish, partially with greyish pruinosity ( Fig. 3P ); anterior anepisternum, anterior 1/4-1/3 of posterior anepisternum, dorsomedial anepimeron, posterior anepimeron, meron, anatergite, mediotergite and metasternum bare; katepisternum with separated upper and lower pale yellow hair patches; halter with stem brown to yellow, knob yellow. Legs with caxae black with pale yellow hairs ( Fig. 3P ); trochanters black to brownish black with pale yellow to yellow hairs; femora basally black, apically pale brown to yellow, with yellow hairs; tibiae basally pale yellow to yellow, apically pale brown (hind tibia subapically brownish black), with yellow hairs; tarsi largely brownish yellow to brown except for brownish black first segment of fore and mid tarsi, with yellow to brownish-yellow hairs. Wing largely hyaline with slight pale brownish tinge ( Fig. 3N ); veins pale brown to brownish black; pterostigma pale brown; cell sc before pterostigma yellowish; wing membrane largely covered with microtrichiae except for basal bare areas; upper and lower calypters pale yellow with yellow to brownish yellow marginal hairs. Abdominal tergites unmargined, black ground color with pale yellow to pale brown markings (sometimes apically variably brownish so that abdominal markings may not be well distinguished), with yellow and black hairs ( Fig. 3N ); tergite 1 black with yellow hairs; tergite 2 with pale yellow to yellow transverse subanterior band reaching lateral margins (sometimes separated from lateral margins); tergite 3 antero-marginally with pair of pale yellow to pale brown transverse stripes reaching lateral margins (sometimes stripes slightly fused in middle); tergite 4 antero-laterally with pair of small brownish yellow to pale brown spots reaching lateral margins; tergite 5 largely black except for narrow pale brown to brown lateral margins; sternite 1 largely pale yellow to yellowish grey, bare; sternite 2 similar to sternite 1, but with yellow to brownish-yellow hairs ( Fig. 3O ); sternite 3 largely pale yellow to pale brown except for variably darkened posterior area, with yellow to brownish-yellow hairs; posterior margin of sternite 4 medially with distinct but short and wide projection ( Fig. 3 O-a), brownish black to black (occasionally anteriorly pale brown), with brownish-yellow hairs; sternites 5-8 variably pale brown to brownish black, with brownish-yellow hairs. Male genitalia ( Fig. 3J- L ) with long epandrium about 2.2 × as long as height in lateral view ( Fig. 6K ), dorsal side in lateral view distinctly long comparing to cerci; cerci short about 1/4 as long as epandrium in lateral view; surstylus reversed L-shape in caudal view (basal width about 3 × of apical width when oriented to show broadest area) ( Fig. 3J ), basally with long brownish-yellow hairs, apically with short hairs ( Fig. 3K ); hypandrium with large and complex lingula (large and rounded middle protuberance plus pair of smaller lateral processes ( Fig. 6 J-a, -b, K-a, -b); smaller lateral processes postero-dorsally with pointed hook plus several smaller teeth on inner concave corner ( Fig. 6 J-b, K-b); lateral protuberance of hypandrium slightly shorter than lingula, with rounded apex, and with apico-dorsal serration of several teeth and short hairs ( Fig. 6 K-c); distiphallus short, apico-dorsally pointed, apico-ventrally with numerous spicules ( Fig. 6 L-d); basiphallus distinctly extended posteriorly ( Fig. 6 L-e); pair of lateral lobe of aedeagus large and roughly trapezoidal shape ( Fig. 6 L-f), each with sharply pointed apico-dorsal and apico-ventral spines, dorsally with several teeth sparsely. Female. Similar to male except for the following characteristics. Lengths and ratios: body length 5.6- 6.1 mm; wing length 4.9-5.4 mm; head ratio 0.56-0.59; face ratio 0.36-0.37; eye ratio 0.45-0.48; gena-eye ratio (genal height extremely narrow - not measured); antenna-head ratio 0.91-0.98; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 3.27- 3.57; arista-antenna ratio 0.49-0.53; wing ratio 2.80- 2.83; wing-thorax ratio 2.62-2.78; vein M ratio 2.00- 2.11; vein R 4+5 ratio 2.67-3.00. Head dichoptic with vertex about 0.15 × as wide as head in dorsal view ( Fig. 3R ); frons black, about anterior 1/3 of lateral margins with narrow pale yellow pruinosity interrupted at anteri- or margin, with black and yellow hairs ( Fig. 3Q, R ); face with black vertical facial stripe from lower facial margin to antennal sockets, about 0.3 × as wide as facial width ( Fig. 3Q ). Abdominal tergites: yellowish band on tergite 2 usually separated from lateral margins (occasionally narrowly reaching lateral margins) ( Fig. 3R ); tergite 4 almost entirely black except for narrow brownish yellow lateral margins ( Fig. 3S ); tergite 5 entirely black; sternite 2 largely yellow to brownish yellow except for brownish black antero-lateral margins; sternite 3 largely yellow to brownish yellow except for variably darkened lateral to posterior margins; sternites 4 and 5 blackish with pale yellow to yellow hairs.

Material examined. KOREA: Chungcheongbuk-do: Goesan-gun, Chengcheon-myeon, Sagimak-ri , Gom- nimi-gol, N36°42 ʹ 36.2 ʺ E127°51 ʹ 06.9 ʺ, 27.VI.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ ; Goesan-gun, Cheongcheon-myeon, Sadam-ri , Mt. Baegagsan , N36° 38 ʹ 04 ʺ E127°52 ʹ 39.7 ʺ, 24.VII.2018, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ ( KNA) ; Jecheon-si, Songhak-myeon , 9.VI.2007, H.-Y. Han et al., 4♂ , 1$; Yeongdong-gun, Sangchon-myeon, Goja-ri , Mt. Sambongsan , N35°26 ʹ 50 ʺ E127°40 ʹ 10 ʺ, 3.V.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 25.VI.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ , 1$; Yeongdong-gun, Sangchon-myeon, Gungchon-ri , Chitongma village , N36°06 ʹ 46.8 ʺ E127°57 ʹ 31.9 ʺ, 31.VII.2018, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 2♂ ; Chungcheongnam-do: Cheonan-si, Seong- geo-eup, Cheonheung-ri , 21.V.2006, H.-W. Byun et al., 1♂ , 1$; Gangwon-do: Chuncheon-si, Dongsan-myeon , Bongmyeong-ri , 25.VII.1999, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; Chuncheon-si, Sindong-myeon, Palmi-ri , 4.VI.2006, D.-S. Choi et al., 1♂ ; Donghae-si, Samhwa-dong, Mt. Dutasan , 1.VI.2001, H.-W. Byun, 2$; Donghae-si , Samhwa-dong , Mureung Valley , N37°28 ʹ 02 ʺ E129°01 ʹ 53 ʺ, 20.VII.2010, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, H.-S. Lee, 1 $; ditto, 15.IX.2011, S.-W. Suk et al., 1$; Goseong-gun, Hyeonnae-myeon, Hwagok-ri, 22.V.2008, H.-Y. Han, H.-S. Lee, S.-W. Suk, 1$; Goseong-gun, Hyeonnae-myeon, Myeongho-ri, 21.V.2008, H.-Y. Han, H.-S. Lee, S.-W. Suk, 1$; Hoengseong-gun, Cheongil-myeon, Yupyeong-ri, Seomgang river side, 20.VIII.2002, D.-S. Choi et al., 1♂ , 2$; Hongcheon-gun, Dong-myeon, Worun-ri , N37°38 ʹ 44.9 ʺ E127°55 ʹ 32.6 ʺ, 12.V.2019, S.-S. Euo, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ ( KNA) ; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Bangnae-ri , N37°51 ʹ 11 ʺ E128°16 ʹ 52 ʺ, 9.IX.2016, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, W.-R. Ha, 1♂ ; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Changchon-ri , 9.IX.2007, J.-S. Lim et al., 1$; Jeongseon-gun , Nam-myeon , Yupyeong-ri , Mt. Mindungsan , N37°16 ʹ 10 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 49 ʺ, 24.VI.2005, H.-Y. Han et al., 1 $; ditto, 28.VII.2010, H.-S. Lee, Y.-B. Lee, 1 $; ditto, 4.IX.2010, H.-S. Lee, Y.-B. Lee, 1$; Pyeongchang-gun, Mitan-myeon, Sucheong-ri , N37°18 ʹ 19 ʺ E128°33 ʹ 11 ʺ, 21.IX.2011, S.-W. Suk et al., 1$; Samcheok-si, Geundeok-myeon, Dongmak-ri , N37°18 ʹ 19 ʺ E129°11 ʹ 41 ʺ, 2.V.2011, S.-W. Suk et al., 1♂ ; Samcheok-si, Geunsan-dong, Mt. Geunsan , N37°24 ʹ 48 ʺ E129°08 ʹ 29 ʺ, 6.V.2017, S.-S. Euo et al., 1$; Wonju-si, Gwirae-myeon, Unnam-ri, from Inbeolgol to Mt. Sibjabong , N37°12 ʹ 40 ʺ E127°55 ʹ 50 ʺ, 20.IX.1997, H.-Y. Han, H.- W. Byun, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri , Yonsei Univ. Mirae Campus , N37°17 ʹ 10 ʺ E127°54 ʹ 01 ʺ, 10.VII.1997, H.-W. Byun, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 14.VII.1997, H.-W. Byun, D.-S. Choi, 1 $; ditto, 24.VII.1997, H.-W. Byun, D.-S. Choi, 1 $; ditto, 21.X.1997, H.-W. Byun, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 29.IV.1998, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 25.VI.1999, H.- W. Byun et al., 1 $; ditto, 21.VII.1999, S.-K. Kim, D.- W. Kim, 1 $; ditto, 6.V.2000, D.-S. Choi, 1 $; ditto, 11.IX.2001, D.-S. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 26.IV.2002, D.-S. Choi, H.-S. Lee, 1$( NIBR) ; ditto, 22.VI.2003, O.-Y. Lim, H.-S. Lee, J.-S. Soh, 1♂ ; ditto, 23.VII.2009, D.-J. Cha, Y.-B. Lee, H.-S. Lee, 2 $; ditto, 19.VIII.2009, Y.-B. Lee, H.-S. Lee, 1 $; ditto, 20.VIII.2015, S.-S. Euo et al., 1$( KNA) ; ditto, 2.V.2017, S.-S. Euo, 1♂ ( KNA) ; ditto, 31.V.2018, S.-S. Euo, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ ; ditto, 19.IV.2020, J.-H. Choi, 1$ ( KNA); Wonju-si, Munmak-eup, Bangye-ri , N37°19 ʹ 28.83 ʺ E127°46 ʹ 12.01 ʺ, 20.V.2010, S.-W. Suk, H.-S. Lee, 2$; Yeongwol-gun , Jungdong-myeon , Hwawon-ri , N37°09 ʹ 40.1 ʺ E128°38 ʹ 11.2 ʺ, 29.IX. 2018, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂ , 1$; Yeongwol-gun, Seo-myeon, Ssangyong-ri , 9.VI.2007, H.-Y. Han et al., 2♂ , 3$; Gyeonggi-do: Pocheon-si, Sinbukmyeon, Yami-dong , Mt. Deokryeongsan , 2.VIII.2006, D.-S. Choi et al., 1$; Suwon-si, Gwonsun-gu, Seo- dun-dong, Mt. Yeogisan , 26.VI.2001, H.-W. Byun, 1 $; ditto, 28.VI.2001, H.-W. Byun, 2$; Yeoju-gun, Yeo- ju-eup, Sinjin-ri, Namhangang River side, 20.VIII.2002, D.-S. Choi et al., 1♂ ; Gyeongsangbuk-do: Bonghwagun, Myeongho-myeon, Mt. Cheongnyangsan , 30.VI. 2007, H.-Y. Han et al., 1♂ , 1$; Pohang-si, Buk-gu, Jukjang-myeon , Gasa-ri , N36°11 ʹ 11 ʺ E129°10 ʹ 20 ʺ, 6.V. 2011, S.-W. Suk et al., 1$; Uleung-gun, Is. Uleungdo , 12.VIII.1971, J.-I. Kim, 1 $; Jeollabuk-do, Sunchang-gun, Bokheung-myeon, Hwayang-ri , Mt. Hwagaesan , N35°27 ʹ 42 ʺ E128°54 ʹ 8 ʺ, 12.IX.2021, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂ , 1$; Jeollanam-do: Sinan-gun, Aphae-eup, Songgong-ri , Mt. Songgongsan , N34°51 ʹ 16.08 ʺ E126° 15 ʹ 38.81 ʺ, 11.IX.2021, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 8♂ , 3$; Wando-gun, Wando-eup, Daeya-ri , Sanghwangbong , N34°20 ʹ 41 ʺ E126°41 ʹ 50 ʺ, 22.IV.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, W.-R. Ha, 1 $; ditto, 13.X.2020, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂ .

Distribution. Russian Far East, Korea, China, Japan.

Biology. Unknown.

Remarks. The examined Korean specimens agree well with the original description ( Mutin and Barkalov, 1999). The new Korean name of this species refers to its scien- tific name.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work could not have been possible without the generous assistance from Katsuyoshi Ichige, who provided photographs of several Epistrophe type specimens deposited in HUS and NIAES, and some Japanese Epistrophe aeka specimens. We greatly appreciate Martin Hauser for helping us sorting Korean Paragus species and also donating some Korean Epistrophe specimens. We also thank Ximo Mengual for helpful discussion at the initial stage of this study. We are grateful to Kyung- Eui Ro, Deuk-Soo Choi, Hye-Woo Byun, Sam-Kyu Kim, Hyun-Suk Lee, O-Young Lim, Chan-Hee Park, Sang-Wook Suk, Jong-Su Lim, Dong-Jun Cha, Yong- Bong Lee, Jong-Mi Jung, Dong-Han Kim, Han-Saem Lee, Seung-Su Euo, Soo-Hyun Jeong, Jeong-Hwan Choi, Woon-Ryoung Ha, Min-Hee Park, and Seong-Pil Han for collecting and curating Korean syrphid specimens in YSUW. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201801201, 201902205, 2020 02205, 202102204). This work was also supported in part by a grant from the Korea National Arboretum, Korea Forest Service (KNA 1-1-20, 16-1).

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Submitted: June 8, 2022 Revised: July 20, 2022 Accepted: July 20, 2022

Figures

Fig. 3. A-F.Fagisyrphus cinctus (Fallén, 1817):(A, C) male body, dorsal and lateral view;(B) male abdomen, ventral view; (D) male head, frontal view;(E, F) female body, dorsal and lateral view(F-a: hind margin of wing, about 100× of original figure). G-I. Melangyna olsufjevi (Violovitsh, 1956):(G) male head, frontal view; (H, I) male body, dorsal and lateral view. J-L. Melangyna pavlovskyi(Violovitsh, 1956):(J, L) male body, dorsal and lateral view;(K) male abdomen, dorsal view. M-S. Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999:(M) male head, frontal view; (N, P) male body, dorsal and lateral view; (O) male abdomen, ventral view; (Q) female head, frontal view; (R, S) female body, dorsal and lateral view. Voucher specimen codes: A-C - FagCin_M2; D - FagCin_M1; E, F - FagCin_F1; G - MlnOls_M2; H, I - MlnOls_M1; J-L - MlnPav_M1; M, N, P - PagCla_M1; O - PagCla_M2; Q-S - PagCla_F1.

Fig. 6. Male genitalia. A-C. Fagisyrphus cinctus (Fallén, 1817): (A) caudal view; (B) lateral view; (C) aedeagus, lateral view. D-F. Melangyna olsufjevi (Violovitsh, 1956): (D) caudal view; (E) lateral view; (F) aedeagus, lateral view. G-I. Melangyna pavlovskyi (Violovitsh, 1956):(G) caudal view; (H) lateral view; (I) aedeagus, lateral view. J-L. Paragus clausseni Mutin, 1999: (J) caudal view; (K) lateral view; (L) aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Voucher specimen codes: A-C - FagCin_M2; D-F - MlnOls_M2; G-I - MlnPav_M1; J-L - PagCla_M2.