Eoophyla Swinhoe, 1900

Chen, Fuqiang & Wu, Chunsheng, 2019, A taxonomic review of the genus Eoophyla Swinhoe, 1900 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae) from China, Zoological Systematics 44 (3), pp. 212-239 : 213-215

Eoophyla Swinhoe, 1900

Eoophyla Swinhoe, 1900 , Cat. East. And Aust. Lepid. Heterocera Colln Oxf. Univ. Mus., 2: 442; Speidel, 1984, Neue Ent. Nachrichten, 12: 33; Yoshiyasu, 1987, Microlep. Thai., 1: 160; Speidel & Mey, 1999a, Tijds. v. Ent., 142: 129; Li, You & Wang, 2003, Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 28(2): 295. Type species: Cataclysta peribocalis Walker, 1859 by subsequent designation by Shibuya, 1928, J. F. Agric. Hokkaido imp. Univ., 22: 152.

Diagnosis. The genus can be diagnosed by the incision present below apex. The male genitalia in most cases are distinguished by its specilized setae on apical valva. And the 8th segment of the female genitalia has weakly sclerotized plates on both dorsum and sternum. In China, the species of the genus ( Table 1 ) usually has androconial hairs present in male forewing and one to four eyespots on the outer margin of hindwing. In venation, the genus is different from others by R 1 stalked with R 2+3+ 4 in forewing ( Fig. 1 , same with Strepsinoma and Potamomusa ) and Radius vein not stalked with M 1 beyond the cell in hindwing.

Description. Frons flat; antennae filiform, male with a side projection in base; labial palpi upturned, the first and second segments expanded, the third segment usually slender and pointed; maxillary palpi porrect. Thorax and abdomen usually yellow to brown. Legs and tarsi slender. Wings with yellow to brown fasciae.

On forewing, male with androconial hairs present in cell, arising from upper edge of cell; a longitudinal fascia arising along inner margin; an irregular patch beyond discocellulares, outer edge waved, straight or inversed V-shaped; postmedial fascia band-like or wedge-like; submarginal fascia band-like. On hindwing, antemedial and postmedian fasciae band-like; an incision present below apex; one to four black eyespots present along outer margin, with silvery scales in central or lateral; submarginal fascia band-like.

Venation ( Fig. 1 ). On forewing, R 1 stalked with R 2+3+4; R 2 and R 3+4 stalked; all radius veins and M 1 arising from upper angle of cell; M 2 and M 3 arising from lower angle of cell; Cu 1 near lower angle of cell; Cu 2 before the lower angle of cell. On hindwing, Sc+R 1 and Rs stalked; M 1 from upper angle of cell; M 2 and M 3 stalked or not.

Male genitalia. Uncus slender; ganthos little shorter than uncus, several dorsal teeth present at apex; tegumen with sclerotized dorsal ridge X-shaped or inversed U-shaped; valva covered with dense setae, 1–3 strong specilized setae or a tuft of slender setae present at apex; vinculum broad; saccus round; juxta usually plate-like, bilobed at apex; aedeagus slender, vesica with many minute spines.

Female genitalia. Anal papillae narrow, covered with slender setae; apophysis anterioris and posterioris slender, swollen near base; antrum elongated, collar sclerotized and ringlike; ductus seminalis arising below collar; ductus bursae short, with minute spines; corpus bursae membranous, 1–2 pairs of adjacent signa present, signa consist of dense minute spines.

Biology. The larvae live on the surface of rocks in rapid rivers, make sheet-like nests by spinning the silk. Their head and body are flat and with many plumose gills on lateral side of thoracic and abdominal segments. They feed on attached algae and diatoms on the rocks by using the large and elongate mandibles ( Yoshiyasu, 1987).

Distribution. Oriental, Palaearctic, Australian and African Regions.

Key to species of the genus Eoophyla from China.

1. Outer margin of hindwing with 1 to 3 eyespots ...................................................................................................................................2 Outer margin of hindwing with 4 eyespots (perbocalis group)............................................................................................................ 3

2. Outer margin of hindwing with 1 eyespot ( nigripilosa group)......................................................................................... E. nigripilosa Outer margin of hindwing usually with 3 eyespots, sometimes the lower one reduced ( gibbosalis group) .........................................9

3. Androconial hairs in male covered whole cell from upper edge. Hindwing with a dark fuscous area above submarginal fascia band. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... E. conjunctalis Androconial hairs in male covered part of cell from upper edge. Hindwing without dark fuscous area above submarginal fascia band ............................................................................................................................................................................................................4

4. Eyespots of hindwing with silvery scales present in central ................................................................................................................ 5 Eyespots of hindwing with silvery scales present in lateral ................................................................................................................. 6

5. Forewing fuscous. Androconial hairs in male account for about 1/3 of cell.......................................................................... E. halialis Forewing yellow. Androconial hairs in male account for about 2/3 of cell ........................................................................ E. melanops

6. Female genitalia with a pair of minute signa present at basal corpus bursae, about 1/5 length of corpus bursae................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... E. minisigna sp. nov. Female genitalia with two pairs of well-developed signa.....................................................................................................................7

7. Androconial hairs in male relatively small, account for about 1/4 of cell. Male genitalia with 2 strong specialized setae. Female genitalia with short pair of signa about 1/10 length of corpus bursae, longer pair about 3/5 length of corpus bursae .... E. menglensis Androconial hairs in male relatively large, account for about 2/5 to 1/2 of cell. Male genitalia with 3 strong specialized setae. Female genitalia with shorter pair of signa about 1/5 length of corpus bursae, longer pair about half length of corpus bursae .......................8

8. Androconial hairs in male relatively large, account for about 2/5 of cell. Male genitalia with apex of third specialized seta knifeshaped ...................................................................................................................................................................... E. tenuisa sp. nov. Androconial hairs in male relatively large, account for about 1/2 of cell. Male genitalia with apex of third specialized seta expanded but not knife-shaped............................................................................................................................................................ E. thaiensis

9. Androconial hairs in male covered whole cell from upper edge. Both wing mostly covered with brown scales except white are between postmedial and submargina fasciae in forewing................................................................................................................ E. gibbosalis Androconial hairs in male covered no more than 1/2 of cell from upper edge. Wings generally with several white areas, such as white areas between triangular patch and postmedial fascia, posemedial and submarginal fasciae in forewing, and white are between antemedial and postmedial fasciae in hindwing .................................................................................................................................10

10. Hindwing with two eyespots.............................................................................................................................................................. 11 Hindwing with three eyespots ............................................................................................................................................................12

11. Forewing yellow, hindwing with lower eyespot reduced, smaller than upper one. Male genitalia with two strong specialized present on valva. Female genitalia with two pairs of signa present on corpus bursae ................................................................... E. ochripicta Forewing dark fuscous, hindwing with two eyespots well-developed in equal size. Male genitalia with three strong specialized present on valva. Female genitalia with a pair of signa present on corpus bursae ....................................................................... E. simplicialis

12. Androconial hairs in male absent. Male genitalia with a tuft of specialized setae present on valva.................... E. leiokellula sp. nov. Androconial hairs in male well-developed. Male genitalia with two to three strong specialized setae present on valva ...................13

13. Female genitalia with two pairs of signa present ............................................................................................................................... 14 Female genitalia with a pair of signa or signa completely reduced .................................................................................................... 15

14. Male genitalia with three strong specialized setae about 3/4 length of valva. Female genitalia with shorter pair of signa about 1/6 length of corpus bursae and longer pair of signa about 2/3 length of corpus bursae ............................................................. E. evidens Male genitalia with three strong specialized setae about 1/2 length of valva. Female genitalia with shorter pair of signa abtou 1/5 length of corpus bursae and longer pair of signa about 1/2 length of corpus bursae ....................................................... E. mimeticalis

15. Female genitalia with signa completely reduced.................................................................................................................. E. hamalis Female genitalia with a pair of signa present .....................................................................................................................................16

16. Female genitalia with a shorter pair of signa present at basal corpus bursae, about 1/7 length of corpus bursae...... E. minita sp. nov. Female genitalia with signa longer than 1/2 length of corpus bursae................................................................................................. 17

17. Male genitalia with two specialized setae, about 1/3 length of valva, apex pointed. Female genitalia with signa about 2/3 length of corpus bursae ........................................................................................................................................................... E. clarusa sp. nov. Male genitalia with three specialized setae, about 1/2 to 3/4 length of valva, apex of third seta more or less expanded. Female genitalia with signa about 3/4 to 4/5 length of corpus bursae ........................................................................................................................... 18

18. Androconial hairs in male account for about 1/3 of cell. Male genitalia with specialized setae about 3/4 length of valva, third seta with apex knife-shaped. Female genitalia with signa about 3/4 length of corpus bursae ................................................................... 19 Androconial hairs in male account for about 1/2 of cell. Male genitalia with specialized setae shorter than 3/4 length of valva, third seta with apex slightly expanded. Female genitalia with signa about 4/5 length of corpus bursae ....................................................20

19. Wing span larger, ♂ 28–34 mm (n = 20), ♀ 33–46 mm (n = 78) ............................................................................................ E. sinensis Wing span smaller, ♂ 21 mm (n =1), ♀ 26 mm (n = 1) ............................................................................................ E. ciliensis sp. nov.

20. Male genitalia with first seta little longer than half of another two, second and third setae about 1/2 length of valva .......................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... E. fusca sp. nov. Male genitalia with all three setae about 2/3 length of valva .............................................................................................. E. abstrusa

Figures

Figure 1. Venation of Eoophyla sinensis (Hampson, 1897).