Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares, 1964

Gudin, Filipe M. & Nihei, Silvio S., 2019, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Ormiophasia Townsend, 1919 (Diptera: Tachinidae), with the description of eight new species, Zootaxa 4643 (1), pp. 1-74 : 32-35

Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares, 1964

( Figs 5D , 7D , 9D , 11D , 13D , 21–22 , 39A )

Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares, 1964: 47 (description of male). Holotype male (CEIOC), examined. Type locality: Brazil, Guanabara [state of Rio de Janeiro], Rio de Janeiro, Gávea [neighborhood of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro].

Ormiophasia cruzi: Tavares (1964: 39 , key to species; 48, illustrations of head, abdomen, wing and terminalia); Guimarães (1971: 22; catalog).

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ ( Fig. 22 ): “Prov. Gavea [neighborhood of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, handwriting]/ L.T. [Lauro Travassos] col., 9–933 [1933.09]”/ “ Ormiophasia cruzi / O. Tavares det.”/ “Holotipo” [red label]/ “N. 13.191/ DIPTERA / Inst. Oswaldo Cruz” ( CEIOC).

Additional material examined. Argentina: 1 ♀, Misiones , v.1937, O. Staudinger & Bang-Haas leg. ( CEIOC) . Brazil: 1 ♀, Bahia, Ituberá , 1.vii.2003, Vieira R. leg. ( UEFS) ; 1 ♀, Espírito Santo, Itaunas , Engano Stream, 1944, Travasso & N. Santos leg. ( CEIOC) ; 1 ♀, Pará, Serra Norte , 22.x.1984 [no collector], MPEG DIP 12183743 ( MPEG) ; 1 ♀, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçú , 7.xii.1966, D. Zoo. U.F.P. leg., DZUP 201397 ( DZUP) ; 1 ♀, Paraná, Morretes , IAPAR, 28.vi.1985, C.I.I.F. leg., DZUP 201363 ( DZUP) ; 1 ♀, Paraná, Morretes , IAPAR, 21–27.viii.1984, C.I.I.F. leg., DZUP 201366 ( DZUP) ; 1 ♀, Paraná, São José dos Pinhais, BR 277 [highway] Km 54, 6.iv.1985, C.I.I.F. leg., DZUP 201374 ( DZUP) ; 2 ♀♀, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, xii.1932, L.T. leg. ( CEIOC) ; 1 ♀ [photographed] ( Figs 7D , 13D , 21B, D, F ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, Paineiras , x.1933, L.T. leg. ( CEIOC) ; 1 ♀, Santa Catarina, Rio das Antas, i.1953, Camargo Andr. leg. ( CEIOC) ; 1 ♀, São Paulo, Tamoio [highway], xii.1944, M.P. Barreto leg. ( MZSP) ; 1 ♂ [dissected and photographed] ( Figs 5D , 9D , 11D , 21A, C, E, G ), São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boraceia , 23º38’29”S 45º51’22”W, 21.iv.2012, Gudin et al. leg. ( MZSP) . Panama: 2 ♂♂ [one dissected] , 1 ♀, Coclé, El Valle, 6.i.1954, F.S. Blanton leg. ( USNM) . Paraguay: 1 ♀, Coclé, Pastoreo , 3–6.i.1972 [no collector] ( MZSP) .

Distribution. Argentina (province of Misiones), Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e São Paulo), Panamá (region of Coclé) and Paraguay (region of Caazapá).

Diagnosis. Ormiophasia cruzi can be distinguished from other species of Ormiophasia by fronto-orbital plate with silver pruinosity, clearly contrasting with yellow pruinosity of lower parts of head ( Figs 5D , 7D ); clypeus of same color as frontoclypeal membrane; wing with weak brown infuscation around veins M 1 and dm-cu ( Fig. 21G ); surstylus slender, with posterior outer surface covered with weak setae in upper two-thirds ( Fig. 39A ); and apex of male cerci about 1/3 length of cerci, subquadrate in posterior view and more than 1/2 width of cerci, gradually constricted. Ormiophasia lanei also shares with O. cruzi the shape and color of the head and contrast of pruinosity ( Figs 5F , 7F ). However, the former differs from the latter by clypeus darker than frontoclypeal membrane, wing hyaline ( Fig. 26E ), surstylus strongly inflected ( Fig. 39C ), and apex of male cerci 1/3 width of cerci in posterior view, abruptly constricted.

Redescription of male. Body length 5.33–6.91 mm (mean = 6.05 mm); wing length 5.87–7.13 mm (6.49 mm) (n = 3).

Coloration. Head yellow or silver-pruinose ( Fig. 5D ). Frontal vitta brown. Ocellar triangle dark brown. Frontoorbital plate brownish-yellow to light brown. Lunule brownish-yellow. Antenna yellowish-orange to brownish-orange. Parafacial, gena, facial ridge, face and mouthparts brownish-yellow to light brown. Occiput brown in upper area, becoming brownish-yellow in lower area. Thorax silver-pruinose ( Figs 9D , 11D ). Scutum brown; presutural scutum with three silver-pruinose stripes merged posteriorly after suture. Postpronotal lobe and lateral surface of thorax brownish-yellow to light brown. Scutellum and subscutellum brown. Wing with weak brown infuscation around veins M 1 and dm-cu ( Fig. 21G ). Tegula, basicosta, veins, halter and calypteres brownish-yellow to light brown. Legs brownish-yellow to light brown. Abdomen entirely brownish-yellow or light brown with silver pruinosity.

Head ( Figs 5D , 21A, C ). Elliptic in frontal view; ratio of head height/head width 0.70. Ocelli twice the diameter of dorsal ommatidia. Postocellar setae 2. Frontal vitta entirely obliterated. Frontal setae 7–8, convergent, posterior ones shorter and weaker. Arista bare. First flagellomere twice length of pedicel. Face 1.6 times wider than facial ridge. Facial ridge 2.5 times wider than parafacial.

Thorax. Basisternum 0.82 times as high as wide ( Fig. 21E ); median upper margin rounded and long, subrectangular. Prosternal tympanal membrane 0.69 times as high as wide. Proepimeral setae 2–3, upcurved. Anterodorsal corner of anepisternum with 1 weak seta, about 1/2 length of first notopleural seta; posterior row with 7–8 setae. Meral setae 6–8. Wing. Subequal to body length, three times longer than wide. Basicosta subequal in width to tegula. Base of vein R 4+5 with 3 dorsal and 4 ventral setae. Section of vein M between crossvein dm-cu and M 1 straight. Legs. Fore femur with row of 8–9 dorsal setae from base to apex and row of 11–12 posteroventral setae from base to apex. Fore tibia with row of 2–3 equally-spaced anterodorsal setae and 1 preapical seta. Mid femur with 2–3 posteroventral basal setae. Hind femur with row of 11–12 anterodorsal setae from base to apex and 3–4 anteroventral basal setae. Hind tibia with 1–2 posterodorsal median setae and 1 preapical seta.

Terminalia ( Fig. 39A ). Sternite 5 subtriagular; lateral distal lobes weakly pronounced. Anteroventral epandrial process continuous with ventral epandrial margin. Dorsal surface of epandrium short, posterior margin at same level as anterior margin; lateral ventral margin slightly curved; posterior area articulated to surstylus with open, rounded arch. Surstylus slender, less thick than apex of cerci in lateral view; posterior outer surface covered with weak setae in upper two-thirds. Cerci: basal margin with distinct median projection; apex about 1/3 length of cerci, subquadrate in posterior view, thick and tapered in lateral view; apex more than 1/2 width of cerci in posterior view, gradually constricted; apex with anterior surface U-shaped. Postgonite slightly curved, apex rounded in lateral view.

Description of female. Differs from male as follows. Body length 5.94–7.47 mm (mean = 6.81 mm); wing length 6.27–8.55 mm (mean = 7.69 mm) (n = 10). Head ( Figs 7D , 21B, D ). Frontal vitta twice width of fronto-orbital plate. Fronto-orbital plate with silver pruinosity, clearly contrasting with yellow pruinosity on lower parts of head. Frontal setae 8–9, from lunule to posterior orbital proclinate seta; second or third anteriormost frontal seta stronger and subequal to subvibrissal setae. First flagellomere 2.5 times as long as pedicel. Thorax. Basisternum 0.54 times as high as wide ( Fig. 21F ); median upper margin rounded and long, subtriangular, with broad base. Prosternal tympanal membrane elliptic, 0.79 times as high as wide. Wing 2.8 times longer than wide.

Remarks. The females were associated with the males through body color and head pruinosity. The female of O. cruzi is described for the first time in the present study. In his key, Tavares assigned to O. cruzi a strong infuscation around veins R 2+3, M 1 and dm-cu ( Tavares 1964: 39), which is also present in the illustrations ( Tavares 1964: 48) and mentioned in the original description ( Tavares 1964: 49). This pattern of infuscation could cause some confusion in the identification of O. cruzi , because it is also present in O. morardi , O. seguyi sp. nov., O. buoculus sp. nov. and O. townsendi sp. nov. ( Figs 28G , 32G , 37 G–H). However, this strong infuscation is not present in the holotype of O. cruzi or in any of the additional material examined. Ormiophasia cruzi has only a slight infuscation around veins M 1 and dm-cu ( Fig. 21G ). Furthermore, Tavares (1964) also used the number of proepimeral setae in his key, but this character shows intraspecific variation. Regarding the distribution of O. cruzi , there is a huge gap between southeast South America and Panama. Although there is only one record from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, in Pará, it is likely that O. cruzi could have a continuous distribution from the Atlantic Forest to Panama. The male terminalia of specimens from both extremes are very similar, but the series from Panama is small. The specimens from Central America are usually darker than those from South America. This gap could indicate a mere lack of collecting or the existence of different isolated species with a similar morphology, which is the case of O. morardi / O. buoculus sp. nov. and O. crassivena sp. nov. / O. manguinhos sp. nov. Additional material, especially from Central America and northern South America, is required to clarify this question.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Ormiophasia spp., male heads in frontal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (Séguy) (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Ormiophasia spp., female heads in frontal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, CEIOC). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Pará, MPEG). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia guimaraesi sp. nov. (paratype from Costa Rica, Limón, MNCR). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Ormiophasia spp., male habitus in dorsal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. Ormiophasia spp., male habitus in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Venezuela, Amazonas, MIZA). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia obscura (Séguy) (holotype, MNHN). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. Ormiophasia spp., female habitus in dorsal view. A. Ormiophasia busckii Townsend (specimen from Panama, Barro Colorado Island, USNM). B. Ormiophasia causeyi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). C. Ormiophasia costalimai Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). D. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (specimen from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, CEIOC). E. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Pará, MPEG). F. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimen from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). G. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). H. Ormiophasia guimaraesi sp. nov. (paratype from Costa Rica, Limón, MNCR). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 21. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares (male from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP and female from Rio de Janeiro, CEIOC). A. Male head, lateral view. B. Female head, lateral view. C. Male head, dorsal view. D. Female head, dorsal view. E. Male prothorax. F. Female prothorax. G. Male left wing, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares, holotype ♂ (CEIOC). A. Lateral habitus. B. Head, frontal view. C. Left wing, dorsal view (image flipped). D. Head, lateral view. E. Labels. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares (specimens from Brazil, São Paulo, MZSP). A. Male head, lateral view. B. Female head, lateral view. C. Male head, dorsal view. D. Female head, dorsal view. E. Male prothorax. F. Male right wing, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 28. Ormiophasia morardi (Séguy) (specimens from Brazil, Amazonas, INPA). A. Male head, lateral view. B. Female head, lateral view. C. Male head, dorsal view. D. Female head, dorsal view. E. Male prothorax. F. Female prothorax. G. Male right wing, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 32. Ormiophasia seguyi sp. nov. A. Male head, lateral view (holotype). B. Female head, lateral view (paratype from Peru, Cusco, CNC). C. Male head, dorsal view (holotype). D. Female head, dorsal view (paratype). E. Male prothorax (paratype). F. Female prothorax (paratype). G. Male right wing, dorsal view (holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 37. Ormiophasia buoculus sp. nov. (A, C, E, G) and Ormiophasia townsendi sp. nov. (B, D, F, H). A. Male head, lateral view (holotype). B. Male head, lateral view (holotype). C. Male head, dorsal view (holotype). D. Male head, dorsal view (holotype). E. Male prothorax (paratype from Venezuela, Amazonas, USNM). F. Male prothorax (paratype from Brazil, Pará, MZSP). G. Male left wing, ventral view (holotype). H. Male right wing, dorsal view (holotype). Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Male terminalia of Ormiophasia spp. From left to right: epandrium, surstyli and cerci in posterior view; epandrium, surstylus and cerci in lateral view; hypandrium, aedeagus, phallapodeme, pregonite and postgonite in lateral view. A. Ormiophasia cruzi Tavares. B. Ormiophasia inflata (Séguy). C. Ormiophasia lanei Tavares. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.