Gonatopus nearcticus ( Fenton, 1927 )

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 417-420

1. Gonatopus nearcticus ( Fenton, 1927)

( Figs 167 A–C, 168A, B)

Epigonatopus americanus Fenton 1921: 70 (preoccupied by Pseudogonatopus americanus R. Perkins 1905) (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Ames (Iowa, U.S.A.).

Pachygonatopus nearcticus Fenton 1927: 6.

Platygonatopus ugandanus Benoit 1951a: 300 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Bululo (Uganda); Benoit 1951d: 19.

Rhynchogonatopus ugandanus (Benoit): Olmi & Currado 1976: 173.

Acrodontochelys bouceki Currado 1976: 14 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type locality: Nerja (Spain); Graham 1983: 1; Olmi 1984: 1174; Graham 1988: 79.

Acrodontochelys ugandanus (Benoit): Olmi 1984: 1174.

Acrodontochelys sinensis Olmi 1984: 1180 (synonymized by Xu et al. 2012); type locality: Macau (P.R. China).

Acrodontochelys americanus (Fenton): Olmi 1984: 1182.

Gonatopus nearcticus (Fenton): Olmi 1993b: 80, 83; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 194, 237; Tussac & Olmi 1998: 490; Olmi 1999: 246; 2004a: 368; 2005b: 126;

2006: 44; Guglielmino & Olmi 2007: 126; Olmi 2009b: 459; Burn 2011: 88; Penati & Olmi 2011: 79; Olmi et al. 2015: 365; Olmi et al. 2016: 79.

Description. ♀ ( Fig. 167A ). Apterous; body length 2.0–4.0 mm. Head black or brown, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of frons yellow or testaceous; antenna black or brown, except antennomeres 1–3 yellow or testaceous; occasionally antenna testaceous-brown; mesosoma, petiole and metasoma usually black, except posterior apex of propodeal declivity testaceous; occasionally mesosoma and metasoma brown-testaceous or testaceous-reddish, except petiole black; occasionally mesosoma brown, except mesoscutum yellow; legs yellow or testaceous, except coxae and clubs of femora almost completely black, or darkened, or brown-reddish. ♀♀ with testaceousreddish mesosoma observed only in the USA (Texas: Lost Maples State Park; Inks Lake State Park). Antenna clavate; antennomeres of holotype of P. nearcticus in following proportions: 4:4:9:5.5:5:5:4:4:4:7; antennomeres of holotype of A. sinensis in following proportions: 5:3:7:4:4:4:4:4:3.5:5. Head flat or slightly convex, dull, slightly or strongly granulate; frontal line complete; occipital carina absent; temple distinct; POL = 3; OL = 2; OOL = 5. Palpal formula 5/2, or 4/2, or 3/2, or 2/2. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, shiny, slightly or strongly granulate. Mesoscutum dull, granulate. Metanotum granulate and transversely striate, about coplanar to mesoscutellum. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, granulate; propodeal declivity usually transversely striate, occasionally almost completely granulate and not transversely striate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Mesopleuron and metapleuron granulate, with or without transverse striae. Protarsomere 1 about twice as long as 4 (14:7; or 15:7; or 12:7). Protarsomeres of holotype of A. sinensis in following proportions: 15:2:3:7:13. Enlarged claw ( Fig. 168A ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 3–6 peg-like bristles. Protarsomere 5 ( Fig. 168A ) with two rows of 6–22 lamellae; apex with approximately 6–9 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

♂ ( Figs 167B, C ). Fully winged; body length 1.6–2.8 mm. Head black or brown, except mandible testaceous or yellow; antenna brown or black; mesosoma and metasoma black or brown; legs banded, brown or black, except trochanters, stalks of femora, extremities of tibiae and tarsi yellow. Antenna setose, filiform; antennomeres of ♂ paratype of A. bouceki in following proportions: 5:4:8:7:7:7:6:6:6:8; antennomere 3 four or more than 4 × as long as broad. Antennomeres of specimen from P.R. China, Ruyang, in following proportions: 4:4:7:7:6.5:6.5:5.5:5:5:7. Head shiny, alutaceous, slightly punctate; vertex laterally without two shiny and smooth areas situated between lateral ocelli and eyes; frontal line incomplete, only present between antennal toruli; occipital carina absent; occiput concave; temple distinct; POL = 6; OL = 4; OOL = 2 (or POL = 6; OL = 2; OOL = 2; or POL = 7; OL = 3; OOL = 1.5); greatest breadth of lateral ocelli about twice as long as OOL. Palpal formula 3/2, or 4/2. Mesoscutum dull, setose, slightly granulate. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.4–0.7 × length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Metapectal-propodeal disc and propodeal declivity completely shiny, unsculptured; metapectal-propodeal disc with or without median longitudinal furrow. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; 2R1 cell open; 2r-rs&Rs vein regularly curved, with distal part much longer than proximal part. Dorsal process of paramere ( Fig. 168B ) more or less long and slender, with distal third parallel to penis. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of P. nearcticus : USA: Iowa, Woodbury Co., Sioux City , IX.1919, reared from a jassid, C.N. Ainslie leg. ( USNM) ; ♀ holotype of E. americanus : USA: Iowa, Story Co., Ames , 25.VII.1919, E.D. Ball leg. ( USNM); ♀ holotype of P. ugandanus : UGANDA: Bululo , 1909, E. Bayon leg. ( MCSNG) ; ♀ holotype of A. bouceki : SPAIN: Malaga, Nerja, 3.VII.1974, Z. Boucek leg. ( NHMUK); ♀ holotype of A. sinensis : P.R. CHI-NA: Macau ( BPBM) . Paratypes of E. americanus : USA: same locality label as holotype, 4♀♀ ( USNM). Paratypes of A. bouceki : SPAIN: Malaga, Nerja, 23.VI.1973, Z. Boucek leg., 13♀♀ (9 in NHMUK, 4 in DISAFA); Granada, La Herradura, 24.VI.1973, Z. Boucek leg., 1♀, 1♂ ( NHMUK); Granada, Calahonda, 22.VI.1973, Z. Boucek leg., 2♀♀ ( NHMUK); Castellón, Benicasim, 13–15.VI.1973, Z. Boucek leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); same locality label, 22– 24.VI.1974, 1♂ ( NHMUK); Granada, Calahonda, 22.VI.1973, Z. Boucek leg., 2♀♀ ( NHMUK); Barcelona, Calella de la Costa, VI.1974, Z. Boucek leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); Paratypes of A. sinensis : CHINA: Macau, 3♀♀ (1 in BPBM, 2 in AMNH); Chin San, 1♀ ( BPBM). VIET NAM: Lam Dong Prov., Di Linh, Plateau of Djiring, 1♀ ( AMNH). Other material: BENIN: Gomé, 12.XI.1993, 1♀ ( CIRAD). BOTSWANA: SE of Gaborone District, at roadsides in town, 9.I.1982, 1♀ ( ZIL). ETHIOPIA: Kefa Province, Jima, 1♀ ( NHMUK). KENYA: Central Prov., Nairobi, 1♀ ( MRSNT); Central Prov., Olgasalic, 1♀ ( MRAC); Central Prov., Mount Kenya Safari Club, 1♀ ( USUC); Rift Valley Prov., Subukia, 00°0.429’N 36°14.523’E, 24.III–11.IV.2010, Dupopnt & Braet leg., 1♀ ( FSAE). MADA- GASCAR: Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S Ambositra, 20°47.56’S 47°10.54’E, 825 m, 11–20.II.2007, MT, low altitude rainforest, M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-29-78, 1♀ ( CAS). MOZAMBIQUE: Nampula Prov., Nampula, approximately 500 m from Nampula Catholic Seminary, 24.XI.1999, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); Ni- assa, Cuamba, Catholic University of Mozambique, Faculty of Agriculture Campus, 26.V.2007, M. Olmi leg., 2♀♀ ( MOLC). NAMIBIA: 134 km E Swakopmund, along Rd. B 2, 4.III.2006, M. Olmi reared ex Paradorydium spatulatum (Naudé) , 2♀♀, 1♂ ( MOLC). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, Port St Johns, 1–14.V.1923, 15–3.V.1923, 16–28.IV.1924, R.E. Turner leg., 9♀♀ (7 in NHMUK, 2 in AMNH); Free State, Harrismith, II.1927, R.E. Turner leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); Free State, Sasolburg, Wonderwater Colliery, 26°46.11’S 27°46.59’E, 1450 m, 12.V.1999, D- Vac, IS-08b, M. Stiller leg., 1♀ ( SANC); Gauteng, Tierpoort, 1♀ ( NCIP); Gauteng, Pretoria Dist., Soutpan, 25°24’S 28°06’E, 1♀ ( SANC); Gauteng, Pretoria, EKH, V.1946, A.R.I. Pretoria, SAM-HYM-PO21006, 1♀ ( SAMC); Kwa- Zulu-Natal, Richards Bay, 28°46’S 32°04’E, 1♀ ( ZIL); KwaZulu-Natal, Gingindhlovu, 9.VI.1926, R.E. Turner leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK, AMNH); KwaZulu-Natal, Empangeni, 26.IV.1926, R.E. Turner leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK); KwaZulu-Natal, Kloof, VIII.1926, IX.1926, R.E. Turner leg., 10♀♀ ( NHMUK); same locality label, 1♀ ( DASB); KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg, Van Reenen, 23–26.I.1927, R.E. Turner leg., 2♀♀ ( AMNH, NHMUK); KwaZulu-Natal, Champagne Castle, Hotel vicinity, 29°04’S 29°25’E, 16–20.X.2000, swept off grass ( Oplismenus sp., Poaceae ) and herb. shrubs under tree canopy, M. Stiller leg., 2♀♀ ( SANC); KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Drakensberg, 4 km S of Cavern Berg Re- sort, along the road from R74 to Cavern Berg Resort, 9.IV.2007, M. Olmi leg., 2♀♀ ( MOLC, SAMC); same locality label, C. 9.IV.2007, B. 10.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared from Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) , 1♂ ( MOLC); KwaZulu-Natal, Winterton, along Rd 600, 5 km S of junction with Rd to Loskop, C. 10.IV.2007, B. 12.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared from Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) , 1♂ ( MOLC); KwaZulu-Natal, Winterton, along Rd 600, grass in front of the gate of Cathrin Farm, 10.IV.2007, M. Olmi leg., 2♀♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 10.IV.2007, B. 11.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared from Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) , 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 10.IV.2007, B. 12.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared from Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) , 1♀ ( SAMC), 1♂ ( MOLC); KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak, inside the park, grass near the gate of Cathedral Peak Hotel, C. 11.IV.2007, B. 12.IV.2004, M. Olmi reared from Balclutha rosea (Scott) , 1♂ ( MOLC); KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak, inside the park, grass near the gate of Cathedral Peak Hotel, C. 11.IV.2007, B. 12.IV.2007, M. Olmi reared from Maiestas angustisecta (Linnavuori) , 1♂ ( MOLC); Western Cape, Koornplanskloof, 10 km S of Citrusdal, 32°40’S 19°01’E, 200–270 m, 1♀ ( ZIL). SWAZILAND: 2 km N of Loyengo, 26°33’S 31°11’E, 1♀ ( ZIL). UGANDA: Kawanda, V.1943, VI.1943, T.H.C. Taylor leg., 3♀♀, 3♂♂ ( NHMUK); same locality label, 1♀, 1♂ ( AMNH); Serere, VII.1943, T.H.C. Taylor leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK). ZIMBABWE: Harare (= Salisbury), A. Watsham leg., 2♀♀, 1♂ ( NHMUK); Harare, Chisha- washa, V.1980, A. Watsham leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK). Palaearctic: G. nearcticus is known from the following countries: Bulgaria (new record: Oblast Shumen, Bajkovo, 16.VIII.2016, A. Guglielmino and C. Bückle leg., 1♀ ( MOLC)), Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal, Spain (including Canary Islands) and Turkey ( Olmi 1999). Oriental region: G. nearcticus is known from the following countries: India, P.R. China, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam ( Xu et al. 2013). Nearctic region: G. nearcticus is known from the USA ( Olmi 1984, 1999).

Hosts. Cicadellidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in the Palaearctic region: in France: Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) ; in Italy (Pantelleria Island): Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) . In the Afrotropical region: in Namibia: Paradorydium spatulatum (Naudé) ; in South Africa: Balclutha frontalis (Ferrari) (= Balclutha rosea (Scott)) , Maiestas angustisecta (Linnavuori) . In the Nearctic region: in the USA: Balclutha neglecta (DeLong & Davidson) ; Balclutha impicta (Van Duzee) .

Distribution. Benin, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zimbabwe, in addition to many countries of the Oriental, Western Palaearctic and Nearctic regions.

Figures

FIGURE 167. Habitus of Gonatopus species: group 1. G. nearcticus (Fenton): A: ♀ from Spain, Nerja, in dorsal view; B, C: ♂ from Uganda, Serere, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 1.51 mm; B: 3.00 mm; C: 1.88 mm.

FIGURE 168.A, D–G: chelae of Gonatopus species. A: G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♀ from Uganda, Serere; D: G. acutus (Olmi), holotype; E: G. amoenus Olmi, holotype; F: G. camposensis Olmi, holotype; G: G. ceballosi Olmi, holotype. B: genitalia of G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♂ from Greece, Pyrgi. C: head in frontal view of G. acutus (Olmi), ♀ from South Africa, The Baths. Scale bar: A, E: 0.09 mm; B: 0.20 mm; C: 0.26 mm; D, G: 0.07 mm; F: 0.08 mm.