Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 413-414

15. Genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810

Gonatopus Ljungh 1810: 161 ; Richards 1937: 118; Olmi 1993b: 77; 1994: 66; 1995c: 787; 1995g: 5; 1996a: 182; 1998c: 72; 1998d: 177; 1999: 231; He & Xu 2002: 318; Virla & Olmi 2008: 371; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 100; Lelej 2012: 398; Xu et al. 2013: 354; Olmi & Virla 2014: 353; Olmi & Xu 2015: 151.

Dicondylus Haliday in Curtis 1829 –1831: 110 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Dicondylus bicolor (Haliday in Curtis, 1828) , designated by Kieffer (1914b); Haliday 1833: 273; Walker 1837: 411; Kieffer 1914b: 72; Richards 1935: 147; 1937: 118; Olmi 1984: 1374; 1993b: 78.

Labeo Haliday 1833: 273 (name preoccupied by Labeo Cuvier 1817 ) (synonymized by Richards 1937); type species: Labeo vitripennis Haliday 1833 , by monotypy; Walker 1837: 429; Dalla Torre 1898: 542; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 220.

Labeola Haldeman 1842: 191 , new name for Labeo Haliday 1833 (synonymized by Krombein 1979 with Dicondylus Haliday in Curtis, 1829 –1831).

Pseudogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 34 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Pseudogonatopus kurandae R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488; Kieffer 1914b: 79; Richards 1939: 195; J. Perkins 1976: 32; Chandra 1980: 192; Olmi 1984: 1191; 1993b: 78.

Paragonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 40 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Paragonatopus nigricans R. Perkins 1905 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 488; Kieffer 1914b: 87; Richards 1939: 195; Olmi 1979: 218.

Neogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 42 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Neogonatopus ombrodes R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Pachygonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 45 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Pachygonatopus melanias R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Chalcogonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chalcogonatopus gigas R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Eugonatopus R. Perkins 1905: 46 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chalcogonatopus (Eugonatopus) pseudochromus R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Mercetia Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 495 (synonymized by Olmi 1996a); type species: Mercetia longicollis (Kieffer 1905) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 19; Olmi 1996a: 182.

Platygonatopus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 500 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Platygonatopus planiceps (Kieffer 1904) , designated by Richards (1939); Benoit 1951a: 299.

Apterodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 14 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Apterodryinus torvus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1342; 1993b: 78.

Agonatopus R. Perkins 1907: 29 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Agonatopus pallidicornis R. Perkins 1907 , designated by Richards (1939).

Agonatopoides R. Perkins 1907: 33 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Agonatopoides synchromus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 1310; 1993b: 78.

Cyrtogonatopus Kieffer 1907: 19 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Cyrtogonatopus breviforceps (Kieffer 1904) , by monotypy.

Pristogonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi & Currado 1974); type species: Pristogonatopus dentatiforceps (Kieffer 1904) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 71; Richards 1939: 195.

Digonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Richards 1939); type species: Digonatopus javanus (R. Perkins 1912) , by monotypy; Benoit 1951a: 298.

Trigonatopus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Trigonatopus bifarius (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 72.

Laberius Kieffer 1914b: 59 , new name for Labeo Haliday 1833 (synonymized by Richards 1937); Richards 1936: 169.

Trichogonatopus Hellén 1930: 2 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Trichogonatopus lindbergi Hellén 1930 , original designation.

Laberinus Ogloblin 1932: 266 (misspelling).

Metagonatopus Ogloblin 1932: 264 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Metagonatopus brasiliensis Ogloblin 1932 , by original designation.

Allogonatopus Haupt 1938: 27 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Allogonatopus procerus Haupt 1938 , by original designation.

Donisthorpina Richards 1939: 201 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Donisthorpina formicicola Richards 1939 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1304; 1993b: 78.

Plectrogonatopus Richards 1939: 207 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Plectrogonatopus striatus (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905) , by original designation.

Tetrodontochelys Richards 1939: 217 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Tetrodontochelys ljunghii ( Westwood 1833) , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1434; 1993b: 78.

Epigonatopoides Richards 1939: 221 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Epigonatopoides pulicarius ( Klug 1810) , by original designation.

Idologonatopus Ogloblin 1953: 111 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Idologonatopus nigrithorax Ogloblin 1953 , by original designation.

Rhynchogonatopus Benoit 1954: 390 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Rhynchogonatopus meridionalis Benoit 1954 , by original designation.

Madecagonatopus Benoit 1954: 392 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Madecagonatopus ankaratrus ( Ceballos 1936) , by original designation.

Pseudogonatopoides Williams 1956: 90 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Pseudogonatopoides mauritianus Williams 1956 , by original designation.

Cyrtogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1966: 1579 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Cyrtogonatopoides borealis Ponomarenko 1966 , by original designation.

Plectrogonatopoides Ponomarenko 1975a: 318 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Plectrogonatopoides chortinis Ponomarenko 1975a , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1431; 1993b: 78.

Tetradontochelys J. Perkins 1976: 35 (unjustified emendation).

Neogonatopoides Abdul-Nour 1976: 274 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Neogonatopoides claudiae Abdul-Nour 1976 , by monotypy.

Dolichochelys Olmi & Currado 1976: 177 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Dolichochelys longicornis (Kieffer 1904) , by original designation.

Megagonatopus Olmi & Currado 1976: 178 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Megagonatopus birmanus Olmi & Currado 1976 , by original designation.

Acrodontochelys Currado 1976: 13 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Acrodontochelys bouceki Currado 1976 , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 1172; 1993b: 78.

Nogatopus Ponomarenko 1979: 357 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Nogatopus gobiensis Ponomarenko 1979 , by original designation.

Paradicondylus Olmi 1986: 102 (synonymized by Olmi 1998c); type species: Paradicondylus paulyi Olmi 1986 , by monotypy and original designation; Olmi 1993b: 78; 1998c: 72.

Type species. Gonatopus formicarius Ljungh 1810 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis. ♀: apterous ( Fig. 167A ) or fully winged ( Fig. 247A ); palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, or 6/3; antenna with ( Fig. 6A ) or without ADOs; pronotum crossed ( Fig. 171E ) or not ( Fig. 198F ) by transverse furrow; enlarged claw with apex pointed and with one large ( Fig. 168F ) or small ( Fig. 198G ) subapical tooth (occasionally subapical tooth absent, then enlarged claw with distal group of lamellae); in fully winged forms, protarsomere 5 with more than 20 lamellae ( Fig. 244E ); tibial spurs 1/0/1. ♂: fully winged ( Figs 167B, C ); occipital carina absent ( Fig. 6C ) or incomplete (in this last case, only present behind and shortly on sides of lateral ocelli); occiput concave ( Fig. 6C ); temple present; palpal formula 3/2, 4/2, 4/3, 5/2, 5/3, or 6/3; tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Acanaloniidae , Caliscelidae , Cicadellidae (except Typhlocybinae , Idiocerinae , Macropsinae ), Delphacidae , Flatidae , Issidae , Lophopidae , Tropiduchidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007; Guglielmino et al. 2013).

World species. 442 species are known, 133 in the Afrotropical region, including two species incertae sedis.

Remarks. Larvae of Gonatopus were described by Ponomarenko (1975b), Carcupino et al. (1996, 1998), Guglielmino & Virla (1998), Virla & Mangione (2000), Guglielmino (2002), Mangione & Virla (2004) and Guglielmino et al. (2006, 2007, 2008).

Figures

FIGURE 6. A: antennal ADOs of Gonatopus sp. ♀. B: quadridentate mandible of Anteon sp. C: occiput of Gonatopus sp. ♂. D: micropterous ♀ of Deinodryinus sp. E: apterous ♀ of Gonatopus sp. a: propodeal declivity; c: mesoscutellum; m: metanotum; p: metapectal-propodeal disc; r: pronotum; s: mesoscutum.

FIGURE 167. Habitus of Gonatopus species: group 1. G. nearcticus (Fenton): A: ♀ from Spain, Nerja, in dorsal view; B, C: ♂ from Uganda, Serere, in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 1.51 mm; B: 3.00 mm; C: 1.88 mm.

FIGURE 168.A, D–G: chelae of Gonatopus species. A: G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♀ from Uganda, Serere; D: G. acutus (Olmi), holotype; E: G. amoenus Olmi, holotype; F: G. camposensis Olmi, holotype; G: G. ceballosi Olmi, holotype. B: genitalia of G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♂ from Greece, Pyrgi. C: head in frontal view of G. acutus (Olmi), ♀ from South Africa, The Baths. Scale bar: A, E: 0.09 mm; B: 0.20 mm; C: 0.26 mm; D, G: 0.07 mm; F: 0.08 mm.

FIGURE 171. A–C: ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus species: A: G. acutus (Olmi), from Mozambique, Cuamba; B, C: G. amoenus Olmi, paratypes from Mozambique, Umbeluzi. D: Gonatopus camposensis Olmi, ♀ holotype: head in frontal view. E: Gonatopus comorensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov.: mesosoma of ♀ holotype in lateral view. F: Gonatopus festivus Olmi, mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal view. Scale bar: A: 0.06 mm; B: 0.08 mm; C: 0.10 mm; D: 0.27 mm; E: 1.07 mm; F: 0.77 mm.

FIGURE 198. A, B: Gonatopus flavotestaceus Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., ♀ holotype: mesosoma in lateral view (A); chela (B). C: Gonatopus pallidior (Olmi), chela of ♀ holotype. D–G: Gonatopus afer (Olmi), ♀ holotype: head in frontal view (D); mesosoma in dorsal (E) and lateral (F) view; chela (G). Scale bar: A: 0.88 mm; B: 0.07 mm; C: 0.08 mm; D: 0.21 mm; E, F: 0.83 mm; G: 0.06 mm.

FIGURE 244. A, C: Gonatopus maputensis Olmi: chela of holotype (A); genitalia of ♂ paratype (C). B: chela of Gonatopus paulyi (Olmi), holotype. D, E: Gonatopus bisulcatus (Benoit): prothorax in lateral view of ♀ from Madagascar, 25°00.40’S 46°18.20’E (D); chela of holotype (E). Scale bar: A, C: 0.08 mm; B: 0.05 mm; D: 0.73 mm; E: 0.09 mm.

FIGURE 247. A: habitus of Gonatopus sp. group 11: ♀ in dorsal view. B, C: habitus of Gynochelys braunsi Brues: ♀ holotype in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 3.05 mm; B, C: 2.57 mm.