Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit, 1954

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 407-409

1. Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit, 1954

( Figs 165B , 166A, B )

Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit 1954: 397 ; Olmi 1984: 1152; 1990b: 405; 1994a: 69; 1994c: 10; Hendawy 2001: 253; Olmi 2006: 44; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 38; Azevedo et al. 2010: 893; Burn 2011: 88; Olmi et al. 2015: 363; Olmi et al. 2016: 78 .

Description. ♀ ( Fig. 165B ). Fully winged; body length 2.2–2.3 mm. Head testaceous, except brown transverse band on vertex; antenna testaceous; propleuron black, occasionally testaceous; pronotum totally black or with collar black and disc testaceous or reddish (occasionally pronotum completely testaceous); rest of mesosoma black; metasoma black; legs testaceous. Antenna clavate. Head shiny, unsculptured, except occiput and anterior region of frons granulate; occipital carina absent; ocellar triangle strongly isosceles, with median keel; OL much longer than POL. Palpal formula 5/2. Pronotum crossed by strong transverse impression, with disc granulate and collar unsculptured; posterior edges of pronotum rounded, not produced into lobes. Mesoscutum shiny, unsculptured. Notauli complete, joint at posterior margin of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum shiny, unsculptured. Metanotum very reduced and short. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose, with transverse keels; propodeal declivity reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. In specimen from Kenya, Kasigau Mtn., forewing with small dark spot around 2r-rs&Rs vein. Protrochanter approximately 4 × as long as broad. Enlarged claw ( Fig. 166A ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of four lamellae. Protarsomere 5 ( Fig. 166A ) with one row of 11 lamellae; apex with approximately 10 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

♂. Fully winged; body length 1.3–1.4 mm. Head brown-black, except mandible and clypeus testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown-testaceous; legs testaceous. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 4:3.5:7:7:7:7:7:7:6.5:8. Head flat, shiny, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures; frontal line absent; occipital carina very thin and incomplete, not present behind ocellar triangle; temple very prominent; POL = 3; OL = 1; OOL = 2.5; TL = 2.5; lateral ocelli touching occipital carina. Mesoscutum shiny, finely punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Notauli complete, posteriorly joint or separated. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull, completely reticulate rugose, without transverse posterior keel; propodeal declivity reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of 2r-rs&Rs vein longer than proximal part (11:4). Paramere ( Fig. 166B ) with dorsal process very long and sculptured with a mosaic pattern (figure 9 in Olmi (1989b) was erroneously associated with E. migratorius , whereas it is actually related to E. tauricus Ponomarenko ). Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Type: ♀ holotype: MADAGASCAR: Toliara, Bekily , IV.1942, A. Seyrig leg. ( MRAC) . Other material: BOTSWANA: Serowe, Farmer’s Brigade , 1♀ ( USNM). BURKINA FASO: Kou River Sources , 1♀ ( FSAE). CAMEROON: South, near Ebolowa, Nkoemvon , 21.I–6.II.1980, cocoa plantation, D. Jackson leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK); Southwest, Mt. Cameroun , Buea, 1200 m , 1♀ ( ISNB). CAPE VERDE ISLANDS: Santiago Island, São Jorge dos Orgãos, A. van Harten leg. , 2♀♀ ( AMNH). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Haut-Uele (= Haut-Zaire), Garamba National Park , 2♀♀ ( MRAC, AMNH); North Kivu, Edward Lake , 1♀ ( MRAC). IVORY COAST: 8 km NW of Bouaflé, Klébo , 1♀ ( DEUW); 10 km SE of Bouaflé, Koudougou , 1♀ ( DEUW); 20 km E Katiola, Logbonou , 1♀ ( DEUW). KENYA: Coast Prov., Kasigau Mtn. , 3.82667°S 38.64982°E, 1117 m, indigenous forest, MT, next to spring in forest, 30.VI–13.VII.2011, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( RSC); Coast Prov., Boni Forest area, near Bodhei Village , 1.85551°S 40.69889°E, 30 m, 6–18.VI.2013, 2 m MT, mixed grass- and woodland, J. Bukhebi & R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Ngaia Forest , bottom of forest, 0.32442°N 38.05038°E, 1057 m, 24.XII.2011 – 7.I.2012, MT, inside indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg. , 2♀♀ ( NMK). MADAGASCAR: Anta- nanarivo, Tsimbazaza Park , 21–25.X.1984, MT, Robert W. Brooks leg. , 1♀ ( NAMUK); Antsiranana, Montagne d’Ambre National Park , 12°30’52’’S 49°10’53’’E, 960 m, 19.III–6.IV.2001, MT, R. Harin’Hala leg. , MA-01-01A- 09, 1♀ ( CAS); Antsiranana, Montagne d’Ambre National Park , 12°31.13’S 49°10.45’E, 1125 m, 14–30.V.2001, R. Harin’Hala leg. , MT, MA01-01D-11, 1♀ ( MOLC); Antsiranana, Montagne des Français , 12°18.8’S 49°38.51’E, 150 m, 15.II–8.III.2001, MT, along forested limestone ridge, R. Harin’Hala leg. , MA- 01-06-06, 1♀ ( MOLC); Antsiranana, 7 km N of Joffreville , 12°20’S 49°15’E, 300 m, 7–27.IV.2001, dry forest, MT, R. Harin’Hala leg. , MA- 01-07-10, 1♂ ( CAS); Mahajanga, Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park, 3.4 km 93° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba , 19°08.31’S 44°49.41’E, 50 m, 6–10.XI.2001, MT, tropical dry forest, Fisher, Griswold et al. leg., BLF 4233 , 2♂♂ ( CAS); Toliara, Bekily , IV.1942, A. Seyrig leg. , 1♀ ( MNHN); Toliara, 60 km NE of Morondava , Bere- boka , 1♀ ( AMNH); Beza Mahafaly Reserve , parcelled I near research station, 23°41.19’S 44°35.46’E, 165 m, 25.XII.2001 – 2.I.2002, MT, dry deciduous forest, R. Harin’Hala leg. , MA-02-14A-14, 1♀ ( CAS); Toliara, Berenty Special Reserve , 8 km NW Amboasary, elev 35 m, 25°01.26’S 46°18.33’E, 22–30.XI.2003, M.Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, MT, spiny forest, MA-02-22A-04 , 1♀ ( CAS); Toliara, Berenty Reserve , 80 km W Fort Dauphin, 25°00’S 46°17’E, 7.IV.1994, MT, M. Wasbauer leg. , 1♀ ( DEUCD); Toliara, Manderano , 23°31.39’S 44°5.18’E, 70 m, 23.VI–18.VII.2002, MT, edge of marsh, 5 m from road, gallery forest, MGF035, Frontier Wilderness Project , 1♀ ( CAS); same locality label, 23.VI–27.VII.2002, MT, edge of marsh, 5 m from road, gallery forest, MGF036, Frontier Wilderness Project , 2♀♀ ( CAS). MALI: Sikasso , 1♀ ( MRAC). MOZAMBIQUE: Gaza Prov., between Macia and Palmeira , 2 km E of Incomati River Bridge along Road EN 1, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., 3 km N of Umbelúzi along Maputo-Boane Road, M. Olmi leg. , 2♀♀ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., Manhiça District, Manhiça, Vasco’s Farm , 1–8.IX.1996, MT, M. Olmi leg. , 2♀♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, 9.IX–24.X.1995 , 2♀♀ ( MOLC); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Catholic University of Mozambique Campus , C. 7.IV.2003, B. 9.IV.2003, Sf. 24.IV.2003, M. Olmi reared ex nymph of an unknown species of Delphacidae , 1♂ ( MOLC); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Catholic University of Mozambique Farm , 17.IV–2.VI.2006, MT, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC). NIGER: Maradi, Tarna goul- bin, 5–10.X.1985, MT, G.J. Steck leg. , 1♂ ( TAMU). OMAN: Muscat, 5.IV.1985 , 1♀ ( ZIL). SENEGAL: 14 km S of Ross Bethio , 7.X.1978 , 1♀ ( USNM). SIERRA LEONE: 6 km SW of Freetown , 08°26’N 13°16’W, 26.XI.1993 , 1♀ ( ZIL). SOMALIA: Benadir Prov., Afgoi, M. Olmi leg. , 3♀♀ ( AMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, 8 km N of Fort Beaufort, Blinkwater , 32°43’S 26°35’E , 1♀ ( ZIL); Eastern Cape, Port St. Johns , 5–30.IV.1923, R.E. Turner leg. , 1♂ ( NHMUK); same locality label, 1–5.IV.1923, 25–31.III.1923 , 2♀♀ ( NHMUK); same locality label , 1♀ ( DASB); Eastern Cape, Asante Sana Game Reserve , 32°14.990‘S 24°55.962‘E, 2183 m, 29.X.2009 – 23.II.2010, MT, Karoo Escarpment Grassland, S. van Noort leg. , 1♀ ( SAMC); KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Hilton , gar- den, 19–24.IV.2005, YPT, V. Kolyada leg. , 1♂ ( NMSA); KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Fernkliff , 22.II.2004, sweeping, Kolyada & Mostovski leg. , 1♀ ( SAMC); KwaZulu-Natal, Louwsberg, Sanyati Farm , 1090 m, 27°34’S 31°17.9’E, 30.X–18.XII.2005, MT, M. Mostovski leg. , 1♂ ( NMSA); Limpopo, Klaserie , 1♀ ( PMA); Limpopo, 15 km NW of Klaserie, Guernsey Farm , 1♀ ( PMA); North West, Derdepoort , III.1958, D.P. Annecke leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK) ;

Western Cape, Salmanslaagte, 32°03.228‘S 19°06.258‘E, 459 m, 26.II.2009, sweep, Cederbeg Sandstone Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC); same locality label, 26–28.II.2009, YPT, 2♂♂, 1♀ ( SAMC) . TANZANIA: Arusha, 1♀ ( HNHM) . UGANDA: Kawanda , X.1942, T.H.C. Taylor leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK) . UNITED ARAB EMIR- ATES: Abu Dhabi, Houbara Protected Area , 1.XI–10.XII.2015, MT, N. 635, A. Saji & A. van Harten leg., 1♂ ( MOLC) . YEMEN: Qa Al Boun , IV.1993, M. Knapp leg., 1♀ ( AMNH) ; ZIMBABWE: Harare, 1♀ ( CNC) ; Harare, Chishawasha , V.1978, A. Watsham leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK) . Palaearctic. Known from EGYPT ( Hendawy 2001): Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, near Kafr El-Sheikh, 11.VIII.1999, in rice fields, A.S. Hendawi leg., many ♀♀ and ♂♂ ( MOLC) ; Gharbia Governorate, near Tanta , A. Hendawy leg., 1♀ ( AHC) ; Damietta Governorate, Shirbin, S of El- Serwy , XI.2000, P. Skidmore leg. ( JTBC) ( Burn 2011) ; Sharkia Governorate, Kafr Sakr , June 2006, in rice field, A. S. Hendawy leg. ( AHC) .

Hosts. Delphacidae Delphacinae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in Egypt: nymphs of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and S. vibix (Haupt) ; in Mozambique: Sogatella petax Fennah ; in South Africa: Megamelus scutellaris Berg (new record: reared from Megamelus scutellaris colonies of Neotropical origin (imported from Argentina via USA) that are being mass reared at Rhodes University in Grahamstown for biocontrol against water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes Mart. (Solms) ( Pontederiaceae )).

Distribution. Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Oman, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zimbabwe, in addition to Egypt (Palaearctic).

Remarks. Echthrodelphax migratorius was recorded by mistake from many further localities in Yemen ( Olmi & Van Harten 2000, 2006). These records (all ♂♂) are actually of E. tauricus (see below). The unique locality in Yemen, where E. migratorius was definitely collected (one ♀), is Qa Al Boun (see above).

Figures

FIGURE 165. Habitus of Echthrodelphax species. A: E. tauricus Ponomarenko, ♀ from Italy, Sciolze, in dorsal view (from Olmi 1998a). B: E. migratorius Benoit, ♀ from Yemen, Qa Al Boun, in dorsal view. C, D: E. tauricus Ponomarenko: ♂ from Italy, Sciolze, in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) view. Scale bar: A: 1.80 mm; B: 1.61 mm; C: 1.00 mm; D: 0.63 mm.

FIGURE 166. A, B: Echthrodelphax migratorius Benoit: chela of holotype (A); genitalia of ♂ from South Africa, Port St. Johns (B). C, D: Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko: chela of ♀ from Italy, Sciolze (D); genitalia of ♂ from Spain, Torrevieja (C). Scale bar: A, B: 0.05 mm; C: 0.07 mm; D: 0.06 mm.