Coryphella verrucosa, (M. SARS, 1829)

Ekimova, Irina, Valdés, Ángel, Malaquias, Manuel António E, Rauch, Cessa, Chichvarkhin, Anton, Mikhlina, Anna, Antokhina, Tatiana, Chichvarkhina, Olga & Schepetov, Dimitry, 2022, High-level taxonomic splitting in allopatric taxa causes confusion downstream: a revision of the nudibranch family Сoryphellidae, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (1), pp. 215-249 : 226

CORYPHELLA VERRUCOSA (M.SARS, 1829)

( FIGS 4–8A, B )

= Coryphella pseudoverrucosa Martynov et al., 2015 , synon. nov.

Diagnosis: Body narrow, notal ridge completely reduced. Rhinophores smooth, mostly with small tubercles, white to pale orange or pale pink. Cerata in several groups, short (‘verrucosa’ morph) or long (‘rufibranchialis’ morph), their colour variable from pale beige to intensive wine or brown, sometimes with numerous white dots. Jaws triangle plates, masticatory process with one to seven rows of denticles. Radula triserial, rachidian tooth triangle plate with non-compressed conical cusp, five to nine denticles on each side. Lateral teeth triangle, smooth to denticulated, 7–13 small denticles, basal process absent. Vas deferens S-shaped, thick. Penis disc-shaped.

See Supporting Information, Table S1 for list of examined material.

Figures

Figure 4. Living specimens of Coryphella verrucosa, Haplogroup A. A, ‘verrucosa’ morphotype, ZMBN126020, c. 25 mm in length. B, ‘verrucosa’ morphotype, ZMBN125092, c. 35 mm in length. C, ‘verrucosa’ morphotype, ZMMU WS14928, 18 mm in length preserved.D,‘intermediate’ morphotype,ZMMUWS14927,21mm inlength preserved.E,‘rufibranchialis’ morphotype, ZMMU WS14912, 14 mm in length preserved. F, ‘rufibranchialis’ morphotype, ZMBN125543, c. 25 mm in length. G, ‘rufibranchialis’ morphotype, ZMMU WS14397, 15 mm in length preserved. H, ‘rufibranchialis’ morphotype, ZMBN127572, c. 25 mm in length. I, juvenile, ZMBN125893, c. 6 mm in length. J, Coryphella verrucosa in natural environment, ‘verrucosa’ morphotype, ZMBN125618. K, Coryphella verrucosa in natural environment, ‘intermediate’ morphotype, ZMBN127490. Photo credits: A, Viktor V.Grøtan; B, F, H, I, K, Anders Schouw; C, D, E, G, Tatiana Antokhina; J, Nils Aukan.

Figure 5. Living specimens of Coryphella verrucosa, Haplogroups B and C (former Coryphella pseudoverrucosa). A, ZMMU WS14972, Haplogroup B, 27 mm in length. B, ZMMU WS14967, Haplogroup B, 25 mm in length. C, ZMMU WS14951, Haplogroup B, 22 mm in length. D, ZMMU WS14968, Haplogroup B, 17 mm length. E, ZMMU WS14970, Haplogroup B, 17 mm in length. F, ZMMU WS14971, Haplogroup B, 12 mm in length. G, MIMB40024, Haplogroup B, 10 mm in length. H, MIMB40025, Haplogroup C, 21 mm in length preserved. I, Coryphella verrucosa in natural environment, ZMMU WS14421 and ZMMU WS14422, Haplogroup C. J, Coryphella verrucosa in natural environment, ZMMU WS14439 and ZMMU WS14440, Haplogroups C and B, respectively. Photo credits: A–F, Tatiana Antokhina; G, H, Anastassya Mayorova; I, J, Anton Chichvarkhin.

Figure 6. SEM micrographs of middle radular portion in Coryphella verrucosa. A, ZMMU WS14451, Haplogroup A. B, ZMMU WS14484, Haplogroup A. C, ZMMU WS14504, Haplogroup A. D, ZMMU WS14404, Haplogroup B. E, ZMMU WS14413, Haplogroup B. F, ZMMU WS14402, Haplogroup B. G,ZMMU WS14421, Haplogroup C. H, ZMMU WS14439, Haplogroup C. Scale bars: A, B = 30 µm, C, D, F–H = 10 µm, E = 20 µm.

Figure 7. SEM micrographs of jaws in Coryphella verrucosa. A, left jaw plate, ZMMU WS14923, Haplogroup A. B, details of denticulation on masticatory process, ZMMU WS14923, Haplogroup A. C, right jaw plate, ZMMUWS14439, Haplogroup C.D, details of denticulation on masticatory process, ZMMU WS14439, Haplogroup C. E, details of denticulation on masticatory process, ZMMU WS14382, Haplogroup A. F, details of denticulation on masticatory process, ZMMU WS14440, Haplogroup B. Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm, B, D = 30 µm, E = 100 µm, F = 10 µm.

Figure 8. Reproductive system of target species. A, Coryphella verrucosa, ZMMU WS14479, Haplogroup A. B, Coryphella verrucosa, ZMMU WS14398, Haplogroup C. C, Borealea nobilis, ZMMU WS14443. D, Coryphella sanamyanae, ZMMU WS14416. E, Coryphella gracilis, ZMMU WS14914. F, Coryphella gracilis, ZMMU WS14418. Abbreviations: amp, ampulla; fgm, female gland mass; dsr, distal receptaculum seminis; psr, proximal receptaculum seminis (= ‘bursa copulatrix’); ps, penial sheath; pvd, prostatic vas deferens. Scale bars: A–D = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm.