Aricidea (Acmira) simonae Laubier & Ramos, 1974

Erdoğan-Dereli, Deniz & Çinar, Melih Ertan, 2020, The diversity of the genus Aricidea (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from the Sea of Marmara, with descriptions of two new species and two new records for the Mediterranean fauna, Zootaxa 4844 (1), pp. 1-73 : 23-28

Aricidea (Acmira) simonae Laubier & Ramos, 1974

( Figures 13–16 )

Aricidea simonae Laubier & Ramos 1974: 1123–1127 , figs. 9–10.

Aricidea (Acmira) simonae: Aguirrezabalaga & Gil 2009: 662–664 , fig. 21 B–C; Kurt-Şahin et al. 2019: 161–163, fig. 8.

Material examined. ESFM-POL/2012-495 , 01 October 2012, station K15, 40°41’38’’N, 29°36’26’’E, 0,5 m, Mytilus galloprovincialis , 1 specimen ; ESFM-POL/2013-1141 , 08 June 2012, station Y15, 40°25’41’’N, 27°27’57’’E, 50 m, fine sand, 1 specimen ; ESFM-POL/2013-1142 , 09 June 2013, station Y17, 40°39’58’’N, 27°41’08’’E, 50 m, mud, 4 specimens ; ESFM-POL/2013-1145 , 11 June 2013, station Y18, 40°54’28’’N, 27°33’24’’E, 100 m, sand with mud shell fragments, 2 specimens ; ESFM-POL/2013-1146 , 12 June 2013, station Y19, 40°58’36’’N, 27°42’39’’E, 25 m, maerl bed, 1 specimen ; ESFM-POL/2013-1147 , 13 June 2013, station Y24, 41°03’55’’N, 28°09’12’’E, 10 m, sandy mud with shell fragments, 1 specimen ; ESFM-POL/2013-1148 , 16 June 2013, station Y24, 41°00’16’’N, 28°07’50’’E, 50 m, sand with mudy shell fragments, 4 specimens ; ESFM-POL/2013-590 , 23 June 2013, station Y32, 40°55’06’’N, 28°34’11’’E, 100 m, sandy mud, 1 specimen .

Description. Largest specimen incomplete, 26.5 mm long, 1.33 mm wide, with 85 chaetigers. Color in alcohol usually white, with brown speckles on body. Body stout; straight, anterior part and posterior part of body nearly same thickness ( Fig. 13A ).

Prostomium subtriangular, much wider than long (ratio length / width: 0.81); anterior margin rounded, with eversible palpode; eyes absent ( Figs. 13B ; 14 A–C). Crown-like ciliary band (clcb) present ( Figs 14 B–C). M-shaped transversal ciliary band (cb) present, thin, placed just anterior to antenna and contacting nuchal organs ( Fig. 14C ). Antenna short, thin, reaching the end of prostomium; inflated on tip (antenna length / prostomium length: 0.35); with a central insertion ( Figs 13E ; 14 A–C). A pair of nuchal organs long, wide and slightly curved slits placed laterally in posterior part of prostomium; more or less concave shape; extending almost 3/5 of prostomium; without coloration ( Figs 13E ; 14C ). Mouth with three buccal lips; two placed anteriorly, one placed posteriorly and extending to anterior margin of chaetiger 2, with five longitudinal folds.

A dorsal ciliary band (dcb) present on mid-dorsal transversal line of each prebranchial and branchial chaetigers ( Fig. 14C ). Short dorsal ciliary bands (sdcb) absent. Ciliary bands absent on ventral side of body.

Branchiae 20–24 pairs, starting on chaetiger 3; thin, cylindro-conical shaped and somewhat flattened, with a rounded tip; shape similar along branchial region; 710 μm long in anterior region, 860 μm in middle region and 645 μm in posterior region; ciliary bands on both sides of branchiae ( Figs 13 A–B; 15A, C).

Interramal lobes present in branchial region, located between noto- and neuropodia as a distinct large ridge ( Figs 13 B–C, F; 15A, C; 16B). Notopodial papilla absent ( Fig. 15A, C ). Notopodial postchaetal lobes long, thin and filiform on first two chaetigers; long and digitiform in branchial region; and becoming shorter in posterior region ( Figs 13C, F ; 15 A–C). Neuropodial postchaetal lobes absent. Ventral lobes present, from chaetiger 1 to chaetiger 14 ( Figs 13F ; 15A, C ).

Lateral sense organs present, from chaetiger 1 to end of branchial chaetigers; located between notopodia and neuropodia, just posterior to notopodial postchaetal lobes; each sense organ in a straight line with regularly clustered pores; with 25–27 pores in prebranchial region (long axis of organ: 7–8 μm), and about 50–52 pores (long axis: 16–17 μm) in branchial region; with flexible cilia distinctly protruding from opening or embedded into pores ( Fig. 16 A–D).

Two main types of chaetae present in chaetigers; capillary and modified neurochaetae ( Figs 13D, F ; 15 B–D; 16B). Capillary chaetae arranged in bundles, present on both neuropodia and notopodia of all chaetigers ( Figs 15 B–D; 16B); approximately 355 μm long in anterior region, 494 μm long in middle region, 655 μm long in posterior region. Anterior notopodia with 22–34 capillary chaetae; middle notopodia with 28–37 capillary chaetae; posterior notopodia with 10–14 capillary chaetae. Anterior neuropodia with 28–37 capillary chaetae; middle neuropodia with 35–41 capillary chaetae; posterior neuropodia with 9–12 capillary chaetae. Modified neuropodial chaetae robust, long, with a slightly curved subterminal region ( Fig. 13D ); present from chaetiger 57 to posterior end, numbering 12–15; superior chaetae longer (about 115 μm).

Pygidium missing.

Remarks. The specimens of Aricidea simonae from the Sea of Marmara had interramal lobes between the noto- and neuropodia. These were not been mentioned in the original and subsequent descriptions of this species ( Laubier & Ramos 1974; Hartmann-Schröder 1996; Aguirrezabalaga 2012; Kurt-Şahin et al. 2019). Although not described, Laubier & Ramos (1974) illustrated this character in the cross-section of a chaetiger from the branchial region (see Figure 10B ).

In contrast to other Aricidea species found in the study area, which have more or less convex-shaped nuchal organs, Aricidea simonae has long concave-shaped nuchal organs (see Figs. 3C ; 6D ; 11C ; 20B ; 26F ; 31B ; 34C ; 40B ; 44C ; 48A ). This type of nuchal organ was previously illustrated on the prostomium of A. simplex Day, 1963 ( Day 1963; Strelzov 1979; Blake 1996), A. longicornuta Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950 ( Berkeley & Berkeley 1950), A. mirifica Strelzov, 1973 and A. pulchra Strelzov, 1973 ( Strelzov 1979) , and A. neosuecica nipponica Imajima, 1973 ( Imajima 1973) .

Among the other species found in the present study, the M-shaped ciliary band on the prostomium is unique for A. simonae and A. cerrutii . However, unlike A. cerrutii , this ciliary band is associated with the nuchal organs in A. simonae .

Habitat and Distribution. Aricidea simonea was found in soft substrata and Mytilus galloprovincialis biotope at depths ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m in the Sea of Marmara. The species was previously reported on similar habitats between 2 and 1113 m depths in the north-east Atlantic Ocean (Gil & Sard 1999; Aguirrezabalaga & Gil 2009), eastern ( Çinar et al. 2014) and western Mediterranean Seas ( Laubier & Ramos 1974; Katzmann & Laubier 1975), and the Black Sea ( Kurt-Sahin et al. 2019).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Aricidea (Acmira) annae (ESFM-POL/2017-151).A, Antero-dorsal view of body; B, Branchiae; C, Posterio-dorsal view of prostomium; D, Nuchal organ. Abbreviations: a, annulation; cs, ciliary slits; clcb, crown-like ciliary band; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; pro, prostomium; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band. Scale bar: A, 218 µm; B, 140 µm; C, 37 µm; D, 11 µm.

FIGURE 6. Aricidea (Acmira) assimilis (ESFM-POL/2013-1221). A, Antero-dorsal view of body; B, Anterio-dorsal view of anterior end; C, Dorsal view of branchial region, short dorsal ciliary bands; D, Dorsal view of half of prostomium.Abbreviations: cs, ciliary slit; clcb, crown-like ciliary band; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band. Scale bar: A, 579 µm; B, 193 µm; C, 300 µm; D, 101 µm.

FIGURE 10. Aricidea (Acmira) cerrutii. A, General view of body (ESFM-POL/2013-1034); B, Lateral view of anterior end, stained with Shirlastain-A (ESFM-POL/2013-1034); C, Modified neurochaeta on chaetiger 104 (ESFM-POL/2013-1034); D, Cross section of chaetiger 8 (ESFM-POL/2013-1029); E, Dorsal view of half prostomium (ESFM-POL/2013-1029); F, Anterolateral view of prostomium (ESFM-POL/2013-1029); G, Lateral view of pygidium (ESFM-POL/2013-1034). Abbreviations: cb; ciliary band; clcb; crown-like ciliary band; irl, interramal lobe; ntpcl, notopodial postchaetal lobe. Scale bar:A, 1506 µm; B, 183 µm; C, 14 µm; D, 102 µm; E, 36 µm; F, 32 µm; G, 117 µm.

FIGURE 11. Aricidea (Acmira) cerrutii (ESFM-POL/2013-1029). A, Lateral view of anterior part of body; B, Lateral view of prostomuim; C, Dorsal view of prostomium and first chaetiger; D, Dorsal view of prostomium and first chaetiger; E, Anterior part of prostomium, arrows pointing the ridges. Abbreviations: ant, antenna; clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cb, ciliary band; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; ep, eversible palpode; no, nuchal organ. Scale bar: A, 136 µm; B, 31 µm; C, 36 µm; D, 58 µm; E, 28 µm.

FIGURE 13. Aricidea (Acmira) simonae. A, General view of dorso-lateral side of anterior end (ESFM-POL/2013-1145); B, Dorso-lateral view of anterior end (ESFM-POL/2013-1145); C, Lateral view of chaetiger 7, stained with Shirlastain-A (ESFM- POL/2013-1148); D, Modified neurochaetae with capillary chaetae of chaetiger 62 (ESFM-POL/2013-1148); E, Dorsal view of prostomium (ESFM-POL/2013-1145); F, Cross section of chaetiger 8 (ESFM-POL/2013-1148). Abbreviations: irl, interramal lobe; ntpcl, notopodial postchaeetal lobe; vl: ventral lobe. Scale bar:A, 1166 µm; B, 500 µm; C, 101 µm; D, 30 µm; E, 130 µm; F, 210 µm.

FIGURE 14. Aricidea (Acmira) simonae (ESFM-POL/2013-1142). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Lateral view of anterior end; C, Dorsal view of prostomium with first two chaetigers. Abbreviations: clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cb, ciliary band; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; ep, eversible palpode; irl, interramal lobe; no, nuchal organ. Scale bar: A, 625 µm; B, 341 µm; C, 388 µm.

FIGURE 15. Aricidea (Acmira) simonae (ESFM-POL/2013-1142). A, Dorso-lateral view of anterior end; B, Notopodia of mid-branchial chaetigers; C, Lateral view of mid-branchial chaetigers; D, Parapodia of posterior chaetigers. Abbreviations: irl, interramal lobe; ntpcl, notopodial postchaeetal lobe; vl, ventral lobe. Scale bar: A, 590 µm; B, 76 µm; C, 161 µm; D, 104 µm.

FIGURE 16. Aricidea (Acmira) simonae (ESFM-POL/2013-1142). A, Lateral sense organ of chaetiger 1; B, Notopodium and neuropodium of chaetiger 8; C, Lateral sense organ of chaetiger 8; D, Detail from figure C, lateral sense organ. Abbreviations: bran, branchia; irl, interramal lobe; lso, lateral sense organ; ntpcl, notopodial postchaeetal lobe. Scale bar: A, 17 µm; B, 107 µm; C, 16 µm; D, 6 µm.

FIGURE 20. Aricidea (Acmira) katzmanni n. sp. A, Dorsal view of anterior end, paratype, short dorsal ciliary bands (ESFM- POL/2013-994); B, Dorso-lateral view of anterior end, paratype (ESFM-POL/2013-994); C, Dorsal view of anterior end, paratype (ESFM-POL/2013-43). Abbreviations: clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cs, ciliary slits; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band. Scale bar: A, 212 µm; B, 83 µm; C, 88 µm.

FIGURE 26. Aricidea (Acmira) pseudoassimilis n. sp. (Paratype, ESFM-POL/2013-1125). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Dorsal view of anterior end; C, Ventral view of anterior end, with proboscis everted; D, Notopodium of branchial chaetiger with short dorsal ciliary band; E, Lateral view of prostomium with ciliary band; F, Lateral view of prostomium and anterior part of chaetiger 1. Abbreviations: clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cs, ciliary slits; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; sdcb, second dorsal cililary band; sf, skin fold; sr, short ridge. Scale bar: A, 175 µm; B, 320 µm; C, 199 µm; D, 71 µm; E, 39 µm; F, 16 µm.

FIGURE 31. Aricidea (Strelzovia) meridionalis n. stat. (ESFM-POL/2013-1015). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Dorsal view of prostomium; C, Dorsal view of half prostomium; D, Nuchal organ; E, Ventral view of anterior end.Abbreviations: clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cs, ciliary slits; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; neupcl, neuropodial postchaetal lobe; no, nuchal organ; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band; sf, skin fold; sr, short ridge; vl, ventral lobe. Scale bar: A, 366 µm; B, 112 µm; C, 89 µm; D, 32 µm; E, 565 µm.

FIGURE 34. Aricidea (Aricidea) bansei n. stat. (ESFM-POL/2017-152). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Dorsal view of anterior end; C, Dorsal view of right half of prostomium; D, Nuchal organ. Abbreviations: bran, branchia; clcb, crown-like ciliary band; cs, ciliary slits; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; ntpcl, notopodial postchaetal lobe; no, nuchal organ. Scale bar:A, 246 µm; B, 127 µm; C, 35 µm; D, 12 µm.

FIGURE 40. Aricidea (Strelzovia) bulbosa (ESFM-POL/2013-93). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Dorsal view of prostomium; C, Modified neurochaeta on posterior chaetiger; D, Branchiae; E, Dorsal ciliary band; F, Cilia on dorsal ciliary band.Abbreviations: a, annulation; clcb, crown-like ciliary band; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; pt, pits; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band. Scale bar: A, 196 µm; B, 33 µm; C, 20 µm; D, 78 µm; E, 30 µm; F, 10 µm.

FIGURE 44. Aricidea (Strelzovia) claudiae. A, Dorsal view of anterior end (ESFM-POL/2013-954); B, Dorsal view of anterior end (ESFM-POL/2013-954); C, Dorsal view of prostomium (ESFM-POL/2013-92); D, Lateral view of prostomium, arrow pointing cilia of antenna (ESFM-POL/2013-954). Abbreviations: a, annulation; nccb, non-convergent ciliary band; csal, ciliary slits of anterior lips; dcb, dorsal ciliary band; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band; sf, skin fold; slcb, slit like ciliary band; ss, short swelling. Scale bar: A, 242 µm; B, 265 µm; C, 48 µm; D, 59 µm.

FIGURE 48. Aricidea (Strelzovia) mirunekoa (ESFM-POL/2013-637). A, Dorsal view of anterior end; B, Dorsal view of anterior end; C, Lateral view of prostomium; D, Ventral view of anterior end, with proboscis everted; E, Modified neurochaetae of posterior chaetiger. Abbreviations: clcb, crown-like ciliary band; no, nuchal organ; sdcb, short dorsal ciliary band; sf, skin fold; ss, short swelling; vl, ventral lobe. Scale bar: A, 257 µm; B, 583 µm; C, 105 µm; D, 956 µm; E 34 µm.