Diaphania hyalinata (L., 1767, Linnaeus, 1818

Bernard Landry, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, Revue suisse de Zoologie 123 (2), pp. 315-399 : 335

Diaphania hyalinata (L., 1767 )

Figs 15 , 100 , 146

Phalaena Geometra hyalinata Linnaeus, 1767: 874 .

Diaphania hyalinata (L.): Peck et al., 1998: 227. ‒ Causton et al., 2006: 141. ‒ Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015.

Material examined: 4 ♂, 12 ♀, 53 of undetermined sex from the Galápagos Islands: – Baltra: South Seymour [without precise locality]. – Fernandina: SW side, crater rim, GPS: 1341 m elev[ation]., S 00° 21.910’, W 91° 34.034’. – Isabela: 3 km N S[an]to Tómas, Agr[iculture]. Zone; Sierra Negra, 11 km N Puerto Villamil, GPS: S 00° 87.613’, W 91° 00.903’; NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, GPS: 483 m elev., S 00° 24.029’, W 91° 02.895’; Alcedo, lado NE, 1100 m, cumbre, caseta Cayot. – Marchena : [no precise locality]. – Pinta: ± 50 m elev.; 200 m elev. – Santa Cruz: Academy Bay; Media Luna, pampa zone; transition zone, recently cut road, GPS: S 00°42.528’, W 90°18.849’; Finca Vilema, 2 km W Bella Vista; Los Gemelos. – Santiago: NE side, close to Caseta, GPS: 686 m elev., S 00°14.177’, W 90°44.619’. Deposited in CAS, CDRS, CNC, MCZ, and MHNG.

Diagnosis: In the Galápagos this species ( Fig. 15 ) is similar to Diaphania indica (Saunders) ( Fig. 16 ), but it is generally larger (26-29 mm versus 19-25 mm) and its forewing dark brown marginal band is straight until the inner margin whereas this terminal band slightly expands anteriorly before reaching the inner margin in D. indica .

Biology: Robinson et al. (2014) record several host plant species in the Cucurbitaceae , as well as odd records on Araceae , Convolvulaceae , Euphorbiaceae , Rosaceae , and Verbenaceae . In the Galápagos, specimens of this species were collected mostly at higher elevations, from the transition zone up to the pampa zone for example at the rim of the volcano on Fernandina at 1341 m above sea level, but it was also found on the littoral zone of Marchena . The habitats at the collecting localities are mostly pristine or modified by goats, but moths were also collected in the agriculture zone of Santa Cruz. Collecting dates of the Galápagos specimens are in February until May.

Distribution: This Western Hemisphere native is found in North America from south eastern Canada throughout the USA, Mexico, south throughout Central and South America, and across the West Indies (BMNH specimens; Heppner, 2003; Patterson et al., 2015; Powell & Opler, 2009). Elsewhere it is now known also from Asia ( Robinson et al., 2014) and there are old records from Europe ( Slamka, 2013). In the Galápagos I have examined specimens from several islands as listed above. In addition, a specimen in the CDRS with a single small label with just ‘11’ on it refers to notes mentioning the occurrence of this species on Floreana, Isabela, and Santa Cruz. However, there is a second specimen with a label mentioning this number ‘11’ and these same island data, but this specimen belongs to Diaphania indica (Saunders) , treated below.

Remarks: I confirmed the identification of a Galápagos specimen by comparing it with specimens in the BMNH.

Figures

Figs 9 - 16. Specimens of Spilomelinae, size not to scale. (9) Cheverella galapagensis ♀, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 27. v. 1992, MHNG. (10, 11) Cryptobotys zoilusalis. (10) ♀, Brazil, Bahía, Camacan, Res. Serra Bonita, 800 m, 8. iv. 2011, MHNG. (11) ♂, same locality, 27. iii. 2011, MHNG. (12, 13) Desmia mordor. (12) ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (13) ♀ holotype, CNC. (14) Diaphania galapagensis ♂ paratype, Galápagos, Isabela, NE slope Alcedo, near pega-pega camp, 483 m, 31. iii. 2004, MHNG. (15) Diaphania hyalinata ♂, Galápagos, Santa Cruz, Los Gemelos, 4. v. 2002, MHNG. (16) Diaphania indica ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haut Katanga, Tshinkolobwe, 12. iii. 1931, MHNG.

Figs 98 - 100. Male genitalia of Galápagos Spilomelinae, a, b and c from same slides, but not to scale, (a) showing the genitalia without phallus, (b), the phallus, and (c) is a close-up of the phallus apex showing the cornuti. (98) Desmia mordor paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8668. (99) Diaphania galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8934. (100) D. hyalinata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8675, Pinta.

Figs 143 - 147. Female genitalia of Neotropical Spilomelinae, not to scale. (143) Cryptobotys zoilusalis: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8958, Brazil. (144) Desmia mordor paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8978. (145) Diaphania galapagensis paratype: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8676. (146) D. hyalinata: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8674, Galápagos, Santa Cruz. (147) D. indica: slide MHNG-ENTO- 8672, Galápagos, San Cristóbal.