Otiorhynchus

Rafał Gosik, Peter Sprick, Jiří Skuhrovec, Magdalena Deruś & Martin Hommes, 2016, Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of the life history traits, Zootaxa 4108 (1), pp. 1-67 : 53-54

Key to larvae of selected Otiorhynchus species

In this key, we included all species described in this paper and all species hitherto described, if chaetotaxy was considered sufficiently: Otiorhynchus ligustici , O. porcatus , O. salicicola (see Gosik & Sprick 2012a), O. nodosus (see Willis 1964) and O. cribricollis (see Grandi 1913), Lockwood & Keifer (1930) and Rosenstiel (1987). Further comments are reported in the following chapter.

1. Prs and pds1, 2,4 on abdominal segment I short, filiform, and pds3,5 long or very long ( Figs. 156–171 ).................... 2

- Prs and pds1, 2,4 on abdominal segment I thorn-like, dark brown, and pds3,5, filiform, medium long ( Fig. 155 )............................................................................ O. (Cryphiphorus) ligustici (Linnaeus) ( Fig. 205 )

2. Postdorsum on metathorax with 5 pds ( Figs. 172–174 )........................................................ 3

- Postdorsum on metathorax with 4 pds ( Figs. 175–186 )....................................................... 6

3. Pds3 on metathorax 2 times shorter than pds2 ( Fig. 172 ). Pds1 on abdominal segment I almost as long as pds2 and pds4 ( Fig. 156 ). Ds2 on abdominal segment IX distinctly longer than ds1 and ds3 ( Fig. 188 ). Postlabium covered by cuticular processes..................................................................................................... 4

- Pds3 on metathorax visibly longer than pds2 ( Figs. 173, 174 ). Pds1 on abdominal segment I 2–3 times as long as pds2 and pds4 ( Figs. 157, 158 ). Ds2 on abdominal segment. IX shorter than ds1 and ds3 ( Figs. 189, 190 ). Postlabium smooth, covered by cuticular processes....................................................................................... 5

4. Pronotum with 7 prns, each thoracic segment with 5 pda, setae fine, rather short ( Fig. 2 )................................................................................... Otiorhynchus (Arammichnus) indefinitus Reitter ( Fig. 203 )

- Pronotum with 9 prns, each thoracic segment with 7 pda, setae well visible, relatively massive............................................................................................. O. (Arammichnus) cribricollis Gyllenhal

5. Pds1 and pds2 on metathorax equal in length ( Fig. 173 ). Meso- and metathorax with 2 as. Body greyish to brown, cuticle espe- cially on dorsal part covered with triangular cuticular processes and more pigmented than on lateral and ventral parts. Head dark brown, almost rounded. Surfaces of labrum densely covered by thorn-like cuticular processes...................................................................................... O. (Choilisanus) raucus (Fabricius) ( Fig. 204 )

- Pds1 on metathorax 3 times longer than pds2 ( Fig. 174 ). Meso- and metathorax with 1 as. Body white to yellowish, cuticular processes very fine. Head light yellow, distinctly narrowed bilaterally. Surface of labrum smooth........................................................................................ O. (Pendragon) ovatus (Linnaeus) ( Fig. 217 )

6. Meso- and metathorax with 4 pds, identical in length ( Figs. 175–183 ; 175a–183a)................................... 7

- Meso- and metathorax with 4 pds, different in length ( Figs. 184–187 ; 184a–187a).................................. 15

7. Meso- and metathoracic pds1 and pds2 equal in length (or almost equal length), both distinctly shorter than pds3 ( Figs. 176–183 )........................................................................................... 8

- Meso- and metathoracic pds1 as long as pds3, both distinctly longer than pds2 ( Fig. 175 )............................................................................................... O. (Pocodalemes) crataegi Germar ( Fig. 218 )

8. Abdominal segment VIII with 5 pds (3 short and 2 long)...................................................... 9

- Abdominal segment VIII with 4 pds (2 short and 2 long) (Fig. 199).. O. (Metopiorrhynchus) singularis (Linnaeus) ( Fig. 208 )

9. Abdominal segments I–VII with only 1 long sps (Figs. 191, 192)............................................... 10

- Abdominal segments I–VII with 1 long and 1 minute sps (Figs. 193–197)....................................... 11

10. Head light yellow. Body slender, milk-white. Clypeus with 1 cls ( Fig. 63 ).... O. (Otiorhynchus) armadillo (Rossi) ( Fig. 210 )

- Head dark yellow. Body rather massive, yellowish. Clypeus with 2 cls ....... O. (Otiorhynchus) salicicola Stierlin ( Fig. 216 )

11. Lms2 slightly longer (maximum 1.33 times) than lms1 and lms3 ( Figs. 85 , 96 , 107 , 118 ).............................. 12

- Lms2 distinctly longer (2 times) than lms1 and lms3 ( Fig. 74 )................. O. (Otiorhynchus) aurifer Boheman ( Fig. 211 )

12. Setae of abdomen fine, transparent............................... O. (Otiorhynchus) meridionalis Gyllenhal ( Fig. 212 )

- Setae of abdomen rather massive, brown or dark yellow.................... O. (Otiorhynchus) tenebricosus complex. 13

13. Eps2 on abdominal segment I–VIII distinctly longer than eps1 (at least 2 times, usually 3 times or more) (Fig. 197). Pms3 dis- tinctly shorter than pms1 and pms2 ( Fig. 121 )..................................... O. lugdunensis (Herbst) ( Fig. 215 )

- Eps2 on abdominal segment I–VIII slightly longer than eps1 (no more than 2 times, usually 1.33 times or less) (Figs. 195, 196). Pms3 slightly shorter or of the same length as pms1 ( Figs. 99 , 110 )............................................. 14

14. Pms3 as long as pms1 ( Fig. 99 ). Pronotum with 4 long and 4 medium long prns ( Fig. 90 )... O. clavipes (Bonsdorff) ( Fig. 213 )

- Pms3 slightly shorter than pms1 ( Fig. 101 ). Pronotum with 4 long and 5 medium long prns ( Fig. 110 )............................................................................................... O. fuscipes (Olivier) ( Fig. 214 )

15. Abdominal segment VIII with 4 (2 long and 2 short) pds (Figs. 197, 199)........................................ 16

- Abdominal segment VIII with 5 (2 long and 3 short) pds ( Fig. 28 ).............................................. 17

16. Labral rods short, reniform ( Fig. 53 ). Epipharynx with nodular cuticular processes. Clypeus with 2 very short, poorly visible cls ( Fig. 53 )...................................................... O. (Nehrodistus) armatus Boheman ( Fig. 209 )

- Labral rods elongated ( Fig. 152 ). Epipharynx covered by thorn-like cuticular processes. Clypeus with 2 medium long cls ( Fig. 152 )......................................................... O. (Zustalestus) rugosostriatus (Goeze) ( Fig. 219 )

17. Setae on body elongated, fine, transparent. Body elongated. Abdominal segment IX mostly with 4 ds (Fig. 201)......... 18

- Setae on body relatively massive, yellow or brownish. Body moderately elongated. Abdominal segment IX with 3 ds (Fig. 202).......................................................... .. O. (Dorymerus) sulcatus (Fabricius) ( Fig. 206 )

18. Clypeus with 1 medium long seta and 1 sensillum............................. O. (Postaremus) nodosus ( O.F. Müller)

- Clypeus with 2 setae and 1 sensillum................................... O. (Lolatismus) porcatus (Herbst) ( Fig. 207 )

Figures

FIGURES 155 – 166. Chaetotaxy of the dorsal part of abdominal segment I. 155 — O. ligustici, 156 — O. indefinitus, 157 — O. raucus, 158 — O. ovatus, 159 — O. crataegi, 160 — O. rugosostriatus, 161 — O. armatus, 162 — O. sulcatus, 163 — O. porcatus, 164 — O. singularis, 165 — O. armadillo, 166 — O. aurifer. (prs — prodorsal seta (e), pds — postdorsal s.).

FIGURES 167 – 174. Chaetotaxy of the dorsal part of abdominal segment I (167 – 171) and mesothorax (172 – 174). 167 — O. meridionalis, 168 — O. salicicola, 169 — O. clavipes (= O. tenebricosus), 170 — O. fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus), 171 — O. lugdunensis, 172 — O. indefinitus, 173 — O. raucus, 174 — O. ovatus. (prs — prodorsal seta (e), pds — postdorsal s.).

FIGURES 203 – 210. Mature larva, lateral view. 203 — O. indefinitus, 204 — O. raucus, 205 — O. ligustici, 206 — O. sulcatus, 207 — O. porcatus, 208 — O. singularis, 209 — O. armatus, 210 — O. armadillo. (Photos by R. Gosik).

FIGURES 175 – 183. Chaetotaxy of the dorsal part of meso- (175 – 183) and metathorax (175 a – 183 a). 175 — O. crataegi, 176 — O. singularis, 177 — O. armadillo, 178 — O. aurifer, 179 — O. meridionalis, 180 — O. salicicola, 181 — O. clavipes (= O. tenebricosus), 182 — O. fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus), 183 — O. lugdunensis. (prs — prodorsal seta (e), pds — postdorsal s.).

FIGURES 184 – 190. Chaetotaxy of the dorsal part of meso- (184 – 187) metathorax (184 a – 187 a) and abdominal segment IX (188 – 190). 184 — O. rugosostriatus, 185 — O. armatus, 186 — O. sulcatus, 187 — O. porcatus, 188 — O. indefinitus, 189 — O. raucus, 190 — O. ovatus. (prs — prodorsal seta (e), pds — postdorsal s., ds — dorsal s.).

FIGURES 1 – 6. Otiorhynchus indefinitus; mature larva. 1 — habitus, lateral view, 2 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 3 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 4 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 5 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 6 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segments, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s., ts — terminal s., BH—body height, BL—body length.

FIGURES 211 – 219. Mature larva, lateral view. 211 — O. aurifer, 212 — O. meridionalis, 213 — O. clavipes (= O. tenebricosus), 214 — O. fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus), 215 — O. lugdunensis, 216 — O. salicicola, 217 — O. ovatus, 218 — O. crataegi, 219 — O. rugosostriatus. (Photos by R. Gosik).

FIGURES 62 – 66. Otiorhynchus armadillo; mature larva and mouthparts. 62 — dorsal view of head, 63 — labrum and clypeus, 64 — epipharynx, 65 — left mandible, 66 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 84 – 88. Otiorhynchus meridionalis; mature larva and mouthparts. 84 — dorsal view of head, 85 — labrum and clypeus, 86 — epipharynx, 87 — left mandible, 88 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 95 – 99. Otiorhynchus clavipes (= O. tenebricosus); mature larva and mouthparts. 95 — dorsal view of head, 96 — labrum and clypeus, 97 — epipharynx, 98 — left mandible, 99 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 106 – 110. Otiorhynchus fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus); mature larva and mouthparts. 106 — dorsal view of head, 107 — labrum and clypeus, 108 — epipharynx, 109 — left mandible, 110 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 117 – 121. Otiorhynchus lugdunensis; mature larva and mouthparts. 117 — dorsal view of head, 118 — labrum and clypeus, 119 — epipharynx, 120 — left mandible, 121 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 73 – 77. Otiorhynchus aurifer; mature larva and mouthparts. 73 — dorsal view of head, 74 — labrum and clypeus, 75 — epipharynx, 76 — left mandible, 77 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 89 – 94. Otiorhynchus clavipes (= O. tenebricosus); mature larva. 89 — habitus, lateral view, 90 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 91 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 92 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 93 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 94 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s., ts — terminal s.

FIGURES 100 – 105. Otiorhynchus fuscipes (= O. tenebricosus); mature larva. 100 — habitus, lateral view, 101 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 102 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 103 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 104 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 105 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s., ts — terminal s.

FIGURES 23 – 28. Otiorhynchus sulcatu s; mature larva. 23 — habitus, lateral view, 24 — lateral view of thoracic segments, 25 — lateral view of abdominal segment I, 26 — lateral view of abdominal segments VIII – IX, 27 — ventral view of abdominal segments VIII – X, 28 — dorsal view of abdominal segments VIII – X. Abbreviations: Ab. — abdominal segment, Th. — thoracic s., I – X—number of segments, prns — pronotal seta (e), prs — prodorsal s., pds — postdorsal s., pda — pedal s., as — alar s., lsts — laterosternal s., eus — eusternal s., ps — pleural s., sps — spiracular s., sts — sternal s., ds — dorsal s., ts — terminal s.

FIGURES 51 – 55. Otiorhynchus armatus; mature larva and mouthparts. 51 — dorsal view of head, 52 — labrum and clypeus, 53 — epipharynx, 54 — left mandible, 55 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.

FIGURES 150 – 154. Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus; mature larva and mouthparts. 150 — dorsal view of head, 151 — labrum and clypeus, 152 — epipharynx, 153 — left mandible, 154 — maxillo-labial complex. Abbreviations: des — dorsoepicranial seta (e), fs — frontal s., les — lateroepicranial s., ves — ventroepicranial s., pes — postepicranial s., at—antenna, st—stemmata, cls — clypeal s., lms — labral s., ams — anteromedial s., als — anterolateral s., mes — medial s., lr—labral rods, mds — mandible dorsal s., dms — dorsal malae s., vms — ventral malae s., mxps — maxillary palps s., pfs — palpiferal s., stps — stipal s., mbs — mandible basiventral s., prms — prelabial s., pms — postlabial s., ligs — ligular s.