Paragabara curvicornuta Kononenko & Matov

Kononenko, Vladimir S., Han, Hui-Lin, Yu, Alexej & V, Ато, 2010, A review of the Eastern Palaearctic genera Paragona Staudinger, 1892 and Paragabara Hampson, 1926 with description of two new species and a new genus (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Aventiinae, Hypeninae), Zootaxa 2679, pp. 51-68 : 59-60

Paragabara curvicornuta Kononenko & Matov , sp. n.

( Figs. 14 , 25, 26 , 35 )

Types. Holotype: male, Primorye terr., Spassk district, Jakovlevka, 29.vi. 1926, leg. A.M. Djakonov & I.N. Filipjev [ZISP]. Paratypes: 1 male, Primorye terr., De-Friz peninsula, 26.vii.1963, leg. M. Omel’ko; 1 female, south Primorye terr., Peishula, 15.vii.1963, leg. M.I. Fal’kovich; 1 male Primorye terr., vicinity of Vladivostok, Okeanskaya, biological station, 20.vii.1963, leg. M.I. Falkovich [ZISP]; 2 males 1 females, Primorye terr., Spassky distr. Dmitrievka, 15.vii–4.viii. 1984 ex larva on soya (Kulikova) (IBSS); 1 males Japan, ex coll. K.S. Popov, female [ZISP].

Diagnosis. P. curvicornuta is similar to P. flavomacula and P. ochreipennis , but differs from both species in somewhat smaller size and in presence of waved indistinct subbasal line in forewing. In wing pattern it differs from P. flavomacula by paler reddish-yellow ground colour (pale lilaceous grey in P. flavomacula ), by shape of antemedial line, which is with invagination in mid part (like in P. ochreipennis ), and edged outsides by diffused whitish line similar to P. flavomacula , by postmedial line, which is excurved from costa to vein 6 like in P. ochreipennis , (obliquely straight in P. flavomacula ), angled there and thence evenly incurved, edged outsides with thin whitish line similar to P. flavomacula and by shape of reniform. In the male genitalia P. curvicornuta most close to P. flavomacula , but differs in somewhat more massive uncus, much longer (about 3 times) and thinner apical extension of costa and by shape and structure of vesica, having short diverticula armed with strong, hook like curved cornutus and very long diverticula armed with strong straight cornutus. In female genitalia, ductus bursae, S-shaped curved, sclerotized, much narrower than in P. flavomacula , antevaginal plate with two finger-like lateral extensions.

Description. Adult ( Fig. 14 ). Palps, head and tegulae yellow, similar to flavomacula ; pattern of forewing almost identical, with ground colour pale pinkish-yellow, irrorated with ochreous brown; antemedial line brown, diffuse, darker and wider in costal area, angulated just below costa, then nearly oblique, indented at median trunk, edged outsides by whitish suffusion like in flavomacula ; reniform yellow, more rounded and prominent, than in P. flavomacula ; median area usually suffused with ochreous brown, medial shadow, which defined posteriorly by brown, postmedial line, which is excurved from costa to vein 6 (obliquely straight in P. flavomacula ), angled there and thence evenly incurved, edged outsides with whitish; subterminal line dark, dentate, sometimes indistinct; edged outside with pale suffusion; terminal area tinged with pinky-yellowishgrey from apex to near vein 2; cilia pale greyish yellow with pale basal line. Hindwing pale pinky-yellowish grey, more or less infuscate, medial line obsolete, with no discal mark; cilia pale pinky-yellowish grey.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 26 ). Uncus somewhat more massive than in P. flavomacula , basally thin, extended apically, splitted on tip; tegumen broad, vinculum narrow; juxta shield-like. Shape of valva similar to those of P. flavomacula : saccus small; saccular extension very large, massive, directed along ventral margin of valva; costa somewhat more massive than in P. flavomacula , with thin, curved apically free extension, which is 3 times longer than those in P. flavomacula . Aedeagus with two diverticula, short one bearing large curved cornutus, long one armed by strong straight cornutus.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 35 ). Papillae anales quadrangular, narrower than in P. flavomacula and P. ochreipennis ; apophyses posterior long, anterior ones 3 times shorter; antevaginal plate expressed, with two lateral finger-like extensions; ductus bursae well shaped, narrower than in P. flavomaculata , sclerotized, with sclerotized lateral extension, fold and less sclerotized area in caudal part; corpus bursae rounded, bearing minute spine-like signa on inner part of the bursae wall.

Etymology. The specific name “ curvicornuta ” refers to the characteristic curved cornutus in the vesica.

Distribution and biology. ( Fig. 44 ). Manchurian, nemoral. Far East (Primorye terr.). China, Korea, Japan. Mesophilous species, occurs sympatrically with preceding species in meadows, woodsides, among bushes, edges of fields; it is rather common on plantations of soybean. The moth flies from mid June to end of July. The larva feed on green and dead leaves of soybean ( Glycine soy).

Notes. In applied entomological literature the species have been confused with Paragabara flavomacula and reported for Primorye terr. as the secondary pest of soybean.

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 16. Paragabara sp., external appearance. 9. P. flavomacula, male, lectotype, Russia, Primorye terr. (BMNH); 10. Ditto, underside; 11. Lectotype labels. 12. P. flavomacula, male, China (ZFMK); 13. P. ochreipennis, male, China (ZFMK); 14. P. curvicornuta, female, Russia, Primorye terr. (IBSS); 15. Remmigabara secunda, Russia, Primorye terr.; 16. Britha inambitiosa, Japan (coll. K. Eda).

FIGURES 23 – 28. Paragabara, Remmigabara and Britha, male genitalia. 23. Paragabara flavomacula, Russia Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 24. P. ochreipennis, Russia Primorye terr., prep. 0085 Matov (ZISP); 25. P. curvicornuta, paratype, Russia Primorye terr., prep 0083 Matov (ZISP); 26.. P. curvicornuta, paratype, Russia Primorye terr., glycerin prep. 2335 VK (ZFMK), everted vesica: North China, prep. HHL (NEFU); 27. Remmigabara secunda, S Korea, prep. 275 - 1 HHL (CIS); 28. Britha inambitiosa, Japan prep. K. Eda.

FIGURES 29 – 36. Paragona, Paragabara and Remmigabara, female genitalia. 29. P. cognata, Russia, Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 30. P. multisignata, N China, prep. 798 HHL (CIS); 31. P. inchoata, South Korea, prep. 277 - 2 HHL (CIS); 32. P. n e m o r a t a, paratype, South Korea, prep. 1050 - 1 HHL (KNA); 33. Paragabara flavomacula, Russia, Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 34. P. ochreipennis, Japan, prep. 0080 Matov (ZISP); 35. P. curvicornuta, Russia, Primorye terr., prep. 0086 Matov. (ZISP); 36. Remmigabara secunda, S Korea, prep. 275 - 2 HHL (CIS);

FIGURES 37 – 44. Paragona, Paragabara and Remmigabara, distribution maps. 37. Paragona cognata; 38. P. multisignata; 39. P. inchoata; 40. P. cleoridis; 41. P. n emor at a; 42. Paragabara flavomacula; 43. P. ochreipennis; 44. P. curvicornuta; 46. Remmigabara secunda.