Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797)

James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Proboscidea, Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections, pp. 307-307 : 307

Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach, 1797) . Hand. Hilfsb. Nat., 5th ed., p. 125.

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Orange River .

DISTRIBUTION: S. Mauritania to Ethiopia and South Africa; extinct in N. Africa.

COMMENT: Includes cyclotis ; see Sikes, 1971, The Natural History of the African Elephant, but also see Haltenorth and Diller, 1977, Saugetiere Africas und Madagaskars, BLV, München, p. 130, who considered pumilio (a junior synonym of cyclotis ) as a distinct species. For alternative discussions of variation in this species, see Ansell, 1971, Part 11:1-5; Ellerman, Morrison-Scott and Hayman, 1953; and Coppens et al., in Maglio and Cooke, 1978. Reviewed by Laursen and Bekoff, 1978, Mamm. Species, 92:1-8. Type locality restricted by Pohle, 1926, Z. Saugetierk., 1:63.

PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II and U.S. ESA - Threatened.

ISIS NUMBER: 5301415001002001001.