Trepobates Uhler

Konopko, Susana Amanda & Mazzucconi, Silvia Ana, 2011, The immature stages of the genus Trepobates Uhler (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae), with an identification key to instars and the description of the nymphs of T. tay lo ri (Kirkaldy), Zootaxa 2733, pp. 1-15 : 3-12

Trepobates Uhler

Egg. EL: 0.86–1.10 mm. EW: 0.23–0.35 mm. Elongate oval shape, EL/EW: 3.00–4.00. Rounded at both ends; anterior and posterior ends similar in shape ( Fig. 1 ) or posterior end slightly more ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 1 ) or less pointed than anterior end. Chorionic surface with an irregular reticulation.

First nymph

Marking pattern. Ground colour pale with dark markings. Head dark dorsally with ecdysial line pale ( Fig. 2 ). Rostrum with apical segment darker. Prothorax pale with one subrectangular dark marking on each side of the notum reaching the anterior margin ( Fig. 2 ). Mesothorax pale with one subovate dark marking on each side of the notum ( Fig. 2 ), and an elongate dark marking lateroventrally on anterior margin ( Figs. 3–4 ); acetabula dark ( Figs. 3–4 ). Metathorax pale with a dark marking on each side of the notum ( Fig. 2 ); acetabula dark ( Figs. 2–3 ). Abdomen pale with a dark marking on each side of each tergite; intersegmental boundaries next to the markings, darker ( Figs. 2–3 ).

Body. Elongate. BL: 0.68–1.14 mm. BW: 0.36–0.55 mm.

Head. HW: 0.30–0.37 mm; Y-shaped ecdysial line clearly distinct, with long stem ( Fig. 2 ). Eyes with inner margins convexly rounded ( Fig. 2 ). Antennae: Segment IV longest and I longer than II and III. Length: I, 0.09–0.15 mm; II, 0.06–0.09 mm; III, 0.05–0.11 mm; IV, 0.16–0.22 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.40–0.53 mm.

Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular, short, slightly expanded on the mesonotum ( Fig. 2 ). Mesonotum long, clearly longer than pro- and metanotum; lateral margins convex ( Fig. 2 ). Metanotum short ( Fig. 2 ). Fore legs: femur and tibia similar in length, longer than tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.20–0.24 mm; Ti, 0.18–0.23 mm; Ta, 0.11–0.15 mm. Middle legs: tibia longest and femur shorter than tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.39–0.54 mm; Ti, 0.65–0.84 mm; Ta, 0.43–0.65 mm. Hind legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia. Length: Fe, 0.37–0.52 mm; Ti, 0.32–0.40 mm; Ta, 0.25–0.32 mm.

Abdomen. Sexes not distinguishable. Sternite VIII without medial impression; sternite IX indistinct ( Fig. 4 ).

Second nymph

Similar to first nymph except for the following features:

Marking pattern. Ground colour pale with paler and dark markings. Head dark dorsally with an Y-shaped pale marking ( Fig. 6 ), or pale with a medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: subsquare ( Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 b), subtriangular ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 3 ) or anchor-shaped ( Matsuda 1962: Pt. 1, Fig. 2 ) with a notch at the posterior end, or bilobed ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3 ). Pronotum: dark markings with a closed ( Fig. 6 ) or open ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 3 ) pale area reaching the posterior side of each marking. Mesonotum: subovate dark markings surrounded by a pale area and with a pale marking variable in shape and position: subtriangular, on the anterior half ( Fig. 6 ) or all along the dark marking ( Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 b); subrounded, central ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3 ); subovate, central ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 3 ); or elongate, posteriorly open ( Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 2 ).

Body. BL: 1.00– 1.53 mm. BW: 0.62–0.75 mm.

Head. HW: 0.40–0.50 mm; Y-shaped ecdysial line slightly distinct, with short stem ( Fig. 6 ) or indistinct ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 3 ). Antennae: length: I, 0.14–0.22 mm; II, 0.08–0.13 mm; III, 0.07–0.15 mm; IV, 0.21–0.28 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.53–0.70 mm.

Thorax. Fore legs length: Fe, 0.27–0.33 mm; Ti, 0.20–0.32 mm; Ta, 0.13–0.17 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 0.55–0.70 mm; Ti, 0.86–1.14 mm; Ta, 0.63–0.82 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 0.55–0.77 mm; Ti, 0.36–0.52 mm; Ta, 0.30–0.38 mm.

Third nymph

Similar to second nymph except for the following features:

Marking pattern. Head pale dorsally with the following dark markings: posterior margin ( Fig. 7 ); internal margin of the eyes ( Fig. 7 ); 1 ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 4 ) or 2 ( Fig. 7 ) small markings on each side; medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: W-shaped ( Hoffman 1924), anchor-shaped with a notch at the posterior end ( Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 3 ), bilobed ( Fig. 7 ) or rectangular ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 4 ). Mesonotum: pale markings of dark markings variable in shape and position: one subovate on the anterior two thirds, and one transversal on the posterior third ( Fig. 7 ); subovate, central ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 4 ) or all along the dark marking ( Bobb 1974: Fig. 11 b); or elongate, laterally ( Bobb 1974: Fig. 11 d) or posteriorly open ( Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 c). Abdomen: dark markings connected or not with each other on each tergite ( Fig. 7 ).

Body. BL: 1.72–2.23 mm. BW: 0.90–1.07 mm.

Head. HW: 0.58–0.63 mm. Antennae: segment IV longest and I longer than II and III; segment IV sometimes as long as I. Length: I, 0.22–0.31 mm; II, 0.12–0.18 mm; III, 0.08–0.24 mm; IV, 0.25–0.36 mm; I+II+III+IV: 0.74– 1.09 mm.

Thorax. Fore legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia; femur sometimes as long as tibia. Length: Fe, 0.41–0.48 mm; Ti, 0.32–0.43 mm; Ta, 0.15–0.22 mm. Middle legs: femur shorter or as long as tarsus. Length: Fe, 0.73–1.00 mm; Ti, 1.15–1.80 mm; Ta, 0.82–1.22 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 0.80–1.12 mm; Ti, 0.40–0.76 mm; Ta, 0.36–0.56 mm.

Fourth nymph

Similar to third nymph except for the following features:

Marking pattern. Head dorsal dark markings: present ( Fig. 8 ) or absent ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 5 ) on internal margin of the eyes; medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: anchor-shaped with ( Matsuda 1962: Pt. 2, Fig. 4 ) or without ( Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 d) a notch at the posterior end, bilobed ( Fig. 8 ) or rectangular ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 5 ). Pronotum: pale area of the dark markings open, reaching the posterior side of each marking ( Fig. 8 ).

Body. BL: 1.75–2.97 mm. BW: 0.85–1.32 mm.

Head. HW: 0.69–0.78 mm. Antennae: segments IV and I longer than II and III; segment IV sometimes as long as or longer than I. Length: I, 0.34–0.52 mm; II, 0.20–0.32 mm; III, 0.11–0.40 mm; IV, 0.35–0.52 mm; I+II+III+IV: 1.07–1.76 mm.

Thorax. Fore legs: femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia. Length: Fe, 0.58–0.70 mm; Ti, 0.46–0.58 mm; Ta, 0.25–0.32 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 0.97–1.49 mm; Ti, 1.57–2.71 mm; Ta, 1.08–1.74 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 1.12–1.85 mm; Ti, 0.43–1.10 mm; Ta, 0.46–0.78 mm.

Abdomen. Sexes distinguishable. Sternite VIII: 3, not subcylindrical, without a medial impression, and posterior margin not notched medially ( Fig. 9 ); Ƥ, with a longitudinal medial impression slightly distinct, and posterior margin sligthly notched medially ( Fig. 10 ). Sternite IX: 3, clearly distinct ( Fig. 9 ); Ƥ, slightly distinct ( Fig. 10 ).

Fifth nymph

Similar to fourth nymph except for the following features:

Marking pattern. Head dorsal dark markings: laterally on posterior margin ( Fig. 11 ); medial dark marking extending forward, variable in shape: anchor-shaped ( Pearson 1979: Fig. 2 e) or bilobed ( Fig. 11 ). Mesonotum: pale markings of dark markings variable in shape and position: subovate, central ( Kittle & McCraw 1981: Fig. 6 ) or all along the dark marking ( Kittle 1985: Fig. 6 ); elongate, laterally ( Kittle & McCraw 1981) or posteriorly open ( Fig. 11 ).

Body. BL: 2.40–4.16 mm. BW: 1.15–1.98 mm.

Head. HW: 0.85–0.93 mm. Antennae: segment I longest and II shortest; IV longer than III; IV sometimes as long as I and III. Length: I, 0.45–1.06 mm; II, 0.30–0.48 mm; III, 0.27–0.61 mm; IV, 0.45–0.59 mm; I+II+III+IV: 1.62–2.74 mm.

Thorax. Fore legs length: Fe, 0.70–1.02 mm; Ti, 0.55–0.84 mm; Ta, 0.30–0.47 mm. Middle legs length: Fe, 1.33–2.05 mm; Ti, 2.28–4.04 mm; Ta, 1.48–2.36 mm. Hind legs length: Fe, 1.63–2.71 mm; Ti, 0.89–1.57 mm; Ta, 0.62–1.09 mm.

Abdomen. Sternite VIII: 3, subcylindrical, without a medial impression, and posterior margin not notched ( Fig. 12 ); Ƥ, with a longitudinal medial impression clearly distinct, and posterior margin strongly notched medially ( Fig. 13 ). Sternite IX: 3, conspicuous ( Fig. 12 ); Ƥ, reduced ( Fig. 13 ).

Key to the five nymphal instars of Trepobates (for specimens of both sexes with or without distinct wing pads)

1 Y-shaped ecdysial line of the head clearly distinct, with long stem ( Fig. 2 ). Dark markings on the pro- and mesonotum without pale areas ( Fig. 2 ).................................................................................. Nymph I

- Y-shaped ecdysial line of the head indistinct ( Fig. 11 ); if distinct, with short stem ( Fig. 6 ). Dark markings on the pro- and mesonotum with pale areas ( Fig. 6 )........................................................................... 2

2 Middle Fe+Ti+Ta length ≤ 2.65 mm. Fore femur length ≤ 0.35 mm .......................................... Nymph II

- Middle Fe+Ti+Ta length> 2.65 mm. Fore femur length> 0.35 mm ................................................. 3

3 Urosternites VIII without medial impression and IX indistinct (as in Fig. 4 )................................. Nymph III

- Urosternites VIII with medial impression (in females, Figs. 10, 13 ) or IX clearly distinct (in males, Figs. 9, 12 )........... 4

4 Urosternites VIII with medial impression slightly distinct and posterior margin sligthly notched medially (in females, Fig. 10 ) or IX inconspicuous (if so, VIII not subcylindrical) (in males, Fig. 9 )................................... Nymph IV

- Urosternites VIII with medial impression clearly distinct and posterior margin strongly notched medially (in females, Fig. 13 ) or IX conspicuous (if so, VIII subcylindrical) (in males, Fig. 12 )........................................ Nymph V

Trepobates taylori (Kirkaldy) ( Figs. 1–13 ; Tables 1–2)

Material examined. ARGENTINA: Jujuy Province, Aguas Calientes, Arroyo Aguas Calientes, 1100 m a.s.l., 18/ XII/2004, S. A. Mazzucconi coll. (6 dissected eggs, 5 nymphs I, 10 nymphs II, 10 nymphs III, 10 nymphs IV (5 3, 5 Ƥ), 10 nymphs V (5 3, 5 Ƥ)).

Egg ( Fig. 1 )

EL: 1.05–1.10 mm. EW: 0.30–0.35 mm. EL/EW: 3.00–3.67, relatively large, about 0.26–0.28x body length of Ƥ. Anterior and posterior ends rounded, similar in shape; slightly concave at anterior end, where the micropyle (indistinct) is placed ( Fig. 1 ). Chorionic surface with an irregular reticulation.

First nymph ( Figs. 2–5 )

Colour. Ground colour testaceous with reddish-brown markings; with dark pubescence on terga and pleura, and pale pubescence on sterna. Head reddish-brown except ecdysial line and ventral surface testaceous ( Figs. 2–4 ). Eyes dark red. Rostrum reddish-brown, apical segment darker ( Figs. 3–4 ). Antennae reddish-brown, except segment III basally and all the intersegmental boundaries, pale; with dark pubescence. Prothorax testaceous with one subrectangular reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum reaching the anterior margin ( Fig. 2 ); acetabula reddish-brown ( Figs. 3–4 ). Mesothorax testaceous with one subovate reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum, reaching the anterior and posterior margins of the segment ( Fig. 2 ), and an elongate reddishbrown marking lateroventrally on anterior margin, posterior to proacetabula ( Figs. 3–4 ); intersegmental boundary between pro- and mesonotum at the mesonotal markings, darker ( Fig. 2 ); acetabula reddish-brown ( Figs. 3–4 ). Metathorax testaceous with one subtriangular reddish-brown marking on each side of the notum, continuous with the markings of the mesonotum ( Fig. 2 ); acetabula reddish-brown with posterior margin pale dorsally ( Fig. 2 ). Legs reddish-brown with apex of fore femur and middle and hind (anterior surface) trochanters pale, and fore tarsus dark; with dark pubescence. Abdomen testaceous with proctiger and a small marking on each side of each tergite reaching (segments I–II) or not (segments III–VIII) the anterior margin, reddish-brown; intersegmental boundaries III–VIII next to the markings, darker ( Figs. 2–3 ).

Body. BL/BW: 1.83–2.14, suboval ( Fig. 2 ), with short dense pubescence. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.

Head. Short, (HL/HW: 0.29–0.38); anterior margin rounded; Y-shaped ecdysial line clearly distinct, with long stem ( Fig. 2 ); with 4–6 long setae, near the anterior and dorsal (inner) margins of the eyes; dorsal surface with 4 trichobothria on each side: 3 anterior to the eyes, situated on the angles of a triangle, and 1 near to the posterior margin of the head. Eyes with 2 long setae (dorsal longest than ventral) between the posterior ommatidia. Rostrum short (not surpassing the anterior fourth of the mesosternum at rest), stout; RL/HW: 0.76–0.81; segment III longest, II shortest, and I shorter than IV; I:II:III:IV=0.56–0.63:0.22–0.25:1.00:0.67–0.75 ( Figs. 3–4 ). Antennae short (AL/ BL: 0.46–0.55), with short dense pubescence; segment IV longest, II shortest, and I longer than III; I:II:III:IV=0.60–0.69:0.40–0.47:0.47–0.53:1.00; segment I slightly curved, dorsally with 2 long setae: 1 on the medial third (seta length 1.11x segment I width), and 1 preapical (seta length 1.26x segment I width), and 1 basal campaniform sensillum; segment II subcylindrical, dorsally with 1 long preapical seta (seta length 1.61x segment II width) and 1 apical campaniform sensillum; segment III subcylindrical and IV fusiform ( Fig. 5 ).

Thorax. Pronotum shorter or longer (PrL/HL: 0.82–1.13) and slightly narrower (PrW/HW: 0.93–0.97) than head; anterior margin slightly concave in the middle, lateral margins convex, and posterior margin from straight to slightly convex ( Fig. 2 ). Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 2.13–2.63; MsL/MtL: 2.33–3.50; posterior margin slightly concave ( Fig. 2 ). Mesosternum sligthly flattened ( Fig. 3 ); posterior margin concave ( Fig. 4 ). Metanotum shorter than or as long as pronotum (MtL/PrL: 0.66–1.00); posterior margin concave ( Fig. 2 ). Metasternum posterior margin almost straight ( Fig. 4 ). Metasternal scent apparatus absent; metasternum without a transversal duct. Metacetabula with long setae near the joint with the coxa. Meso- and metathoracic spiracles indistinct. Ecdysial line slightly distinct on pro-, meso- and metanotum (not illustrated). Fore legs relatively short (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.52–0.60), with short dense pubescence; femur longest and tarsus shorter than tibia; FE:TI:TA=1.00:0.84– 0.95:0.47–0.56; coxa short, subconical, with long apical setae on anterior and posterior surfaces; trochanter short; femur subcylindrical, slightly curved; tibia subcylindrical, straight; tarsus subovate, with long setae along the segment, in almost regular rows; two short falcate claws. Middle legs long (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.73–1.88), slender, with short dense pubescence; tibia longest and femur shorter than tarsus; FE:TI:TA= 1.00:1.50–1.76:1.08–1.30; coxa subconical; trochanter short; femur, tibia and tarsus subcylindrical, straight; two short straight claws. Hind legs long (FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.10–1.18), slender, with short dense pubescence; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:0.75–0.83:0.58– 0.63; coxa subconical; trochanter short; femur, tibia and tarsus subcylindrical, straight; two short straight claws. Wing pads absent.

Abdomen. Posterior margin of tergites slightly concave and sternites from slightly convex to almost straight; proctiger with rounded apex; spiracles indistinct ( Figs. 2, 4 ).

Second nymph ( Fig. 6 )

Similar to first nymph except for the following features:

Colour. Ground colour light reddish-brown dorsally and laterally with dark and pale markings, and testaceous ventrally. Head dark reddish-brown dorsally with an Y-shaped pale marking (on the area of the ecdysial line) ( Fig. 6 ). Rostrum light reddish-brown, segment I paler and IV darker. Antennae light reddish-brown with segment III basally and all the intersegmental boundaries paler. Pronotum: subrectangular markings dark reddish-brown with a closed pale area ( Fig. 6 ); proacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum). Mesonotum: subovate markings dark reddish-brown with a longitudinal pale marking on the anterior half and surrounded by a pale area ( Fig. 6 ); mesoacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum) with a testaceous marking dorsally; lateroventral markings on anterior margin dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the ones on the notum), subquadrangular, near mesothoracical spiracles. Metanotum: subtriangular markings dark reddish-brown surrounded by a pale area ( Fig. 6 ); metacetabula dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings of the notum) with testaceous distal area. Meso- and metathoracic spiracles dark reddish-brown. Legs dark reddish-brown with apex of fore femur and middle and hind (anterior surface) trochanters pale, and fore tarsus dark. Abdomen light reddish-brown with proctiger and a small marking on each side of each tergite dark reddish-brown; markings on tergites I–II surrounded by a pale area; posterior margin of tergites III–VIII pale ( Fig. 6 ).

Body. BL/BW: 1.60–2.00. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.

Head. HL/HW: 0.33–0.44; Y-shaped ecdysial line slightly distinct, with short stem ( Fig. 6 ). Rostrum: RL/HW: 0.74–0.79; I:II:III:IV=0.43–0.50:0.14–0.17:1.00:0.57–0.67. Antennae: AL/BL: 0.46–0.68; I:II:III:IV=0.55– 0.67:0.36–0.55:0.45–0.67:1.00. Segment I: medial third seta absent; preapical seta length 0.93x segment I width. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.90x segment II width.

Thorax. Pronotum shorter than head (PrL/HL: 0.75–0.88); PrW/HW: 0.89–0.95 ( Fig. 6 ). Mesonotum: MsL/ PrL: 2.13–2.63; MsL/MtL: 2.33–3.50. Metanotum: MtL/PrL: 0.67–1.00. Spiracles: mesothoracic laterally on the prothorax close to the intersegmental boundary with the mesothorax; metathoracic laterally on the mesothorax close to the intersegmental boundary with the metathorax, smaller than mesothoracic ones. Ecdysial line clearly distinct dorsally on thorax and abdominal segment I ( Fig. 6 ). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.50–0.68; femur longer or as long as tibia; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.67–1.00:0.42–0.50. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.79–2.55; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:1.39–1.70:1.07–1.15. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.11–1.55; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.69–0.71:0.48– 0.54.

Abdomen. Spiracles distinct: I, dorsal; II–VIII, lateral.

Third nymph ( Fig. 7 )

Similar to second nymph except for the following features:

Colour. Head light reddish-brown dorsally with the following dark reddish-brown markings ( Fig. 7 ): posterior margin (except on the middle line); internal margin of the eyes; medial bilobed marking narrowing ahead and reaching the anteclypeus; 2 small markings on each side anterior to the eyes, in contact or not with the medial marking. Rostrum light brown with segment I testaceous and IV dark reddish-brown. Antennae dark reddish-brown with segment I (except distally on dorsal surface and basally), segment III basally, and all the intersegmental boundaries, pale. Proacetabula light reddish-brown. Mesonotum: subovate dark reddish-brown markings only reaching the anterior margin, with a longitudinal pale marking on the anterior two thirds, a transversal pale marking on the posterior third, and a pale area surrounding the internal margin ( Fig. 7 ); mesoacetabula with a testaceous marking dorsally, and dark reddish-brown laterally (slightly paler than the markings on the notum) with a pale area. Metacetabula light reddish-brown with posterior margin and lateral area dark reddish-brown (slightly paler than the markings on the notum). Fore femur basally and apically pale. Abdomen: tergite I with a small dark reddishbrown marking on each side around the spiracle; markings on tergite III surrounded by a pale area; markings on tergites IV–VIII connected with each other ( Fig. 7 ).

Body. BL/BW: 1.86–2.03. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.

Head. HL/HW: 0.42–0.43. Y-shaped ecdysial line indistinct. Rostrum: RL/HW: 0.79–0.83; I:II:III:IV=0.44:0.11:1.00:0.56–0.67. Antennae: AL/BL: 0.45–0.57; segment IV longer than or as long as I and II-III shortest, subequal in length; I:II:III:IV=0.77–1.00:0.54–0.70:0.54–0.80:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.91x segment I width; with 6 long apical setae dorsally. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.88x segment II width.

Thorax. Pronotum shorter or as long as head (PrL/HL: 0.80–1.00); PrW/HW: 0.83–0.88. Mesonotum: MsL/ PrL: 2.00–2.50; MsL/MtL: 2.50–2.86. Metanotum shorter than pronotum (MtL/PrL: 0.88–0.70). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 0.56–0.59; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:0.83–1.00:0.32–0.41. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.83–2.07; femur shorter or as long as tarsus; Fe:Ti:Ta= 1.00:1.61–1.73:1.00–1.13. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 1.19–1.30; Fe:Ti:Ta=1.00:0.63–0.66:0.47–0.49.

Fourth nymph ( Figs. 8–10 )

Similar to third nymph except for the following features:

Colour. Pronotum: pale area of the subrectangular dark reddish-brown markings open, reaching the posterior side of each marking ( Fig. 8 ). Metacetabula testaceous dorsally with lateral area and internal marking dark reddishbrown; lateral area slightly paler than the markings on the notum. Hind coxa with posterior surface pale distally. Abdomen: markings on tergite III not surrounded by a pale area and connected with each other; tergites III–VIII light reddish-brown without pale posterior margin ( Fig. 8 ).

Body. BL/BW: 3, 2.00–2.18; Ƥ, 2.17–2.84. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.

Head. HL/HW: 3, 0.36–0.43; Ƥ, 0.33–0.40. Rostrum, 3 and Ƥ: RL/HW: 0.80–1.00; I:II:III:IV=0.50– 0.60:0.17–0.20:1.00:0.67–0.80. Antennae, 3 and Ƥ: AL/BL: 0.53–0.77; I:II:III:IV=0.88–1.00:0.56–0.67:0.56– 0.75:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.69x segment I width; with 3 basal campaniform sensilla dorsolaterally. Segment II: preapical seta length 0.80x segment II width; the apical campaniform sensillum indistinct.

Thorax. Pronotum shorter, longer or as long as head (PrL/HL: 3, 0.67–1.00; Ƥ, 1.00–1.20); PrW/HW: 3, 0.79–0.86; Ƥ, 0.86–0.87; anterior margin from almost straight to sligthly concave ( Fig. 8 ). Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 3, 2.17–2.78; Ƥ, 2.17–2.40. MsL/MtL: 3, 2.60–3.00; Ƥ, 2.75–3.25. Metanotum shorter or as long as pronotum (MtL/PrL: 3, 0.80–1.00; Ƥ, 0.67–0.80). Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 0.57–0.78; Ƥ, 0.54–0.83; femur longest; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.85:0.38; Ƥ, 1.00:0.77–0.85:0.38. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.90–2.60; Ƥ, 1.92–2.80; femur shorter (3 and Ƥ) or as long as tarsus (3); Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:1.68–1.80:1.00–1.08; Ƥ, 1.00:1.65–1.74:1.07– 1.11. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.18–1.65; Ƥ, 1.25–1.71; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.55–0.62:0.39–0.43; Ƥ, 1.00:0.55–0.67:0.40–0.48.

Fifth nymph ( Figs. 11–13 )

Similar to fourth nymph except for the following features:

Colour. Head dorsally with posterior margin ligth reddish-brown medially and dark reddish-brown laterally ( Fig. 11 ). Mesonotum: subovate dark reddish-brown markings with the longitudinal pale marking in contact with the transversal one, and surrounded by a pale area ( Fig. 11 ). Metacetabula with posterior margin dark reddishbrown. Abdomen: tergite I with dark reddish-brown markings reaching the anterior margin very reduced and dark reddish-brown markings around the spiracles, surrounded by a pale area; markings on tergite III surrounded by a pale area; tergites IV–VII with transverse pale area between very reduced dark reddish-brown markings; tergite VIII with an anterior dark reddish-brown marking and a posterior pale marking on each side ( Fig. 11 ).

Body. BL/BW: 3, 2.04–2.27; Ƥ, 2.09–2.42. Measurements that characterize the body shape are shown in Table 1.

Head. HL/HW: 3, 0.33–0.50; Ƥ, 0.29–0.41. Rostrum, 3 and Ƥ: RL/HW: 0.78–0.94; I:II:III:IV=0.38– 0.46:0.13–0.15:1.00:0.53–0.64. Antennae: AL/BL: 3, 0.57–0.71; Ƥ, 0.62–0.79. Segment II shortest (3 and Ƥ), I longer than (3 and Ƥ) or as long as (Ƥ) III–IV, III shorter than (3 and Ƥ) or as long as (Ƥ) IV. I:II:III:IV= 3, 0.90– 1.30:0.60–0.80:0.80–1.00:1.00; Ƥ, 1.10–1.30:0.70–0.80:0.82–0.90:1.00. Segment I: preapical seta length 0.64x segment I width; with 8 long apical setae dorsally; with 4 basal campaniform sensilla (1 dorsolateral and 3 ventral). Segment II: preapical seta length 0.60x segment II width.

Thorax. Pronotum: PrL/HL: 3, 0.75–1.17; Ƥ, 1.00–1.20; PrW/HW: 3, 0.83–0.94; Ƥ, 0.78–0.94. Mesonotum: MsL/PrL: 3, 2.13–2.67; Ƥ, 2.00–2.50. MsL/MtL: 3, 2.50–3.00; Ƥ, 2.33–3.50. Metanotum: MtL/PrL: 3, 0.75– 1.00; Ƥ, 0.63–1.00. Fore legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 0.58–0.80; Ƥ, 0.59–0.85. Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.74–0.93:0.39– 0.57; Ƥ, 1.00:0.58–0.84:0.32–0.39. Femur: 3, curved; Ƥ, straight. Middle legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 2.00–2.76; Ƥ, 2.00–2.71; femur shorter (3), longer (3 and Ƥ) or as long as tarsus (Ƥ); Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:1.70–1.94:0.94– 1.15; Ƥ, 1.00:1.74–1.80:0.94–1.00. Hind legs: FeL+TiL+TaL/BL: 3, 1.29–1.67; Ƥ, 1.27–1.77; Fe:Ti:Ta= 3, 1.00:0.53–0.57:0.35–0.38; Ƥ, 1.00:0.52–0.56:0.33–0.39.

Abdomen. Posterior margin of tergites: I–VI, concave; VII, sligthly convex; VIII: Ƥ, sligthly concave ( Fig. 11 ), and 3, with a medial notch. Posterior margin of sternites: II–VI, from slightly convex to almost straight; VII: 3, concave ( Fig. 12 ), and Ƥ, slightly expanded medially ( Fig. 13 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Trepobates taylori. 1 — Egg. 2 – 4, Nymph I: 2 — dorsal view, 3 — lateral view, 4 — ventral view. 5 — Nymph I, antenna, dorsal surface. 6 — Nymph II, dorsal view. 7 — Nymph III, dorsal view. 8 — Nymph IV Ƥ, dorsal view. Scale bars: Fig. 1 = 0.50 mm; Figs. 2 – 4 = 0.40 mm; Fig. 5 = 0.10 mm; Fig. 6 = 0.60 mm; Fig. 7 = 0.70 mm; Fig. 8 = 1.00 mm.

FIGURES 9 – 13. Trepobates taylori. 9 – 10, Nymph IV, posterior end of abdomen, ventral view: 9 — 3, 10 — Ƥ. 11 — Nymph V Ƥ, dorsal view. 12 – 13, Nymph V, posterior end of abdomen, ventral view: 12 — 3, 13 — Ƥ. S 7: sternite 7; S 8: sternite 8; S 9: sternite 9. Scale bars: Figs. 9 – 10 = 0.13 mm; Fig. 11 = 1.00 mm; Figs. 12 – 13: 0.20 mm.