Exosehirus validus (Jakovlev, 1877)

Gapon, Dmitry A., 2021, Revision of the genus Exosehirus (Heteroptera: Cydnidae), with the description of two new species, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 61 (1), pp. 133-161 : 144-151

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.37520/aemnp.2021.007
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FE96D8BE-6087-436C-8728-7BE849CA13B7
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC7368-FFC3-FF86-FC34-FB6DFD1EFE0E
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Exosehirus validus (Jakovlev, 1877)
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( Figs 2A View Fig , 3A, G, L View Fig , 4A, F, G, H View Fig , 5A, B View Fig , 6A–C View Fig , 8 View Fig , 12 View Fig , 13 View Fig )

Gnathoconus validus Jakovlev, 1877: 76 ; Pඎඍඈඇ (1886: 9); Oඌ*üൺඇංඇ (1906: 19, 1910: 5). Legnotus validus : Hඈൻൾ*©අൺඇൽඍ (1961: 199); Pඎඍඌ*üκඈඏ (1965: 55). Exosehirus validus : WൺǤඇൾ*© (1963: 107); Lංඌ (1999: 223; 2006: 142). Type material. Hඈඅඈඍඒඉൾ: ♀ [mounted on short rectangle], “[golden square] // 354 [pink circle with numbers] // [golden circle] // “Shaku [ IRAN, Gඈඅൾඌඍൺඇ Pඋඈඏ., Shahkuh Range near Shahrud, 36°30’00.9”N 54°24’21.3”E]” // “soli… [illegible handwriting; probably “solitarius”]” // “k. V. Yakovleva [coll. of B. Jakovlev]” // “ Gnathoconus / validus Jak. / B. Jakowlew det. // Holotypus [red rectangle]” ( ZISP). Additional material examined (all in ZISP). Without exact locality, “A. Gekk”, date unknown, coll. B. Jakovlev, 1* J. KAZAKHSTAN: T ඎඋΚൾඌඍൺඇ Pඋඈඏ.: “st.[ation] Arys’” [Arys Town, 42°25′60.0″N 68°48′00.0″E], 20.iv.1938, F. Lukjanovitsh, 1* J. UZBEKISTAN: Nൺඏඈං Pඋඈඏ.: Khatyrchi Distr.: Yargak near “Khatyrchi [Yangirabad]”, 19,20. vi.1929, L. Zimin leg., 2 JJ, 1 J; Changir near “Khatyrchi [Yangirabad]”, 40°06′00.0″N 65°56′00.0″E, 15.vi.1930, 4*+39 JJ, 3*+ 37 ♀♀, 28.iv.1930, 1 J, L. Zimin leg. KൺඌΗΚൺൽൺඋ’ංඇඌΚൺඒൺ Pඋඈඏ.: Guzar Distr.: Guzar, 38°35′13.4″N 66°17′01.8″E, 7.vii.1929, Elizarova, 1 ♀; Kammashi, 38°48′34.6″N 66°28′52.9″E, 27.vi.1930, 5.vii.1931, V. Gussakovskij leg., 1*+1 JJ, 1 ♀; Kamchashi, NE of Guzar, c. 38°47′29.5″N 66°29′15.1″E, 30.vi.1932, V. Gussakovskij leg., 2*+1 JJ. SൺආൺඋΚൺඇൽ Pඋඈඏ.: environs of Samarkand, date unknown, L. Barshchevskiy leg., 1 ♀; Samarkand, 5.iv.1921, Z. Ivanova leg., 1* J. SඎඋΚΗൺඇൽൺඋ’ංඇඌΚൺඒൺ Pඋඈඏ.: Termez, 37°15′43.1″N 67°19′08.7″E, 18.v.1912, A-r Kiritshenko, 1 ♀, 1912, M. Siyazov leg., 1* ♀. T ൺඌΗΚൾඇඍ Pඋඈඏ.: Tashkent, vii.1912, Seslavin leg., 1 ♀; Yangiyul’ Distr., Yangiyul’ near Tashkent, 41°05′44.5″N 69°04′14.5″E, 2.iv.1940,

Chirkun leg., 2 ♀♀. AඇൽංඓΗൺඇ Pඋඈඏ.: Pakhtaabad Distr., “Fergana, Ispaskan [Izboskan]”, 41°01′56.0″N 72°20′27.9″E, 12.vi.1913, A-r Kiritshenko, 1* ♀. TURKMENISTAN: BൺඅΚൺඇ Pඋඈඏ.: “Kizyl-Arvat [Serdar]” Town, 38°58′00.0″N 56°16′00.0″E, 11.vi.1953, O. Kryzhanovskij leg., 1 J, 1*+ 1 ♀♀, 13.iv.1953, E. Arens, 1 J; Kopet Dag, 15 km S Iskander station, 38°56′29.4″N 55°55′42.9″E, 13.vi.1953, O. Kryzhanovskij leg., 1 ♀; foothills of N slope of Syunt-Khasardag Range, 38°34′58.7″N 56°26′12.3″E, 17.v.1956, G. Medvedev leg., 1 ♀; Parhay gorge, 38°28′50.4″N 56°14′57.8″E, 25.v.1981,A. Gorochov, 1* J, 2 ♀♀. AඌΗΚΗൺൻൺൽ: 11.vi.1928, V.Gussakovskij leg., 2 ♀♀, 11.iv.1930, Shul’… [illegible handwriting], 1 ♀, 29.v.1934, V.Popov leg., 1 ♀;Archabil Distr. of Ashkhabad, Firyuza Settlm., 37°54′49.8″N 58°05′26.3″E, 21.v.1972, V. Golub leg., 1* ♀. Lൾൻൺඉ Pඋඈඏ.: Repetek railway station, 38°33′45.0″N 63°10′37.9″E, 18.iii.1958, G. Medvedev leg., 1* ♀, 8.vi.1981, at light, S. Podlipaev, 1 ♀, 1 specimen of unknown sex. Mൺඋඒ Pඋඈඏ.: Bayramali Town, 37°37′00.0″N 62°09′00.0″E, 10–11.viii.1930, Bogush leg., 1* J; Badkhyz, 12 km W of Kala-i-Mor station, 35°39′19.9″N 62°25′22.9″E, 9,17. iv.1957, G. Medvedev, 1* J, 1 ♀. TAJIKISTAN: SඈǤൽංඒඌΚൺඒൺ Pඋඈඏ.: Kanibadam Town, 40°16′60.0″N 70°25′00.0″E, 15.vi.1913, Minkevits leg., 1* J. IRAN: Gඈඅൾඌඍൺඇ Pඋඈඏ.: Shahkuh Range near Shahrud, 36°30′00.9″N 54°24′21.3″E, 5.vii.1914, A-r Kiritshenko, 1* J. Sංඌඍൺඇ ൺඇൽ BൺඅඎർΗൾඌඍൺඇ Pඋඈඏ., Taftan volcano, 28°36′00.0″N 61°07′57.0″E, 13.v.1901, A. Zarudny, 1* J, 1* ♀.

Note. Hඈൻൾ*©අൺඇൽඍ (1961) redescribed the external morphology of this species; for this reason, and because the external structure of the species almost completely corresponds to the description of the genus, I provide here only diagnostic characters necessary for comparison with other species of the genus and provide the first description of the male and female terminalia.

Diagnosis. Body usually dark brown, with dull sheen, but head, pronotum and scutellum in some specimens blackish, hemelytra blackish-brown, less often entire dorsum almost black; some specimens with fairly strong sheen. Punctation on body as a whole slightly smaller than in other congeners, sometimes punctures rather large and deep. Pale stripes on lateral margins of hemelytra broad anteriorly, narrow in posterior about two-thirds or two-fifths, almost always reaching posterior margins of coria ( Fig. 2A View Fig ). Posterior part of each stripe relatively wide like in E. essedonius sp. nov. or extremely narrow, disappearing like in E. elamensis sp. nov. Eyes relatively large. Preocular part of head usually rather smoothly rounded ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum moderately diverging posteraid ( Fig. 3G View Fig ). Apex of scutellum narrower than in E. marginatus . Peritreme of metathoracic scent glands slightly widened on mesal part. Evaporatorium with only several scattered punctures ( Fig. 3L View Fig ).

Pygophore ( Figs 4A, F View Fig ). Notch in middle of posteroventral margin of pygophore slightly deeper and wider than in other congeners. Posterodorsal margin and mesal parts of posterolateral margins of pygophore and dorsal infolding along midline narrowly desclerotised. Dorsal infolding without depressions. Narrow depressed areas of lateral infoldings near margin of genital opening shallower than in E. marginatus and strongly sclerotised. Genital opening with very weak paramere sockets.

Parameres ( Figs 4G, H View Fig ). Posterior margin of paramere corpus relatively deeply concave. Dorsal wall of paramere corpus at base of hypophysis with longitudinal, strongly sclerotised tubercle (clearly visible dorsally, especially so from ventral side). Hypophysis long; its extreme apex strongly narrowed and curved anteriad, sharp.

Aedeagus ( Figs 5A, B View Fig , 6 A–C View Fig , 8 View Fig ). Ventrolateral walls of theca with a pair of small conical tubercles at border of sclerotised and narrow apical membranous parts of walls. Ventral side of apical thecal margin medially with a small transverse membranous tubercle.

Conjunctiva slightly shorter than theca and phallobase combined, tapering apically, slightly curved ventrally. Basal part of conjunctiva wide, long; apical part narrow, short. Basal part of conjunctiva ventrally with ventrolateral lobes; their bases very wide, long, occupying most of ventral and lateral walls of basal part of conjunctiva. On ventral side, these lobes rather wide, with rounded apices, bordered by thin, highly sclerotised band with denticles directed inward; mesal margins of lobes with wider, smooth, slightly less sclerotised band nearly reaching base of apical part of conjunctiva; both left and right bands slightly converging and tapering towards apex of conjunctiva. In lateral view, ventrolateral lobes triangularly tapering, directed ventrally and towards base of conjunctiva; anterior (facing base of conjunctiva) wall of each lobe with thin sclerotised band passing into serrate band bordering apex of lobe. Dorsolateral lobes located distally on basal part of conjunctiva, rather long, finger-shaped, curved, directed anteriad (towards base of conjunctiva) and slightly outward. Mesal wall of each lobe with longitudinal, long, wide sclerite protruding far beyond apex of lobe; dorsal surface and mesal margin of each sclerite covered with extremely small denticles; apex of sclerite broadly rounded. Dorsomesal wall of each dorsolateral lobe basally with short, wide, weakly sclerotised band, strongly narrowing proximally, dilating distally. Dorsoapical lobes lying on dorsolateral walls of apical part of conjunctiva subapically. Membranous parts of these lobes short, conical, directed dorsolaterally; posterior (facing apex of conjunctiva) wall of each lobe with spicule, that being long, thin strongly curved in middle, directed anteriorly (to base of conjunctiva) and dorsally; apices of both spicules almost parallel. Vesica lying on ventral wall of apical part of conjunctiva distal to bases of dorsoapical lobes. Its walls membranous, ventral wall at base with membranous tubercle having rectangular shape in ventral view, located at acute angle to conjunctival wall. Vesica gradually narrowing apically; its extreme apex elongated into short filament.

Female terminalia ( Figs 12 View Fig , 13 View Fig ). Notch of posterior margin of sternite VII parabolic, slightly tapering anteriorly. Common posterior margin of paratergites VIII slightly convex in middle, without notch. Paratergites IX large.Anterior limb of gonangulum long, very thin anteriorly. Gonocoxites I with straight posterior margins lying in one line, with acute, non-rounded lateral angles; their ventral surfaces weakly, evenly convex, finely rugose, without rib along mesal margins. Mesal parts of gonocoxites II relatively narrow, longer than their width, with sharp, long anteromesal angles; lateral parts thin, very long, slightly widened at extreme lateral ends, those being not curved inward.

Posterior intervalvular membrane very long; transverse fold on its ventral surface located behind its anterior margin, with middle part forming long wide triangular projection directed posteriad. Gonapophyses II overlying

and almost completely covering posterior intervalvular Aඐൺඅ 2008: Khorasan Razavi Province, Shirvan), southern membrane; their posterior margins concave, anterior Kazakhstan, Kirgizia (Oඌ*üൺඇංඇ 1910: Osh; Pඎඍඌ*üκඈඏ margins straight laterally, strongly convex mesally, mesal 1965: Fergana Range, Chatkal Range), Tajikistan (Oඌ*üൺmargins straight, posteriomesal angles elongate into acute ඇංඇ 1910: “Ura-Tyube” [Istaravshan]; Kං*©ංඍඌ*üൾඇκඈ 1964: apices directed posteromesad. Gonapophyses I wide, with “Kshtut” [tributary of Zeravshan River”]), Turkmenistan contiguous, short, triangular apices; their ventral margins (Pඎඍඌ*üκඈඏ 1965), Uzbekistan (Oඌ*üൺඇංඇ 1910: Andizhan, armed with thin sclerotised band with lateral end being Dzhizak; Kං*©ංඍඌ*üൾඇκඈ 1964: Tashkent, Changir near connected to anterior angle gonocoxite I. Posterior ends “Khatyrchi [Yangirabad]”, Samarkand, Guzar, Yargak,

of first rami fused with anterior limbs of gonangula; inner Ispaskan [Izboskan], Termez).

margin of each first ramus with thin groove clamping The record for northern Iraq (Hඈൻൾ*©අൺඇൽඍ 1961) second ramus along its entire length. probably concerns E. sargon ; for Kazakhstanian Atyrau Anterior part of gynatrial sac large, with convex anterior Province, Lake Inder (Kං*©ංඍඌ*üൾඇκඈ 1954) and Kyzylorda and lateral margins, tapering posteriorly, there its lateral Provence, “Yani-Kyrgan” [Zhanakorgan] (Oඌ*üൺඇංඇ 1910), margins almost straight. Arcuate sclerites reinforcing base to E. essedonius sp. nov. The record for Lorestan Province

of gynatrial cone relatively small, narrow, without lamellar of Iran (G*üൺ*üൺ*©ං et al. 2009) raise some doubts.

outgrowths. Gynatrial cone posteriorly transverse, short,

wide, with two wide triangular pouches on sides; dorsal Exosehirus sargon Linnavuori, 1984

margin of each pouch posteriorly with small rounded pro- ( Figs 3B, H View Fig , 4B, K View Fig , 6D–F View Fig )

jection; anterior part of gynatrial cone longitudinal, short, Exosehirus sargon Linnavuori, 1984: 2 ; Lංඌ (1999: 223; 2006: 142).

narrow, tapering conically distad. Spermatheca attached to

Notes on morphology. The only known specimen of gynatrial cone at its apex. Proximal part of spermathecal

this species, stored in the American Museum of Natural duct relatively short, wide, widening towards middle, with

History, was not available to me for study, and therefore annular folds on usually weakly sclerotised walls; middle

here I list the characters of this species based on the oripart longest, slightly protruding beyond anterior margin

ginal description.

of gynatrial sac, with membranous thickened walls; distal

Body black, very shiny and very convex. Eyes smaller part very narrow, rather longer then proximal part of duct,

then in E. validus , E. elamensis sp. nov. and E. marginatus ; with membranous thin walls. Proximal convoluted part of

preocular part of head longer and more sharply rounded spermathecal capsule relatively short, several times longer

anteriorly then in other congeners ( Fig. 3B View Fig ). Anterolateral than diameter of spherical part. Dorsal wall of posterior part

margins of pronotum moderately diverging posteriad,

of gynatrial sac flat, with deep transverse fold extending

roundedly curvate, anterolateral angles broadly rounded along its entire width, lying at posterior margin of sac me-

( Fig. 3H View Fig ). Disk of pronotum very convex, calli elevated; dially and at bases of its posterior pouches laterally, having

anterior margin, sides and disk behind calli densely and obtuse margin directed anteriad, overlying dorsal wall of

coarsely punctate. Disc of scutellum densely and strongly sac. Posterior pouches located rather close to each other,

punctate and slightly rugose. Elytra densely and distinctly their posterior margins rounded, without membranous

punctate. Pale stripes on lateral margins of hemelytra wide protrusion on mesal part, slightly concave on lateral part.

in anterior two-thirds and very narrow posteriorly, reaching Measurements (n = 12; mm). Body: length 4.25–5.75,

posterior margins of coria.

width 2.60–3.35; ratio body length / pronotum width

The brief description and drawings of the male termi- 1.78–1.98; head: length 0.90–1.12, width 1.08–1.36,

nalia provide little information. Judging by these data, the ratio width / length 1.20–1.29; synthlipsis 0.70–0.87;

pygophore ( Fig. 4B View Fig ) has its ventral wall more convex and ocular index 3.31–3.70; length of antennal segments I–V:

its posteroventral margin is less broadly notched than in 0.22–0.32: 0.31–0.43: 0.29–0.41: 0.45–0.59: 0.59–0.67;

E. validus ( Fig. 4A View Fig ) and E. elamensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 4C View Fig ).

pronotum: length 1.10–1.53, width 2.33–3.03, ratio width /

Parameres as in E. validus [i.e., probably with tubercle length 1.97–2.11; scutellum: length 1.78–2.40, width

near base of hypophysis]. Vesica ( Fig. 4K View Fig ) very long and 1.53–2.05, ratio length / width 1.13–1.19.

curved [assuming that it protrudes strongly from the theca Variability. In two examined females from Turkme-

not as a consequence of damage and incomplete retraction nistan (Kyzyl-Arvat and Repetek), the margins of the

of the vesica; it is also important to note that the filiform ring sclerites are very wide and the middle part of the

distal part of the vesica is not shown in the figure]; each spermathecal duct is weakly sclerotised; one of them

ventrolateral lobe (“conjunctival appendage”, probably has the pouches of gynatrial cone with internal areas of

denoted by the letter e in the original drawing; Fig. 6D View Fig ) sclerotisation; in another specimen, the middle part of

and dorsolateral lobe (“conjunctival appendage”, prothe spermathecal duct is somewhat shortened and slightly

bably denoted by the letter d; Fig. 6E View Fig ) with sclerotised widening in the middle.

denticles on some common sclerotised base. In the latter Bionomics. According to Pඎඍඌ*üκඈඏ (1965), the species

case, three sharp denticles are depicted, namely two large lives on Krascheninnikovia ceratoides , less often on Atri-

curved and one small straight one. Spicules of dorsoapiplex cana (both from Amaranthaceae ), although this data

cal lobes (“aedeagal appendage”; Fig. 6F View Fig ) straight, wide may refer to E. essedonius sp. nov.

at base and narrowing distally, with sloping apex, longer Distribution ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). Afghanistan (Hඈൻൾ*©අൺඇൽඍ 1961:

than in E. validus ( Fig. 6C View Fig ), but probably shorter than in Puli Khumri), northern Iran (type locality; Mඈൽൺ*©*©ൾඌ

E. elamensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 6I View Fig ) [judging by the size of the figure of the spicule relative to the figures of parts of other conjunctival lobes].

Female terminalia unknown.

Measurements (n = 1; mm). Body length 6.75; ratio body length / pronotum width 1.70; ratio head width / head length 1.22; ocular index 3.60; proportions between antennal segments I–V: 8: 12: 10: 16: 18; ratio width / length c. 2.00; ratio scutellum length / scutellum width 1.20.