Breda apicalis Simon, 1901

Ruiz, Gustavo R. S. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2013, Revision of Breda and proposal of a new genus (Araneae: Salticidae), Zootaxa 3664 (4), pp. 401-433 : 408-409

Breda apicalis Simon, 1901

Figs 3 , 20–23 , 33 , 47–51 , 102

Breda apicalis Simon, 1901: 156 (Male lectotype and 3 male and 11 female paralectotypes, all from Pará, Brazil, designated by Galiano (1963), deposited in MNHN, examined); Galiano, 1963: 313, pl. XII, fig. 8–9; Platnick, 2013. Paradescanso fallax Vellard, 1924: 34 , pl. 6, fig. 28–32 (Female holotype from Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24.IX.1922, J. Vellard, should be deposited in Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, lost, not examined); Platnick, 2013. Syn. nov. Breda quinquedentata Badcock, 1932: 42 , fig. 33 (Female holotype from Paraguay, deposited in the BMNH, examined); Platnick, 2013. Syn. nov.

Synonymy. Synonymy between P. fallax and B. apicalis is based on the carapace shape illustrated in the original description (Vellard, 1924, figs 28–32) and B. quinquedentata is synonymized based on the carapace and epigyne registered by photos of holotype by Cristina Rheims.

Additional material examined. ECUADOR: Napo: Rio Napo, 1m, I.1972, Bordon (MACN); BRAZIL: Amazonas: Coari: Rio Urucu-Coari, Porto Urucu, 1m, 24.VII.2003, A.B. Bonaldo (MPEG 581); Pará: Juruti, Platô do Rio Juruti, 2°33’7.2”S, 56°13’6.2”W: 2m, 12.IX.2002, A.B. Bonaldo (MPEG 445); 1m, 1f, 7.IX.2002, D.D. Guimarães (MPEG 446); 1m, 7.IX.2002, A.B. Bonaldo (MPEG 449); Acre: Xapuri, Comunidade de Pimenteira, 1m, 6.IV.1996, Equipe IBSP/SMNK (IBSP 31710); Bahia: Gandu: 1m, 1f, CEPEC R 3201 (MACN); Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, Passo do Lontra, 8m, 7f, 2002, J. Raizer (IBSP 59757-59759); Anaurilândia: 3f, 12–19.III.2001, F. Cunha & C. Souza (IBSP 59762); São Paulo: Presidente Epitácio: 12f, 20–25.III.2001, J.P. Guadanucci & R.

Bertani (IBSP 59761); Rosana: Porto Primavera, Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta, 7m, 20f, (IBSP 59760); PARAGUAY: Departamento del Alto Paraná: Hernandarias: 1m, 3–6.XI.1956, C.J.D. Brown (MCZ-Ar 60382); ARGENTINA: Salta: San Pedro: 1f, 29.XI.1951, M. Birabén (MACN); Pocitos: 1f, 21.XI.1951, M. Birabén (MACN); Misiones: Piñalitos: 2m, XI.1954, Schiapelli & De Carlo (MACN-Ar 5037); Parque Nacional Iguazú: 1m, II.1995, M. Ramírez (MACN); 1f, VII.1985, M. Ramírez (MACN); 1m, XI.1987, C. Scioscia (MACN); 1f, Sendero Macuco, 19.XI.1993, M. Di Vitteti (MACN); 1m, I.1993, M. Di Vitteti (MACN); Río Uruguay, Pasarela Río Uruguay, 30 km from Puerto Bemberg, 1f, I–II.1951, Giai & Patridge (MACN-Ar 3269); 1f, Patridge (MACN); 1f, 1.II.1950, Giai & Patridge (MACN); 1f, 1951, W. Patridge (MACN); 1f, II.1951, Patridge (MACN- Ar 3495); 1f, II.1951, Cranwell (MACN-Ar 3385); Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires: 1f, XII.1985, Ledesma (MACN).

Diagnosis. Breda apicalis differs from the other species of Breda by the combination of a wide longitudinal light stripe and three transverse stripes of white scales on the posterior half of the dorsal abdomen in both sexes ( Fig. 47 ), and by having the tip of the embolus short and distally curved in the male palp ( Figs 33 , 48 ).

Description. Male (IBSP 59757). Total length: 5.37. Carapace length: 2.57; width: 1.70; height: 0.95. Carapace dark brown with sparse white hairs; cephalic region darker (as in the female, Fig. 47 ). Length of the ocular quadrangle: 1.15. Width of the anterior eye row: 1.50; posterior: 1.50. Chelicera dark brown, with four teeth on promargin and one on retromargin. Labium, sternum and endites dark brown. RvTA distally dilated and embolus tip short and curved to distal cymbium ( Figs 33 , 48–49 ). Legs 4123, dark brown; I slightly darker; III and IV laterally darker with sparse white hairs. Femur I 1.52x0.67; II 1.22x0.46; III 1.15; IV 1.60. Patella I 0.95; II 0.75; III 0.62; IV 0.75. Tibia I 1.20x0.42; II 1.00x0.27; III 0.80; IV 1.35. Metatarsus I 0.80; II 0.65; III 0.82; IV 1.10. Tarsus I 0.50; II 0.47; III 0.45; IV 0.50. Leg spination: femur I, II d1-1-1, p1-2; III d1-1-1, p1-1-2, r1di; IV d1-1-1, p1di. Patella I, II, III, IV 0. Tibia I v1-1 -0-1-2 (v1 -0-0-1-2); II v1 p-2-1p; III p1-1 (p1), r1-1-1, v1 p-1p-2 (v1 p-0-2); IV p1 (p0), r0, v1 p-0-2. Metatarsus I, II v2-2; III p2di, r1di, v1 di; IV p1di, r1di, v2 di. Abdomen as in the female, with dorsal scutum. Spinnerets dark brown.

Female (IBSP 59758). Total length: 7.70. Carapace length: 3.30; width: 2.26; height: 1.17. Carapace as in male ( Fig. 47 ). Length of the ocular quadrangle: 1.45. Width of the anterior eye row: 1.30; posterior: 1.35. Chelicera as in male, with four or five teeth on promargin and one on retromargin. Labium, sternum and endites as in male. Palp yellow, dorsally dark brown. Legs 4123, yellow. Femur I 1.72x0.90; II 1.43x0.65; III 1.40; IV 1.85. Patella I 1.10; II 0.95; III 0.77; IV 0.90. Tibia I 1.30x0.56; II 1.15x0.40; III 0.95; IV 1.55. Metatarsus I 0.75; II 0.70; III 0.85; IV 1.35. Tarsus I 0.60; II 0.50; III 0.50; IV 0.60. Leg spination: femur I, II, III d1-1-1, p1di; IV d1-1- 1. Patella I, II, III, IV 0. Tibia I v2; II v0; III p1, r0, v1 p-0-1p; IV v1 p-0- 1 p. Metatarsus I, II v2-2; III p2di, r1di, v1 di; IV p1di, r1di, v1 di. Abdomen dark brown variegated with a wide longitudinal median light stripe with lateral projections where white scales are inserted, forming three tranverse stripes of white scales posteriorly ( Fig. 47 ); ventrally dark brown with four longitudinal lines of light dots and no dorsal scutum. Epigyne as in Figs 50–51 . Spinnerets as in male.

Note on natural history. Inseminated females laid 20– 25 eggs per eggsac, which became large second instar spiderlings after some weeks, which, additionally, did not accept any kind of prey but themselves. No specimen born under laboratory conditions reached the fourth instar. Adults, on the other hand, accept a great variety of prey in captivity, from mosquitoes to very large insects. Despite attempts that did not result in copulation, we were able to observe how males approach females during courtship. Males come towards females standing on their legs II– IV, while holding up both legs I straight and apart from each other at an angle slightly wider than 90º; concurrently they raise the tip of the abdomen high above the body for irregular amounts of time, which the female in front of him can observe over his carapace.

Distribution. Probably commonly found all over South America (except southern Argentina and Chile; Fig. 102 ).

Figures

FIGURE 102. Occurrence records for the species Breda apicalis, B. variolosa and B. paraensis sp. nov. Open triangle indicates indetermined record of B. variolosa within Pará, Brazil.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Breda bicruciata 1 – 2 dorsolateral view (1 female, 2 male) (photos: W. P. Maddison). B. apicalis 3 male, dorsal view (photo: F. U. Yamamoto). B. notata 4 male, dorsolateral view (photo: J. Zhang). B. tristis 5 female, dorsal view (photo: W. P. Maddison). B. lubomirskii 6 female feeding on cricket, dorsal view (photo: K. Swing).

FIGURES 20 – 25. B. apicalis. 20 carapace, lateral view showing lateral stripe of scales; 21 same scales, detail; 22 reduced ventral spine on tibia I; 23 ventral tuft of scales close to spinnerets. B. lubomirskii. 24 left male palp, detail of embolar depression. B. milvina. 25 left male palp, dorsal view showing vestige of dorsoretrolateral tibial apophysis.

FIGURES 30 – 35. Tip of embolus. Druzia flavostriata gen. et comb. nov.: 30. Breda nanica: 31. B. notata: 32. B. apicalis: 33. B. variolosa: 34. B. bicruciata: 35.

FIGURES 47 – 51. Breda apicalis. 47 female, dorsal view; 48 left male palp, ventral view; 49 ventroretrolateral view; 50 epigyne, ventral view; 51 dorsal view, cleared. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm, except when indicated otherwise.