Scorpiodinipora costulata ( Canu & Bassler, 1929 )

Harmelin, Jean-Georges, Vieira, Leandro M., Ostrovsky, Andrew N., Cáceres-Chamizo, Julia P. & Sanner, JoAnn, 2012, Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929) (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), a taxonomic and biogeographic dilemma: complex of cryptic species or human-mediated cosmopolitan colonizer?, Zoosystema 34 (1), pp. 123-138 : 127-129

Scorpiodinipora costulata ( Canu & Bassler, 1929)

( Figs 1-5 ; Table 1)

Schizoporella costulata Canu & Bassler, 1929: 317 (in part), pl. 36, fig. 10; not pl. 36, fig. 11.

Hippodiplosia otto-mülleriana var. parva Marcus, 1938: 39 , pl. 9, fig. 22a, c; pl. 10, fig. 22b.

Scorpiodinipora bernardii – Balavoine 1959: 269, pl.6, fig.1.

Cyclocolposa ? parva – Banta & Carson 1977: 415, fig. 9d.

Hippopodinella parva – Cook 1985: 170, figs 19, 44.

? Odontoporella sp. – Gordon et al. 2007: 52, fig. 3d.

Not Cellepora bernardii Audouin, 1826: 238 . — Savigny 1817: pl. 7, fig. 7 (unnamed drawing).

Not Schizoporella bernardii – Waters 1909: 169, pl. 17, figs 7-9.

Not Stephanosella bernardii – Harmer 1957: 1051, pl. 74, figs 21-23.

Not Scorpiodinipora bernardii – d’Hondt & Mascarell 2004: 464, fig. 1. — d’Hondt 2006: 24.

TYPE MATERIAL. — USNM, Albatross collection, Philippine Archipelago, 2 specimens labelled Schizoporella costulata Canu & Bassler, 1929 . Lectotype (designated here): USNM 8080, Romblon Light, 12°38’15’’N, 122°12’30’’E, 37 fms (figured by Canu & Bassler 1929: pl. 36, fig. 10). Paralectotype (designated here): USNM 8079, Jolo Light, 06°05’50’’N, 121°02’15’’E, 19 fms.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Specimens referred to the present morphotype:

1) MZUSP 020 , labelled “ Hippopodinella otto-mülleriana var. parva (Marcus) ”, 1 colony with other bryozoans on shell of Thais haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) (gastropod), Brazil (no locality in label, but probably Santos, São Paulo, as described by Marcus [1938]) (E. Marcus identification) ; 2) NHMUK 1972.3 .3.94, labelled “ Hippopodinella parva (Marcus) ”, 2 colonies on Drillia sp. (gastropod), Ghana, south of Tema , 1970-72 (P. L. Cook identification) ;

3) MNHN, R. Ph. Dollfus collection (identifications by Balavoine [1959]), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, specimen no. 7792, labelled “ Schismopora bernardii (Aud. 1826) ”, Al Sayad, stn VI (29°11’N, 32°55’20’’E, 35-69 m), 29/ XI/1928, on gastropod ; specimen no. 7816, labelled “ Schismopora bernardii ”, G. de Suez, Al Sayad, stn X (29°N, 32° 39’E, 28-62 m), 8/XII/1928, on gastropod ; specimen no. 7826, labelled “ Scorpiodinipora bernardii Audouin. Figuré. Spécimen type de ce nouveau genre”, Al Sayad, stn XI (28° 54’N, 32° 44’E, 31- 25 m), 8/ XII/1928, on a small oyster shell (figured by Balavoine 1959: pl. 6, fig. 1);

4) SE Mediterranean, Lebanon, CEDRE collection (JGH), 17 colonies from 6 localities: Tripoli, Ramkine Island, overhang, 13 m, 3 colonies on gastropod shells, 22/X/1999; Anfey, 14 m, 1 colony on pebble, 26/X/1999; Selaata, 6-7 m, 3 colonies on gastropod shells and lichenoporid bryozoan skeleton, 18-22/X/1999; Batroun, 2-9 m, 7 colonies on gastropod shells and biogenic concretions, 26/VI/1997, 16/X/1999, 26/IX/2002; Jounieh Aquamarina, 20-30 m, 2 colonies on pebble, 10/VII/2003; Saida, Harf El Rijmeh, 11 m, 1 colony on Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793 , 5/VI/2000;

5) Red Sea, Egypt, South Sinai, JGH collection: Ras Mohammed , Yolanda wreck, 18 m, several small colonies on aluminium plates, 15/V/1983 ;

6) Red Sea, Egypt, Bay of Safaga, DPUV collection. 52 colonies from 13 stations: stn B3/12 (seagrass meadow), IV/ 1986, 6 m, 1 detached colony; stn A1/3 (muddy bottom + brown algae), 24-26/IV/ 1986, 18 m, 6 colonies on gastropod shells; stn A14/1, 24/II/ 1987, 35 m, 16 colonies on gastropod shells; stn A1-2/2 (sand), 27/IV/ 1986, 10 m, 2 colonies on gastropod shells; stn B3/2, 16/VII/ 1987, 4 m, 1 colony on gastropod shell; stn B17/1 (muddy sand), 11/VII/ 1087, 52 m, 1 detached colony; stn B5/0, 02/XI/ 1986, 6 m, 5 colonies on gastropod shells; stn B7/5 (muddy sand), 30/VII/ 1987, 48 m, 5 colonies on gastropod shells; stn B17/2 (muddy sand), 29/VII/ 1987, 50 m, 3 colonies on gastropod shells; stn B18/1 (muddy sand), 24/VII/ 1987, 32 m, 7 colonies on gastropod shells; stn C7/1, 20/II/ 1987, 14 m, 3 colonies on gastropod shells; unnamed station, Ras Abu Soma, IX/1992, 1- 20 m, 1 colony on echinoid spine; unnamed station, 1 colony on gastropod shell;

7) Indian Ocean , Arabian Sea , Oman, DPUV collection: Salalah (near Mirbat), Kelp Bay, 9 m, 1 colony on bivalve shell, 16/I/2009 ;

8) SW Atlantic, Brazil, São Paulo state, São Sebastião, about 10 m, 2 colonies on fragments of shell and 1 colony on small gastropod shell, collected by A. E. Migotto & J. E. Winston.

Specimens referred to other species:

1) USNM, Albatross collection, Philippine Archipelago, USNM 8078: Schizoporella costulata Canu & Bassler, 1929 , Jolo Light, 6°04’25’’N, 120°58’30’’E, 20 fms (figured by Canu & Bassler 1929: pl. 36, fig. 11);

2) MNHN (Jullien’s collection), no. 3607: Stephanosella bernardii, Gambier Is. ; no. 3888: Stephanosella bernardii, Gambier Is. (J. L. d’Hondt identification).

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. — SW Atlantic: SW Brazil ( Marcus 1938 and present data); Caribbean Sea: Costa Rica ( Banta & Carson 1977); E Atlantic: Ghana ( Cook 1985); Pacific Ocean: Philippines ( Canu & Bassler 1929);

Indian Ocean: Oman (present data), Bangladesh ( Gordon et al. 2007); Red Sea: Gulf of Suez( Balavoine 1959), S Sinai and Bay of Safaga (present data); SE Mediterranean: Lebanon (present data).

HABITAT. — Scorpiodinipora costulata is a shallow-water species showing a marked preference for calcareous organic substrates, especially gastropod shells ( Table 2). However, this relationship is not strict as S. costulata was also observed on other substrates, either natural (pebbles) or artificial (aluminium plates). Colonies encrusting gastropod shells were generally smaller than those growing on flatter and smoother substrates such as the inner sides of bivalve shells. Cook (1985) noted that colonies from Ghana often encrusted gastropod shells inhabited by pagurids and were small: a single Drilla sp. shell could aggregate up to 10 colonies.

DESCRIPTION

Colony encrusting, unilamellar, often small (<20 zooids), sometimes larger (> 200 zooids), frequently encrusting shells, especially of gastropods. Frontal shield convex, structured by radial ridges more or less prominent and mamillated, originating from vertical ridges between marginal pores (areolae); 15-20 areolar pores, widely open and elongated in young zooids, becoming smaller and rounded, or totally hidden by calcification in older zooids. Orifice subterminal, with anter and poster similarly rounded and sized, lateral sides straight and parallel, down-curved condyles placed at mid-height or a little lower, a low visor occasionally raised perpendicularly over the anter. Small basal pore-chambers about as numerous as areolae. No ovicells. Infrequent occurrence (one case observed in a colony from Lebanon) of dwarfed zooids scattered among normal autozooids, with a costulate frontal shield and a small rounded orifice not terminal and bordered distally by ribs. Ancestrula similar to an autozooid but with cystid smaller and narrower (L/W = 1.8 vs 1.4 in material from Lebanon), orifice smaller and frontal shield smoother.Two to four autozooids budded by the ancestrula. Zone of astogenetic change extending over two or three generations of zooids, which increase progressively in size and frontal relief.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929), two specimens considered by Canu and Bassler in their description of Schizoporella costulata: A, specimen USNM 8080, chosen as lectotype, Philippines, Romblon Light; B, specimen USNM 8079, paralectotype, Philippines, Jolo Light. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIG. 2. — Specimen MNHN no. 7826 labelled “Scorpiodinipora bernardii Audouin” figured by Balavoine (1959 pl. 6, fig. 1), on which the genus Scorpiodinipora was established, Gulf of Suez, 31-25 m: A, general view of the colony; B, close up view of autozooids. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, 100 µm.

FIG. 3. — Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929): A, Red Sea, Egypt, Safaga; B, C, Arabian Sea,Oman; D, Red Sea, Egypt, Ras Mohammed; E, SE Mediterranean, Lebanon, Selaata. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 100 µm; C, 20 µm.

FIG. 4. — Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929): A, B, SW Atlantic, Brazil, São Sebastião, specimen MZUSP 545; C, D, SW Atlantic, Ghana, specimen NHMUK 1972.3.3.94, labelled “Hippopodinella parva (Marcus)”, P. L. Cook identification. Scale bars: A, C, 100 µm; B, D, 50 µm.

FIG. 5. — Scorpiodinipora costulata (Canu & Bassler, 1929): two dwarfed zooids inserted among normal autozooids. Lebanon, Batroun, 9 m. Scale bar: 100 µm.