Anthidium Fabricius, 1804

Niu, Ze-Qing, Yuan, Feng, Ascher, John S., Kasparek, Max, Orr, Michael C., Griswold, Terry & Zhu, Chao-Dong, 2020, Bees of the genus Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from China, Zootaxa 4867 (1), pp. 1-67 : 5-8

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4867.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32B4ABB2-F744-4160-BD6D-DBA3C038209D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428269
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ECDE2C-FFBB-FF87-FF51-FA832C0BFDA2
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anthidium Fabricius, 1804
status

Treatment

Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 View in CoL

Anthidium (Anthidium) : Anthidium Fabricius, 1804: 364 View in CoL .

Type species: Apis manicata Linnaeus, 1758 , by designation of Latreille, 1810: 439.

Anthidium (Gulanthidium) : Anthidium (Gulanthidium) Pasteels, 1969: 101 . Type species: Anthidium anguliventre Morawitz, 1888 View in CoL , by original designation.

Anthidium (Nivanthidium) : Anthidium (Nivanthidium) Pasteels, 1969: 106 . Type species: Anthidium niveocinctum Gerstaecker, 1857 View in CoL , by original designation.

Anthidium (Proanthidium) : Anthidium (Proanthidium) Friese, 1898: 101 . Type species: Anthidium oblongatum Latreille, 1809 View in CoL = Anthophora oblongata Illiger, 1806 , by designation of Cockerell, 1909: 269.

Anthidium (Severanthidium) : Anthidium (Severanthidium) Pasteels, 1969: 106 . Type species: Anthidium severini Vachal, 1903 View in CoL , by original designation.

Anthidium (Turkanthidium) : Anthidium (Turkanthidium) Pasteels, 1969: 103 . Type species: Anthidium unicum Morawitz, 1875 View in CoL , by original designation.

Globally, six subgenera are treated as valid ( Griswold & Michener, 1988, Michener, 2007), of which only A. ( Proanthidium ) and the nominate subgenus occur in China.

Diagnosis: Mandibles in the female multidentate, with from 5 to 7 or more small teeth separated by acute notches; maxillary palpi two-segmented; arolia absent; propodeum without basal series of pits and without fovea behind spiracle; forewing with basal vein several widths basal to cu-v; female T6 usually with depressed apical rim and medial emargination; male T6 usually with distinct lateral spine or projection; juxtantennal carina absent; penis valves of male widely separated basally, but united by long and narrow bridge, volsellar lobes present at apex of gonocoxite as presented in Griswold & Michener (1998) and Michener (2007).

Key to the species of Anthidium View in CoL from China

(Females of Anthidium rufitarse Friese View in CoL and A. trochantericum Morawitz View in CoL are not included in the key as no specimens were examined; females are unknown for A. flavotarsum Wu View in CoL , A. sichuanense Wu View in CoL , and A. tasitiense View in CoL sp. nov.; males are unknown for A. pseudomontanum View in CoL sp. nov., A. rufitarse View in CoL and A. zadaense Wu View in CoL )

1 Flagellum 10-segmented, female ( Fig. 37d View FIGURE 37 )................................................................. 2

- Flagellum 11-segmented, male ( Fig. 38c View FIGURE 38 )................................................................. 17

2 Scutellum rounded posterolaterally, without spine, little, if at all, overhanging metanotum and propodeum ( Figs 1e View FIGURE 1 , 3d View FIGURE 3 , 7d View FIGURE 7 , 11d View FIGURE 11 , 13d View FIGURE 13 , 15d View FIGURE 15 , 18d View FIGURE 18 , 20e View FIGURE 20 , 22d View FIGURE 22 , 23e View FIGURE 23 , 25d View FIGURE 25 , 28d View FIGURE 28 , 35d View FIGURE 35 , 36d View FIGURE 36 ).................................................. 3 ( Anthidium View in CoL )

- Scutellum with a small triangular spine posterolaterally, clearly overhanging metanotum and propodeum ( Figs 37f View FIGURE 37 , 40f View FIGURE 40 ).......................................................................................... 16 ( Proanthidium )

3 Metasomal terga black, without yellow maculations or sometimes with small maculations ( Figs 1f View FIGURE 1 , 13e View FIGURE 13 , 15e View FIGURE 15 , 20f View FIGURE 20 )......... 4

- Metasomal terga with obvious yellow maculations ( Figs 3e View FIGURE 3 , 7e View FIGURE 7 , 11e View FIGURE 11 , 18e View FIGURE 18 , 22e View FIGURE 22 , 23f View FIGURE 23 , 25e View FIGURE 25 , 28e View FIGURE 28 , 35e View FIGURE 35 , 36e View FIGURE 36 ).................. 7

4 Metasomal terga black, without yellow maculations; lateral ocelli with punctures present to near ocellar margin; apical margin of clypeus straight and smooth, with two distinct lateral tubercles ( Figs 15c View FIGURE 15 , 20c View FIGURE 20 ); T5–T6 with reddish-brown pubescence... ................................................................................................... 5

- Metasomal terga black or with small yellow maculations; obviously shiny, unpunctured areas present near lateral ocelli exteriorly; apical margin of clypeus coarsely serrate, nearly straight or projected medially ( Figs 1d View FIGURE 1 , 13c View FIGURE 13 ); pubescence on T5–T6 yellowish-brown or pale white........................................................................... 6

5 Pubescence on T1–T3 black ( Fig. 15e View FIGURE 15 ); hair of legs and mesepisternum dark, blackish; lower part of face with all long black pubescence ( Fig. 15b View FIGURE 15 )................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) kashmirense Mavromoustakis, 1937 View in CoL

- Pubescence on T1–T2 pale yellowish-white, T3 mainly covered with reddish-brown pubescence, but intermixed with some pale-yellowish-white pubescence medially ( Fig. 20f View FIGURE 20 ); hair of legs and mesepisternum light, yellowish; lower part of face with long pale yellowish-white pubescence, intermixed with some yellowish-brown to blackish pubescence ( Fig. 20b View FIGURE 20 )............................................................ Anthidium (Anthidium) pseudomontanum Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

6 Apical margin of clypeus irregularly serrate to bumpy, outline nearly straight medially ( Fig. 13b, 13c View FIGURE 13 ); punctures on supraclypeal area sparse ( Fig. 13c View FIGURE 13 ); T5–T6 with yellowish-brown pubescence ( Fig. 13f View FIGURE 13 )............................................................................................ Anthidium (Anthidium) montanum Morawitz, 1865 View in CoL

- Apical margin of clypeus coarsely and sharply serrate, strongly rounded medially and protruding downward ( Fig. 1d View FIGURE 1 ); punctures on supraclypeal area dense ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ); T5–T6 with pale white pubescence ( Fig. 1h View FIGURE 1 )...................................................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) amurense Radoszkowski, 1876 View in CoL

7 Clypeus completely yellow or yellow with a large black spot in middle ( Figs 3b View FIGURE 3 , 7b View FIGURE 7 , 11b View FIGURE 11 , 31b View FIGURE 31 )........................ 8

- Clypeus completely black or black with small yellow maculations ( Figs 18b View FIGURE 18 , 22b View FIGURE 22 , 23b View FIGURE 23 , 25b View FIGURE 25 , 28b View FIGURE 28 , 36b View FIGURE 36 )................. 11

8 Clypeus completely yellow ( Fig. 7b View FIGURE 7 )............................. Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum ( Fabricius, 1775) View in CoL

- Clypeus yellow with a large black spot in middle ( Figs 3b View FIGURE 3 , 11b View FIGURE 11 , 35b View FIGURE 35 )............................................ 9

9 Propodeal enclosure relatively smooth, quite shiny, weakly tessellate, if at all; clypeus not convex, apical margin of clypeus nearly smooth ( Fig. 35c View FIGURE 35 )..................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) xuezhongi Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

- Propodeal enclosure strongly tessellate throughout, dulled; clypeus convex, apical margin of clypeus coarsely serrate ( Figs 3c View FIGURE 3 , 11c View FIGURE 11 )............................................................................................... 10

10 Underside of flagellum 2 curved; metasomal terga with anterior side wavy yellow bands, sometimes interrupted in middle on T1–T5 ( Fig. 3e View FIGURE 3 ); propodeal enclosure highly tessellate, punctures shallow, indistinct; basal half of T2 surface tessellate, relatively duller................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) cingulatum Latreille, 1809 View in CoL

- Underside of flagellum 2 round; metasomal terga with broadly interrupted yellow bands, becoming progressively closer apically, forming a distinctive black, broad V-shaped area across terga ( Figs 11e, 11f View FIGURE 11 )); propodeal enclosure tessellate but punctures deeper, readily apparent; basal half of T2 surface smooth, shiny....... Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

11 T6 strongly concave in profile ( Fig. 25f View FIGURE 25 )...................... Anthidium (Anthidium) septemspinosum Lepeletier, 1841 View in CoL

- T6 not strongly concave in profile ( Fig. 36f View FIGURE 36 )............................................................... 12

12 T6 distinctly elevated alone midline, apex strongly bilobed ( Fig. 28f View FIGURE 28 )........... Anthidium (Anthidium) striatum Wu, 2004 View in CoL

- T6 slightly or not elevated alone middle, apex indistinctly bilobed if at all....................................... 13

13 T6 with preapical lateral projection ( Fig. 18f View FIGURE 18 )......................... Anthidium (Anthidium) philorum Cockerell, 1910 View in CoL

- T6 without preapical lateral projection ( Figs 22f View FIGURE 22 , 23g View FIGURE 23 , 36f View FIGURE 36 )................................................... 14

14 T2 with punctures of similar size and roughly similar density throughout; T6 with two separated yellow markings ( Fig. 22f View FIGURE 22 ); apical margin of clypeus nearly smooth, straight medially ( Fig. 22c View FIGURE 22 ); legs reddened at basitarsus onward, if at all; scutellum rounded outward, viewed from above..................... Anthidium (Anthidium) pseudophilorum Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

- T2 with larger, sparser punctures basally; T6 black; apical margin of clypeus serrate, straight or projected medially; legs reddened for much of tibia onward; scutellum with slight medial indent, viewed from above........................... 15

15 T6 with deep semicircle median emargination on distal margin ( Fig. 36g View FIGURE 36 ); apical margin of clypeus finely serrate, projected downward medially ( Fig. 36c View FIGURE 36 ).......................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) zadaense Wu, 2004 View in CoL

- T6 with shallow median emargination on distal margin ( Fig. 23h View FIGURE 23 ); apical margin of clypeus coarsely serrate, nearly straight medially ( Fig. 23c View FIGURE 23 )............................................. Anthidium (Anthidium) punctatum Latreille, 1809 View in CoL

16 Genal area ventrally with small yellow marking in addition to dorsal genal mark ( Fig. 37a View FIGURE 37 ); yellow band on vertex broad, not interrupted medially ( Fig. 37b View FIGURE 37 ); anterior surface of F2–F4 reddish-brown ( Fig. 37d View FIGURE 37 )....................................................................................... Anthidium (Proanthidium) kashgarense ( Cockerell, 1911) View in CoL

- Lower part of genal area black, without yellow marking ( Fig. 40a View FIGURE 40 ); yellow band on vertex narrow, sometimes interrupted medially ( Fig. 40f View FIGURE 40 ); anterior surface of third F3 reddish-brown ( Fig. 40e View FIGURE 40 )..................................................................................................... Anthidium (Proanthidium) qingtaoi Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

17 Scutellum rounded posterolaterally, without angle, only slightly overhanging metanotum and propodeum, if at all ( Figs 2c View FIGURE 2 , 4d View FIGURE 4 , 5d View FIGURE 5 , 6e View FIGURE 6 , 8d View FIGURE 8 , 10c View FIGURE 10 , 12d View FIGURE 12 , 14c View FIGURE 14 , 16d View FIGURE 16 , 17d View FIGURE 17 , 19d View FIGURE 19 , 21c View FIGURE 21 , 24c View FIGURE 24 , 26c View FIGURE 26 , 27d View FIGURE 27 , 29c View FIGURE 29 , 31c View FIGURE 31 , 34c View FIGURE 34 )............................. 18 ( Anthidium View in CoL )

- Scutellum with a small triangulate spine posterolaterally, clearly and significantly overhanging metanotum and propodeum ( Figs 38d View FIGURE 38 , 39d View FIGURE 39 )......................................................................... 32 ( Proanthidium )

18 Metasomal terga completely black, without yellow maculations ( Fig. 16f View FIGURE 16 ); T5–T7 with long and dense fox-reddish pubescence ( Fig. 16h View FIGURE 16 ); T7 with medial talon-like projection and laterally with large broad projection coming to acute point, sides concave interiorly while exteriorly convex to tip..................... Anthidium (Anthidium) kashmirense Mavromoustakis, 1937 View in CoL

- Metasomal terga with yellow maculations; T5–T7 with short, sparse pubescence dark or yellow, not reddish; T7 highly variable but not as above..................................................................................... 19

19 Metasomal terga with small yellow spots ( Figs 2d View FIGURE 2 , 6g View FIGURE 6 , 27g View FIGURE 27 )................................................... 20

- Metasomal terga with large yellow spots or bands ( Figs 4e View FIGURE 4 , 8e View FIGURE 8 , 12e View FIGURE 12 , 19e View FIGURE 19 , 21d View FIGURE 21 , 24d View FIGURE 24 , 26d View FIGURE 26 , 29d View FIGURE 29 , 34d View FIGURE 34 ).................... 23

20 S6 with large lateral lobe extending far beyond rest of apical margin; median lobe of S6 with two strong projections ( Figs 6h View FIGURE 6 , 27f View FIGURE 27 )............................................................................................... 21

- S6 without distinct lateral lobe, apical margin relatively straight, at most slightly longer laterally; median lobe of S6 singly spiniform or broadly rectangular with rounded corners and a slight medial indent ( Figs 2e View FIGURE 2 , 14f View FIGURE 14 )...................... 22

21 Lateral lobe of S6 long and acute ( Fig. 6h View FIGURE 6 ); metasomal terga covered with sparse pubescence ( Fig. 6f View FIGURE 6 ).................................................................................. Anthidium (Anthidium) flavotarsum Wu, 1982 View in CoL

- Lateral lobe of S6 broad and blunt ( Fig. 27f View FIGURE 27 ); metasomal terga covered with dense pubescence ( Fig. 27e View FIGURE 27 )............................................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) sichuanense Wu, 1993 View in CoL

22 Median lobe of S6 small, narrow, sub-triangular ( Fig. 14f View FIGURE 14 ); apical process of S8 spiniform ( Fig. 14h View FIGURE 14 )............................................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) montanum Morawitz, 1865 View in CoL

- Median lobe of S6 large, broad, sub-rectangular ( Fig. 2e View FIGURE 2 ); apical process of S8 broadly triangular ( Fig. 2h View FIGURE 2 )....................................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) amurense Radoszkowski, 1876 View in CoL

23 T7 with submedian spine ( Figs 4f View FIGURE 4 , 21e View FIGURE 21 )................................................................... 24

- T7 without submedian spine ( Figs 8f View FIGURE 8 , 12g View FIGURE 12 , 19f View FIGURE 19 , 24e View FIGURE 24 , 26f View FIGURE 26 , 29f View FIGURE 29 , 34e View FIGURE 34 )............................................. 25

24 Lateral lobe of T7 longer, recurved and spiniform ( Fig. 4f View FIGURE 4 ); median spine of S7 much shorter than submedian spine ( Fig. 4f View FIGURE 4 ); T2 puncture density lower and size larger in basal half................. Anthidium (Anthidium) cingulatum Latreille, 1809 View in CoL

- Lateral lobe of T7 shorter, broadly triangular ( Fig. 21e View FIGURE 21 ); median spine of T7 about as long as submedian spines ( Fig. 21e View FIGURE 21 ); T2 puncture density and size relatively even throughout......... Anthidium (Anthidium) pseudophilorum Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

25 Lateral lobe of T7 elongate, spiniform, very strongly acute ( Figs 8f View FIGURE 8 , 12g View FIGURE 12 , 26f View FIGURE 26 ).................................... 26

- Lateral lobe of T7 short, rounded or at most vaguely triangular, if acutely pointed then with a broad lateral lobe adjacent ( Figs 19f View FIGURE 19 , 24e View FIGURE 24 , 29f View FIGURE 29 , 34e View FIGURE 34 ).................................................................................... 28

26 T5 with lateral spine ( Fig. 26e View FIGURE 26 ); S6 with apical margin truncately produced medially............................... 27

- T5 laterally with rounded protuberance, not spinose; S6 with apical margin broadly rounded, not truncate ( Fig. 12f View FIGURE 12 ).................................................................. Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

27 Lateral protuberances on T2–T3 covered by distinct yellowish-white tufts ( Fig. 26 View FIGURE 26 ); apical process of S8 broadly triangular ( Fig. 26h View FIGURE 26 ); lateral spine of T5 black ( Fig. 26a View FIGURE 26 , Fig. 26e View FIGURE 26 ).......... Anthidium (Anthidium) septemspinosum Lepeletier, 1841 View in CoL

- Lateral margins on T2–T4 scarcely protuberant without distinct tufts ( Fig. 8e View FIGURE 8 ); apical process of S8 narrowly triangular ( Fig. 8h View FIGURE 8 ); lateral spine of T5 yellow ( Fig. 8f View FIGURE 8 )........................... Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum ( Fabricius, 1775) View in CoL

28 Apical process of S8 bifurcate or trifurcate ( Figs 29h View FIGURE 29 , 34h View FIGURE 34 )................................................... 29

- Apical process of S8 single, not bifurcate ( Figs 19h View FIGURE 19 , 24h View FIGURE 24 , 33f View FIGURE 33 )................................................. 30

29 Apical process of S8 bifid ( Fig. 29h View FIGURE 29 )..................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) striatum Wu, 2004 View in CoL

- Apical process of S8 trifid ( Fig. 34h View FIGURE 34 )........................... Anthidium (Anthidium) xuezhongi Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

30 Spiculum of S8 not elongate, slightly narrower than disc ( Fig. 33f View FIGURE 33 )........................................................................................................ Anthidium (Anthidium) tasitiense Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

- Spiculum of S8 distinctly elongate, obviously narrower than disc ( Figs 19h View FIGURE 19 , 24h View FIGURE 24 ).................................. 31

31 Apical process of S8 acutely triangular ( Fig. 19h View FIGURE 19 ); T7 lateral lobe acutely pointed with adjacent flanges to exterior ( Fig. 19f View FIGURE 19 ); S6 medially emarginate ( Fig. 19g View FIGURE 19 ).................................. Anthidium (Anthidium) philorum Cockerell, 1910 View in CoL

- Apical process of S8 rectangular, rounded apically ( Fig. 24h View FIGURE 24 ); T7 lateral lobe rounded outwardly, coming to roughly right-angular tip, without adjacent flanges ( Fig. 24e View FIGURE 24 ); S6 medially flat or rounded outward ( Fig. 24f View FIGURE 24 )...................................................................................... Anthidium (Anthidium) punctatum Latreille, 1809 View in CoL

32 Hind trochanter ventrally with distinct sharp spine ( Fig. 39j View FIGURE 39 ); anterior surface of F1 dark, not reddish-brown ( Fig. 39c View FIGURE 39 ).... 33

- Hind trochanter ventrally with blunt angle, not spined ( Fig. 38j View FIGURE 38 ); anterior surface of F1 reddish-brown ( Fig. 38c View FIGURE 38 )................................................................ Anthidium (Proanthidium) kashgarense ( Cockerell, 1911) View in CoL

33 Hind trochanter ventrally with spine much longer than broad basally ( Fig. 39j View FIGURE 39 )............................................................................................. Anthidium (Proanthidium) qingtaoi Niu & Zhu View in CoL , sp. nov.

- Hind trochanter ventrally with spine short, not longer than broad basally............................................................................................... Anthidium (Proanthidium) trochantericum Morawitz, 1893 View in CoL

Species Accounts

Subgenus Anthidium (Anthidium) Fabricius, 1804

Numerous generic names have been described for Anthidium View in CoL s. str. as enumerated in Michener (2007); most were based on aberrant taxa of Anthidium View in CoL from outside the Palaearctic.

Diagnosis: Anthidium s. str. can be distinguished from subgenus Proanthidium by the posterior margin of the scutellum rounded, without a spine laterally, and not or only little overhanging metanotum and propodeum.