Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pavón (1798: 28

González-Gallegos, Jesús Guadalupe, Roncal-Rabanal, Manuel & Uría, Rolando, 2023, Salvia cajamarcana (Lamiaceae), a new species from Cajamarca Department, Peru, and lectotypification of S. revoluta, Phytotaxa 597 (1), pp. 15-27 : 16-20

Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pavón (1798: 28 , t. 41). Figure 1 .

Type:— PERU, [Dept.] Lima: praeruptis Cantae , H . Ruiz & J . Pavón s.n. (lectotype MA 815057 !, designated here; isolectotypes F 17665 !, F 844531 !, G 00390487 !, MA 815058 !) .

Salvia acutifolia Ruiz & Pavón (1798: 24 , t. 38). Type:— PERU, Dept. Lima: prope Cheuchin [Chiuchín], H. Ruiz & J . Pavón s.n. (lectotype MA 815026 !, designated here; isolectotypes MA 815025 !, MA 815027 !) .

Salvia macbridei Epling (1938: 41) . Type:— PERU, Dept. Pasco: prope Yanahuanca , 3048 m, 16–22 June 1936, J.F. MacBride & W . Featherstone 1190 (holotype UC [not found]; isotypes F V0171430 , G 435554 !, G 435555 !, MO 1248368 , S 9029 !) .

Shrub, 0.7–1.5 m tall, stems tomentulose with whitish, grayish or yellowish branched hairs, these short stalked (dendritic), glabrescent in older portions. Leaves slightly aromatic; petioles (0.2–) 0.4–3 cm long, tomentulose like the stems; leaf blade lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 2.4–9 × (0.4–) 1–3.5 cm, apex acute to attenuate, base rounded-truncate to cordate, margin crenulate to dentate and revolute; lower leaf surface tomentulose like the stems, whitish between the veins, upper surface green opaque and slightly bullate to rugose, with sparse hairs. Inflorescence in racemes 3–8(–15) cm long, with 3–8 verticillasters, each one (4–)6–12-flowered, the lowermost nodes 0.5–1 cm apart from each other, floral axis tomentulose like the stems. Floral bracts deciduous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, (3–)6–14 × (2.8–) 4–7 mm, apex caudate, base attenuate and then truncate, margin entire; outer surface tomentulose like the stems; bracteoles absent. Pedicel 2–4 mm long, tomentulose as the stems; calyx divergent towards the apex, tube (8–)10–15.5(–17) × 4.4–7 mm, tomentulose like the stems with the hairs grayish to slightly violet, hispidulous inside with antrorse hairs, upper lip 7-veined (rarely 5-veined) and entire, the lobes acute but not mucronate at the tips; corolla lilac, purple or dark blue, paler to white in the distal half, without white nectar guides on the lower lip or these inconspicuous and restricted to the throat, pilose with the hairs concentrated on the upper lip, tube (12.8–)15–19(–23) × 4–6.6 mm, ventricose, with a ventral invagination near the middle of the tube and internally ornate with a couple folds at the invagination, upper lip 5–8.2 mm long, lower lip 5–10 × 4–8 mm; stamens included under the upper corolla lip, filament 2–3.3 mm long, connective 7.5–8.8 mm long, wider at the middle and entire, thecae 2–2.4 mm long, a pair of staminodes placed above and behind filament insertion of each stamen, linguiform and capitate, less than 1 mm long; gynobasic horn 0.7–1.5 mm long, style 19–22 mm long, short pilose along dorsal and ventral lines towards the apex, lower stigmatic branch shorter than the upper, acute or sometimes truncate at the apex. Mericarp ovoid, 2.5–3 × 1.5–1.7 mm, brown and irregularly marbled with a darker tone, smooth and glabrous.

Distribution and ecology:— Salvia revoluta is a Peruvian endemic species. It grows along the Andes in northwestern Peru ( Fig. 2 ), in an elevation from 2000 to 4100 m. It dwells in dry rocky hillsides, near or at the border of dirt roads, irrigation ditches and field crops, grasslands and shrublands, and shares habitat with Agave Linnaeus (1753: 323) , Alternanthera porrigens ( Jacquin 1798: 54) Kuntze (1891: 538) , Opuntia Miller (1754 : with no pagination), Salvia hirta Kunth (1818: 296) , S. ochrantha Epling (1937: 34) , and S. oppositiflora Ruiz & Pavón (1798: 26) ( Fig. 3D ).

Phenology:— Salvia revoluta flowers and fruits from mid-January to mid-September.

Etymology:— The epithet revoluta makes reference to the revolute margins of the leaves of the species.

Uses:— It is locally known as cutequero, and it is used in folk medicine as an infusion for use in baths to alleviate cold and headache.

Preliminary conservation status:— Precise data about number of populations and size, present and past reductions or estimations of extinction probability for Salvia revoluta are not available. Records with geographical information allow to calculate an Extent of Occurrence of 42,311 km 2, and an Area of Occupancy of 72 km 2. According to the UICN criteria (2022), the species would not qualify into any of the extinction risk categories considering EOO alone, but it should be recognized as Endangered (EN) when AOO is collated. However, S. revoluta shows an ample distribution in the northern portion of the Peruvian Andes, and it is highly probable that increasing the number of herbaria consulted several new populations would be revealed, and therefore, EOO and AOO might also increase. Hence, the conservation status of the species is not conclusive, but most likely it should deserve to be recognized at least as Vulnerable (VU)

Notes:— Ruiz & Pavón (1798) did not cite any specimens in the protologue of the species, they only stated that the plant came from steep cliffs near Canta around Lima, Peru. Epling (1939) based in that information cited two specimens as syntypes, from the Berlin and Boissier herbaria, respectively. The first was destroyed, and the second is currently deposited in G herbarium as part of the Boissier collection. There are also a couple of specimens in MA herbarium assigned to the Peruvian Flora of Ruiz and Pavón; of these, the one with barcode 815057 resembles the most the plate 41 presented in Flora Peruviana , et Chilensis ( Ruiz & Pavón 1798), which illustrates S. revoluta , due to the profuse fascicles of undeveloped leaves at the axils of each foliar node, which are not so abundant and clear in the other specimen at MA. Hence, the specimen MA 815057 is here selected as the lectotype supported on its clear assignation to the collections made during Peruvian exploration by Ruiz and Pavón, and by the resemblance to the figure corresponding to the species.

The typification of Salvia acutifolia was not clarified either. No specimens were mentioned in the original description by Ruiz & Pavón (1798), only the locality as Cheuchín [Chiuchín]. Epling (1939) stated as the type a specimen collected by Dombey in that locality, and he pointed out the presence of unambiguous specimens in Paris and Berlin herbaria but with no specific designation. Hence, he just listed what now could be considered as syntypes. However, there are two specimens of Ruiz & Pavón from the same locality in MA herbarium that are also part of the original material and given that the species was described by these authors, their specimens should have preference in regard to those of Dombey. Among the three specimens in MA herbarium, the one with barcode 815026 is the best conserved, showing floral buds, several mature flowers, and calyces in incipient fructification, besides, it shows clear characters that can link it to the figure of the species in the original publication such as the axillary fascicles of undeveloped leaves and a node with axillary flowers at the base of the inflorescence. Hence, this is here selected as the lectotype of S. acutifolia .

Additional specimens examined:— PERU. Áncash: Caraz: Caraz-Laguna Parón, en borde de la carretera, 2900 m, 17 May 1976, A . López-M. 8352 ( MO). Corongo: Nueva Victoria , alrededores de Corongo, 3100 m, 7 May 1987, J . Mostacero-L. 1996 ( MO); District Huaylas, Huascarán National Park, Quebrada Santa Cruz between Huatunquiswar and Lago Santa Cruz Chico, 4000–4100 m, 16 January 1985, D. N . Smith et al. 9266 ( CPUN!, MO); Huaylas: Huascarán National Park, wester flank of Cordillera Blanca , Alpamayo-Cashapampa trail, 3500–3950 m, 13 March 1985, D. N . Smith & R . Valencia 10064 ( CPUN!, MO); Huascarán National Park, ruins at Auquipuquio , 3750–3900 m, 8 April 1986, D. N . Smith et al. 12038 ( CPUN!, MO); Huascarán National Park, Quebrada Parón , 3500–3760 m, 8 May 1985, D. N . Smith 10575 ( CPUN!, MO) . Cajamarca: Chota: Llama , 2060 m, 25 March 1953, J . Soukup 4217 ( US!); Llama-Huambos , 2100 m, 22 May 1965, R . M . Harley 5274 ( MO); Tucupampa ( Llama-Huambos ), 2500 m, 17 March 1997, A . Sagástegui-A. et al. 15942 ( MO!); entre Lajas y Cochabamba, por el desvío de la carretera Cochabamba-Chancay Baños, a la altura del túnel hacia el río Chancay , 2150–2450 m, 22 June 1988, J . G . Sánchez-V. 418 ( CPUN!); District Huambos, de Huambos a Llama , Callampampa , 6º31’51”S, 79º5’21”W, 2528 m, 3 July 2016, R . Uría & F . Lozano s.n. ( CIIDIR!). Cutervo : cerca de Cutervo, 2700–2800 m, 26 August 1963, R . Ferreyra & C . Acleto 15375 ( US!); carretera entre Llama y Huambos, Tunaspampa , 2600–2900 m, 21 April 1988, C . Díaz-S. & M. Severo-B. 2893 ( MO); Cumbre La Cruz , entre Cutervo y Cochabamba, 2300 m, 27 June 1992, J . G . Sánchez-V. & A. Miranda 6366 ( CPUN!, MO!) . La Libetad: Otuzco: Caluara (Sinsicap), 3000 m, 1 May 1954, A. López-M. 1067 ( US!); Santiago de Chuco: Santiago Chuco , 3100 m, April 1950, A . López-M. 417 ( US!); Las Manzanas ( Algallama–Angamarca ), 3415 m, 23 June 1954, A . López-M. 1118 (US!). Lima: Cajatambo: cerca de Oyón, 3500–3600 m, 29 May 1948; R . Ferreyra 3535 ( US!); bajando a Oyón , 3200–3300 m, 29 May 1948, R . Ferreyra 3544 ( US!); Tunaspata , 3280 m, April 1988, C . Ochoa & A . Salas 12578 ( US!) . Pasco: Pasco: Huariaca, 2825 m, 13 September 1922, J . F . MacBride 2407 ( F!); Huariaca , 2825 m, 2 April 1923, J . F . MacBride 3091 ( F!, US!); Cerro La Quinua , 3500 m, 24 June 1940, E . Asplund 12000 ( US!); between Salcachupán and Cerro de Pasco , 3500 m, 31 January 1950, R . Ferreyra 6603 ( F!, US!); road to Huanuco, km 329 from Pasco , along river, 3505 m, 13 July 1977, E . Norman s.n. ( US!) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Salvia revoluta. A Inflorescence. B Flower. C Calyx. D Corolla. E Ventral corolla dissection showing the stamens and the style (photographs from R. Uría’s private garden in Mar de Plata, Buenos Aires Province,Argentina, originally collected at Callampampa, District Llama, Province Chota, Department Ancash, Perú by R. Uría).

FIGURE 2. Maps showing the geographical distribution of Salvia cajamarcana (white triangles) and S. revoluta (white dots). In the main map, Peru is highlighted with a more intense background; the inset shows the area occupied by both species. Political boundaries of Peruvian Departments are shown (background of the maps taken from Google Earth Pro 7.3.48642).

FIGURE 3. Habitat of different populations of Salvia cajamarcana (A–C) and S. revoluta (D), all in the Department Cajamarca.A Laguna San Nicolás, District Namora, Province Cajamarca. B Lluchubamba, District Sitacocha, Province Cajabamba. C Oxamarca, District Oxamarca, Province Celendín. D Callampampa, District Llama, Province Chota (photographs by R. Uría and F. Lozano).