Cnemoplites Newman, 1842

Jin, Mengjie, Keyzer, Roger De, Hutchinson, Paul, Pang, Hong & Ślipiński, Adam, 2020, A Review Of The Australian Macrotomini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Annales Zoologici 70 (1), pp. 33-96 : 48-50

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3161/00034541ANZ2020.70.1.003
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795944
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87B7-CB7B-1B3F-FB83-FA62FF15FDBE
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Cnemoplites Newman, 1842
status

Treatment

Cnemoplites Newman, 1842 View in CoL

( Figs. 6 View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7 , 14F View Figure 14 , 15I View Figure 15 , 16 View Figure 16 E–F, 17A View Figure 17 )

Cnemoplites Newman, 1842: 351 View in CoL . Type species Cnemoplites edulis Newman, 1842 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Paroplites Lameere, 1903a: 54 View in CoL . Type species Macrotoma australis Erichson, 1842 View in CoL , subsequently designated by Delahaye et al. 2016. Synonymised by Jin et al. 2020.

Diagnostic combination (Male). Large beetles, 25–60 mm long. Dorsum usually unicoloured, black to dark brown, sometimes with elytra slightly yellowish or reddish brown. Sexually dimorphic dense punctures on prothorax and scutellum present in some species only. Head narrower than prothorax; frontoclypeal suture arcuate or weakly angulate; median groove complete. Antennal tubercles moderately prominent, rounded apically. Eyes relatively large, weakly emarginate near antennal insertion, narrowly or moderately separated dorsally. Mandibles short, at most about half of head length, not sexually dimorphic, weakly bent towards ventral side in few species, unidentate apically. Antennal length variable. Scape at least half of head length, posteriorly extending beyond posterior margin of eye or even reaching anterior margin of pronotum, expanding apically, flat with blunt external edge; antennomere 3 longer than scape and antennomere 4 in most species, except in C. cephalotes . Mentum not fused to submentum. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps weakly expanded and apically slightly truncate. Prothorax transverse with lateral carina regularly dentate; anterior and posterior margins with complete beads. Pronotal disc usually glabrous, sometimes with very sparse and fine hairs, surface with dense coarse punctures. Prosternal process subparallel, extending beyond procoxae, rounded apically. Elytral surfaces moderately to strongly coriaceous, traces of wing venation present on few species; inner apical angle with short spine. Legs relatively long; femora with rows of sharp spines on ventral side. Protibia usually with rows of spines except in C. cephalotes , two or three sharp external projections apically and a pair of subequal spurs; tarsomere 3 moderately lobed; tarsomere 5 length varies in different species.

Description. Male. Length 25–60 mm. Dorsum usually uniformly brown or dark brown, sometimes with slightly reddish or yellowish elytra. Head approximately as long as wide, narrower than pronotum. Mandibles usually about 1/3 of head length, in C. cephalotes and C. gahani longer than half length of head; mandible weakly to moderately curved inwards, without sexual dimorphism; each mandible wedge-shaped, very thick and strong on lateral side and near the base, unidentate at apex, with one or two extra teeth on incisor edge. Labrum transverse, anterior margin pointed medially with very dense setae; labrum separated from clypeus by arcuate groove; dorsal surface of labrum and clypeus with sparse fine hairs. Frontoclypeal suture angulate or weakly arcuate; median groove distinct and complete. Antennal tubercles relatively prominent, apex rounded. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform, usually extending to the middle of elytra, in C. cephalotes relatively short, only extending beyond elytral humeral angle, in C. cnemoplitoides extremely long, almost extending beyond elytra apex. Scape long and weakly flat, at least reaching beyond posteri- or margin of eyes, in C. cnemoplitoides reaching the anterior margin of pronotum; antennomere 3 as long as or slightly longer than scape, in C. cephalotes distinctly shorter than scape; and always longer than antennomere 4. Eyes large, transverse, coarsely facetted, slightly emarginate near antennal foramen; narrowly to moderately separate dorsally. Submentum weakly emarginate at apex, mentum well exposed. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps elongate oval to weakly expanded, apex slightly truncate. Pronotum transverse, more or less trapezoid with posterior margin broader than anterior margin, sub rectangular in C. cephalotes ; complete bead present on both anterior and posterior margin. Lateral carina with rather regular teeth, usually with prominent posterior angles except in C. cephalotes . Disc surface almost glabrous, sparse and fine hairs present near lateral margin in C. edulis ; surface almost uniformly densely and coarsely punctate, with very weakly elevated and shiny area medially. Prosternum usually coriaceous punctate, in C. cephalotes only with few fine punctures; surface usually with sparse fine hairs, densely setose in C. edulis ; hypomeron well-defined, as broad as or slightly narrower than prosternal process; prosternal process sub-parallel, strongly projecting towards mesoventrite, rounded apically. Mesoventral process relatively narrow, emarginate at apex. Ventral side of pterothorax and coxae covered with golden hairs. Metanepisternum weakly constricted near posterior margin. Scutellum rounded or weakly emarginate apically; surface variable. Elytral surfaces covered with irregular coriaceous sculpture, glabrous and usually shiny, relatively dull in C. cnemoplitoides ; without or with very weak traces of venation presenting on basal elytra; elytral apices rounded usually with short sutural spine, spines absent in C. edulis ; epipleuron almost complete, narrowing apically. Legs strong; femur subparallel, with rows of sharp spines on ventral side; tibia weakly expanded towards apex, surface rough and usually with rows of spines along outer margin, spines absent in C. cephalotes , ventral surface bearing sensory setae apically; each tibia with one or two apical projections and a pair of subequal spurs; tarsi moderately strong; tarsomere 3 moderately to strongly lobed; tarsomere 5 usually as long as or shorter than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined, longer than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined in C. cephalotes . Abdominal ventrites 1–4 with sexual setal patches except in C. australis and C. cnemoplitoides , the sizes of setal patches and length of setae varies in different species; setae present along the edge of ventrites 1–5, especially on the apex of ventrite 5. Male genitalia ( Fig. 14F View Figure 14 ). Tegmen longer than sternite VII; parameres moderately long, rounded apically with triangular projections at the base; penis usually as long as tegmen, longer in C. argodi and C. cephalotes ; dorsal apex broadly rounded while ventral apex narrowly rounded.

Female. Body usually more elongate than in male, sexual setal patches absent on abdominal ventrites. Ovipositor long; apical sclerosed part usually less than half length of baculus, in C. edulis about 2/3 length of baculus ( Fig. 15I View Figure 15 ); distal gonocoxites very short and small, moderately to strongly truncate apically, stylus large, inserted laterally and close to gonocoxite apex, expanded apically.

Remarks. Based on the molecular results ( Jin et al. 2020), we excluded some species from the Cnemoplites , and placed them in two separated genera: Hermerius and Hagrides . We have subsequently found morphological evidence to support these molecular clades (discussed below). The monophyly of the clade with the remaining species of Cnemoplites was not strongly supported on the molecular tree, and we have not been able to find morphological characters to support that clade, and its monophyly requires a further research.