Calophya schini Tuthill, 2000

Burckhardt, D. & Basset, Y., 2000, The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): systematics, biogeography and host plant relationships, Journal of Natural History 34 (1), pp. 57-155 : 120-122

Calophya schini Tuthill , stat. rev.

(®gures 9A±E, G, 20, 62)

Psyllid gall, RuÈbsaamen, 1899: 277, ®gure 17; 1908: 77, ®gure 16. Larvae , Bolivia: Cochabamba, iv.1892, in pit gall on leaf of Schinus molle (O. Kunze) (MNHU)

Calophya schini Tuthill, 1959: 5 . Holotype,l Peru: La Cantuta, 6.x.1958, Schinus molle (USNM) , examined

Description. Adult. Coloration. Head and body green or yellow. Antennae dark brown. Genal processes whitish. Thoracic dorsum with orange to brown pattern. Abdomen brown. Fore and midlegs greyish brown. Forewings colourless, transparent, veins brown. Dark colour in young specimens reduced.

Structure. Anterior portion of vertex covered in short setae which are about as long as distance between them; genal processes moderately long, slender, contiguous in the middle. Forewings (®gure 9A) oval, widest in apical third, evenly rounded apically; surface spinules present in all cells leaving broad spinule-free stripes along the veins. Genitalia as in ®gure 9B±E, G. Male subgenital plate short; proctiger thick, rounded posteriorly; paramere lamellar, short, obliquely truncate apically, anterior inner apical tooth large; distal portion of aedeagus weakly curved, with oblong apical dilatation. Female proctiger with relatively short pointed apical process; subgenital plate with relatively short, subacute apical processes.

Measurements in mm (6, l 6 m). HW 0.49±0.64; AL 0.50±0.63; WL 1.74±2.20; MP 0.14±0.20; PL 0.11±0.11; AA 0.14±0.16; FP 0.27±0.32; VL/GL 0.94±2.00; AL/F1 2.24±3.15; AL/HW 0.88±1.11; WL/HW 3.11±3.68; WL/WW 2.24±2.77; a/b

1.50±2.00; c/d 0.79±1.15; TL/HW 0.59±0.74; MP/HW 0.27±0.38; AB/AA 0.94±1.21; FP/HW 0.47±0.57; FP/SL 0.90±1.33; FP/CL 2.07±3.56; FP/FA 2.58±3.56.

Fifth instar larva (®gure 20). Anterior margin of head forming two large lobes.

Antennae S-shaped, with sectasetae. Legs with claws. Anterior margin of humeral lobes ending distal to anterior eye margin. Abdominal dorsum without median row of horns. Caudal plate ratio 0.40. Circumanal ring oval. Head, wing bud and abdominal margins with sectasetae.

Host plant, gall and biology. Schinus molle . Inducing pit galls on the leaves (®gure 62), petioles, twiglets and ¯ower buds (Downer et al., 1988; RuÈbsaamen, 1899, 1908; Tuthill, 1959). When heavily attacked the leaves become distorted and drop prematurely. Galls and larvae were described and illustrated by RuÈbsaamen (1899, 1908), Downer et al. (1988) and NunÄ ez and Saiz (1994, nr. 49, ®gure 20).

Eggs are laid on several types of tender new growth. Based on the presence of eggs and adults, Downer et al. (1988) suggested that reproduction may take place yearround but that the population size varies with tree phenology.

Distribution. Bolivia (Cochabamba), Peru (Ancash, Cuzco, Hua Ânuco, Lima, Tacna), and introduced into Argentina (Jujuy, Mendoza, Salta), Chile (Regions I±V, Metropolitana), New Zealand and USA (California). Reported from Bolivia (RuÈbsaamen, 1899, 1908), Peru, Chile ( Tuthill, 1959) and California (Downer et al., 1988).

Material examined. Argentina: deep pit galls on the leaēts and leaf pedicels, Province Jujuy, Maimara , v.1873 , Schinus molle (Lorentz and Hieronymus) ; 1 m, Province Mendoza, 18 km Mendoza to Villa Vicencia , 700 m, 18.i.1997, Schinus molle (D. Burckhardt) ; 9 adults and larvae, same data but Mendoza Valley, Potrerillos to Cacheuta , 1200 m, 17.i.1997; ca 100 adults, same data but Villa Hodel, 7 km on road Cacheuta to Mendoza , 1100 m, 17.i.1997; 20, l 27 m, Mendoza, Zoological Garden , vii.1997 (S. Roig) ; pit galls on the leaves, Province Salta, Departemento Santa Victoria, Santa Victoria , 2385 feet, 1.ii.1943, Schinus molle (T. Meyer) . Bolivia: larvae, Cochabamba, iv.1892 , in pit gall on leaf of Schinus molle (O. Kunze) ; pit galls on the leaves, Cochabamba, Parotani , 18ss00 ¾S 66ss30 ¾W , 840 feet, 10.vii.1949, Schinus molle (W. M. A. Brooke) ; pit galls on the leaves, Larecaja, NL. Sorata, 15ss47¾S, 68ss40¾W, San Pedro , 2650 m, 9.i.1978, Schinus molle ; pit galls on leaves, Capi , iii.1890 , Schinus molle (Britton and Rusby) . Chile: I Region, 1, l 1 m, Arica , 29.i.1968 , Schinus molle (A. Abenteca and P. Lo  pez); 1, l Tarapaca Â, Tilivichi , 8.ii.1994 (L. E. PenÄ a and A. Ugarte) ; II Region, 3, l 2 m, Antofagasta, 25.ii.1947 , Schinus molle (G. Olalquiaga F.) ; 3, l 1 m, Lasana , 2590 m, 22ss18¾S 68ss48¾W, vii.1997, Pluchea absinthoides (F. Sa  iz); III Region , 3, l 7 m, Province Copiapo, Copiapo , 27ss20¾S 70ss18¾W , 300 m, 7.xii.1993, Schinus molle (D. Burckhardt) ; 37 adults, same data but Quebrada de Paipote , 70 km NE Copiapo, 27ss09¾S 69ss54 ¾W , 1800 m, 12.xii.1993; 1 m, Province Huasco , 14 km E Vallenar, 22.ii.1985 , Schinus sp. (D. Hollis) ; 2, l 4 m, same data but 35 km E Vallenar , 22.ii.1985 , Schinus molle ; IV Region , 51, l 53 m, 2 larvae and pit galls on the leaves, Province Elqui, Valle Elqui near Rivadavia , 750 m, 20.xii.1995, Schinus molle (D. Burckhardt) ; 1 exuvia, same data but ca 40 km E La Serena, 5 km SW VinÄita Baja , 450 m, 19.xii.1995; 1 m, same data but 15 km SW VinÄ ita Baja , 29ss50¾S 70ss50¾W , 450 m, 4.xii.1993; 6, l 13 m, same data but 15±25 km S VicunÄ a, 30ss15¾S 70ss40¾W , 1300±1700 m, 14.xii.1993; 16 adults, pit galls on the leaves, same data but 10 km S VicunÄ a to Hurtado , 900 m, 18.xii.1995; pit galls on leaves, VicunÄ a, 25.xi.1951, Schinus molle (J. FroÈdin) ; 10, l 11 m, same data but Coquimbo, Hurtado , 19.ii.1985 , Schinus molle (D. Hollis) ; 121 adults and larvae, and pit galls on leaves, Province LimarõÂ, Fray Jorge National Park , 250 m, 7± 9.xii.1990, mediterranean scrub (D. Agosti and D. Burckhardt ); 4, l 5 m, same data but 30ss40¾S 71ss40 ¾W , 100 m, 14± 16.xii.1992; 4 m, same data but Quebrada La Vaca , 30ss40¾S 71ss40¾W , 100±200 m; V Region, ca 80 adults and larvae, pit galls on the leaves, Province Quillota, Quillota , La Palma , 300 m, 25.xii.1995, Schinus molle (D. Burckhardt) ; 1, l pit galls on leaves, same data but 15.i.1996 ; 7, l 4 m, same data but La Calera, 32ss47¾S 71ss12¾W , 100 m, 15.xi.1992; 18, l 17 m, eggs and larvae, same data but Province San Felipe , La Calera , 300 m, 26.xii.1995; 14 adults, same data but Termas de Jahuel , 1000 m, 21.i.1997; 3 m, same data but Schinus polygamus ; Region Metropolitana : 3 m, Santiago, Parque Metropolitano , 22.ix.1982 , on ornamental plants; 1, l 4 m, 6 larvae, pit galls on leaves, same data but 3.xii.1990 , Schinus molle (D. Agosti) ; 2, l 2 m, Santiago, Maipu , 22.x.1989 , Schinus molle (M. Elgueta) ; 39 adults, 40 km on Carretera 78, Isla de Maipo , 4.v.1993 , Schinus molle (D. Burckhardt) . New Zealand: 10, l 4 m, 17 larvae, Auckland, 3.vii.1989 , Schinus molle (P. J. Dale) . Peru: PARATYPES 1, l 1 m, Lima, Rimac Valley , 19.xii.1958 (L. D. Tuthill) ; 34, l 28 m, Cuzco, Lucre, 30 km S Cuzco , 3550 m, 4.viii.1971 (C. M. Vardy); 4, l 4 m, Tacna, Calientes , 1200 m, 10.ii.1994 (L. E. PenÄa and A. Ugarte). USA: California, 3, l 5 m, Los Angeles County, Inglewood , 18.x.1984 , Schinus molle (Penrose) ; adults, larvae and pit galls on the leaves, same data but Lakewood , 3.i.1985 (D. Sulentich) ; adults, larvae and pit galls on the leaves, same data but Los Angeles , 18.x.1984 (Penrose) ; adults and pit galls on the leaves, same data but I405 at Ohio Street, Westwood Park , 5.x.1984 ; 2, l 1 m; Napa County, Napa , 24.iii.1987 , Schinus molle (King) 4, l 2 larvae, Orange County, Fullerton , 10.viii.1984 , Schinus molle (D. Byers) ; 10 larvae, same data but 19.vii.1984 ; adults, larvae and pit galls on the leaves, same data but Long Beach , 18.vii.1984 (M. Miller) ; 4, l 3 m, 14 larvae, Riverside County, Corona , 12.xii.1986 , Schinus molle (Reaves and Chandler) ; 3, l 2 m, Rosemead Co. Q. at Visalia , 20.iii.1987 , Schinus molle ( R. D. Haines, M. DeShon and R. Rainey); 1, l 7 larvae, San Bernardino County, Lompoc , 31.i.1985 , Schinus molle (Janssen and Davidson) ; larvae and pit galls on the leaves, San Diego County, Rancho Santa Fe , 23.i.1987 , Schinus molle (H. Metcalf) ; 1 m, San Luis Obispo County, 17.xii.1986 , Croton sp. (Smithback) ; adults, larvae and pit galls on the leaves, Sonora County, Santa Rosa , 2.vi.1987 , Schinus molle (J. Joos) ; 6, l 4 m, Ventura County, Camarillo , 17.vii.1985 (Penrose) ; 1 m, same data but Fillmore , 19.viii.1985 ; 8, l 7 m, same data but Ventura , 18.x.1984 ; larvae and pit galls on the leaves, same data but 3.x.1984 .

Dry and slide mounted, and preserved in alcohol (BMNH, DFAS, IAIM, HNHM, MHNG, MHNS, MNHN, MNHU, NHMB, UCVA, USNM).