Calophya rubra (Blanchard)

Burckhardt, D. & Basset, Y., 2000, The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): systematics, biogeography and host plant relationships, Journal of Natural History 34 (1), pp. 57-155 : 118-120

Calophya rubra (Blanchard)

( ®gures 8G±L, 19, 61) Calinda rubra Blanchard, 1852: 312 . Lectotype m, Chile: Coquimbo ( MNHN), examined; designated by Burckhardt, 1988: 119

Psyllid gall nr. 1, Kie er and Herbst, 1905: 65; 1906: 234: plate I, ®gures 7, 8

Calophya rubra (Blanchard) ; Burckhardt, 1988: 119

Description. Adult. Coloration. Head and body dark brown to black. Intersegmental membranes reddish brown. Forewings colourless, transparent, veins brown. Young specimens lighter with more extended ochreous and reddish coloration darkening gradually.

Structure. Anterior portion of vertex covered in very short and inconspicuous setae; genal processes long, slender, contiguous in the middle. Forewings (®gure 8G) oblong±oval, widest in the middle, irregularly rounded apically; surface spinules absent apart from cell cu 2. Genitalia as in ®gure 8H±L. Male subgenital plate short; proctiger thick, rounded posteriorly; paramere lamellar, long, truncate apically; distal portion of aedeagus straight, long, with large apical dilatation. Female proctiger with long pointed apical process; subgenital plate with long, subacute apical processes.

Measurements in mm (5, l 9 m). HW 0.60±0.72; AL 0.48±0.72; WL 1.93±2.45; MP 0.24±0.27; PL 0.18±0.19; AA 0.22±0.25; FP 0.43±0.61; VL/GL 0.95±1.22; AL/F1 2.00±3.05; AL/HW 0.69±1.18; WL/HW 3.06±3.70; WL/WW 2.14±2.46; a/b 1.28±1.63; c/d 0.67±1.05; TL/HW 0.68±0.82; MP/HW 0.38±0.43; AB/AA 0.92±1.09; FP/HW 0.62±0.87; FP/SL 0.98±1.42; FP/CL 3.59±4.45; FP/FA 1.95±2.90.

Fifth instar larva (®gure 19). Yellow, dorsal sclerites ochreous to brown. Anterior margin of head weakly concavely rounded, not cleft in the middle. Antennae straight, without sectasetae. Legs with claws. Anterior margin of humeral lobes level with posterior eye margin. Abdominal dorsum with median row of horns. Caudal plate ratio 0.53. Circumanal ring circular. Head margin with short thick setae; wing bud margin without specialized setae; abdominal margin with very slender and long lanceolate setae.

Host plant, gall and biology. Schinus polygamus . Inducing nut galls on twigs and branches (®gure 61). Sometimes several galls fused together but each gall contains one chamber with one larva. Before emergence of the adult the gall measures 3±4 mm in diameter bearing a few hairs around the opening pore. The gall may be ¯eshy or woody. The gall was described and illustrated by Kie er and Herbst (1905, 1906), and by NunÄ ez and Sa Âiz (1994, nr. 51-2, ®gure 24).

Distribution. Chile (Regions IV±VIII and Metropolitana). Reported from Coquimbo (Blanchard, 1852) and from`Quinamarida near Linares between Valparaiso and Santiago’ [sic] (Kie er and Herbst, 1905, 1906), and from the La Campana National Park (Sa Âiz and NunÄez, 1977) (see also comments). The species has probably a bivoltine life cycle (Sa Âiz and NunÄez, 1977).

Material examined. Chile: IV Region, 1 m, lectotype of Calinda rubra , Coquimbo; V Region, 20 land m, Province Quillota, La Campana National Park, 1300 m, 11.i.1985, Schinus sp. (D. Hollis) ; 54 ®rst to third instar larvae, same data but La Campana National Park, Sector Ocoa, 400±500 m, 9.viii.1993, from from nut galls on twigs and branches of Schinus polygamus (F. Sa  iz); ca 30 second to ®fth instar larvae (mostly larger instars), same data but 6.ix.1993; 20 third to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 25.x.1993; ca 20 ®rst and second instar larvae; same data but 6.xii.1993; 20 ®rst and 1 third instar larvae, same data but 25.i.1994; ca 60 ®rst instar larvae, same data but 7.iv.1994; ca 40 second to forth instar larvae, same data but 30.v.1994; ca 30 second to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.vii.1994; 54 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly larger instars), same data but 16.viii.1994; ca 40 second to ®fth instar larvae (mostly larger instars), same data but 12.ix.1994; 23 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 10.x.1994; 40 second instar larvae, same data but 12.xii.1994; larvae from nut galls on twigs, Province San Felipe, Termas de Jahuel, 1000 m, 21.i.1997, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; 1 m, Province Los Andes, near Portillo Ski Centre, Guardia Veja, 21.x.1995, on branches of Schinus polygamus (R. MunÄoz G.) ; Region Metropolitana: 2, l 2 m, Province Santiago, Tiltil, Cuesta La Dormida, 5.xi.1965 (P. Balogh); VI Region, 4 larvae from nut galls on twigs, Province Colchagua, La Ru®na, RõÂo Tinguiririca, 650 m, 11.i.1996, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; nut galls on twigs of Schinus polygamus , same data but Bellavista, RõÂo Claro, 900 m, degraded deciduous forest; VII Region, 13, l 10 m, 5 larvae, galls on branches and twigs, Province Talca, Armerillo to Las Garzas, Valle Maule, 700 m, 35ss45¾S 71ss00¾W, 25.xi.1992, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; larvae from nut galls on twigs, same data but Province Cauquenes, 10 km W Cauquenes, 400 m, 12.ii.1996, open degraded scrub; larvae and galls on twigs, same data but Province Linares, 10 km W Parral, 400 m, 12.ii.1996; VIII Region, 13, l 16 m, 3 larvae, nut galls on twigs, Province Concepcio  n, Escuadro  n, 15 km S Concepcio  n, 36ss56¾S 73ss09¾W 50 m, 10.xii.1992 (D. Burckhardt); 3, l 10 m, nut galls on the twigs, same data but Escuadro  n, 15 km S Concepcio  n, 20 m, 17.i.1996; nut galls on twigs of Schinus polygamus , same data but Province BiobõÂo, Laguna del Laja National Park, sector Chacay, 1200 m, 19.i.1996, Austrocedrus forest and open sclerophyll scrub; nut galls on twigs of Schinus polygamus , same data but sector Lagunillas, 1100 m, 21.i.1996, open Austrocedrus forest and sclerophyll scrub. Dry and slide mounted, and preserved in alcohol (BMNH, HNHM, MHNG, MHNS, MNHN, NHMB, UCVA, USNM).

Comments. The distribution records of C. rubra given by Burckhardt (1988) concern a mixture of species.