Calophya mammifex, Burckhardt & Basset, 2000

Burckhardt, D. & Basset, Y., 2000, The jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with Schinus (Anacardiaceae): systematics, biogeography and host plant relationships, Journal of Natural History 34 (1), pp. 57-155 : 99-115

Calophya mammifex sp. n.

(®gures 7A±F, 16, 60)

Psyllid gall nr. 2, Kie er and Herbst, 1905: 65; 1906: 234, plate I ®gs 10, 11

Calophya mammifex nomen nudum, Sa  iz and NunÄez, 1997: 39

Description. Adult. Coloration. Head and body dark brown. Genal processes whitish. Legs ochreous with darker patches. Forewings light, transparent, veins brown, anterior margin dark brown. Young specimens greenish or yellowish becoming gradually darker with age.

Structure. Anterior portion of vertex covered in setae which are about as long as distance between them; genal processes long, slender, contiguous in the middle. Forewings (®gure 7A) oval, widest in the middle or in apical third, irregularly rounded apically; surface spinules, apart from base, wanting. Genitalia as in ®gure 7B±F. Male subgenital plate short; proctiger thick; paramere lamellar truncate apically; distal portion of aedeagus long, weakly curved with short globular apical dilatation. Female proctiger with moderately long apical process; subgenital plate relatively short, blunt apically.

Measurements in mm (8, l 12 m). HW 0.50±0.67; AL 0.44±0.68; WL 1.57±2.17; MP 0.18±0.23; PL 0.13±0.18; AA 0.14±0.18; FP 0.28±0.38; VL/GL 0.90±1.25; AL/F1 2.50±3.19; AL/HW 0.83±1.20; WL/HW 2.96±3.75; WL/WW 2.08±2.63; a/b 1.00±1.81; c/d 0.55±1.00; TL/HW 0.57±1.00; MP/HW 0.33±0.41; AB/AA 1.00±1.18; FP/HW 0.46±0.66; FP/SL 0.97±1.33; FP/CL 2.21±3.78; FP/FA 2.36±3.20.

Fifth instar larva (®gure 16). Yellowish with ochreous to brown dorsal sclerites. Anterior margin of head weakly concavely rounded, not cleft in the middle. Antennae straight, without sectasetae. Legs with claws. Anterior margin of humeral lobes level with posterior eye margin. Abdominal dorsum with median row of horns. Caudal plate ratio 0.56. Circumanal ring oval. Head and wing bud margins without specialized setae; abdominal margin with lanceolate setae.

Host plants, gall and biology. Schinus latifolius , polygam us and velutinus . Inducing nipple galls on the leaves of Schinus latifolius , polygamus (®gure 60) and velutinus , and nut galls on the ¯owers of S. polygamus . The leaf gall consists of a hemispherical nipple with hairs at the apex on one leaf face, and of a ¯attened, disk-shaped swelling on the other face. The gall usually di ers in colour from the remainder of the leaf. The chamber is spherical when inhabited by young instars and widens laterally with age. For adult emergence the gall tears open at the ori®ce producing a serrate margin. The gall shape on the di erent hosts is similar and the small di erences may be due to the physical properties of the leaves. The gall on the fruit is a small nut with hairs around the ori®ce. Several larvae were parasitized by Hymenoptera . The gall was described and illustrated by Kie er and Herbst (1905, 1906), and by NunÄez and Sa  iz (1994, nr. 48, ®gure 19, and nr. 51-1, ®gure 23). According to Sa Âiz and NunÄez (1997) C. mammifex is univoltine. However, Flores (1990) described a bivoltine cycle, erroneously attributed to Tainarys sordida , which may concern C. mammifex .

Distribution. Chile (Regions III±VIII, X and Metropolitana). Reported from`Quinamarida near Linares between Valparaiso and Santiago’ [sic] (Kie er and Herbst, 1905, 1906).

Material examined. HOLOTYPE, l Chile: IV Region , Province LimarõÂ, Fray Jorge National Park, 250 m, 7± 9.xii.1990, Schinus polygamus , mediterranean scrub (D. Agosti and D. Burckhardt), dry mounted ( MHNG).

PARATYPES. Chile: III Region, 4, l 6 m, 14 km E Vallenar, 22.ii.1985, Schinus (D. Hollis) ; 7, l 1 m, Atacama, Copiapo, Nantoco, 19.ix.1952 (P. G. Kuschel); 1, l 1 m, Province Huasco, Huasco, 50 m, 28ss27¾S 71ss05¾W, 13.xii.1993, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; IV Region, 1 m, El Panque, VicunÄa, 1800 m, 17.xi.1987 (L. PenÄ a); 1 m, Province Elqui, 15 km SW VinÄ ita Baja, 450 m, 29ss50¾S 70ss50¾W, 4.xii.1993, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; 1 m, same but 15±25 km S VicunÄa, 1300±1700 m, 30ss15¾S 70ss40¾W, 14.xii.1993; 11, l 8 m, same but 10 km S VicunÄ a to Hurtado, 900 m, 18.xii.1995; 2, l 1 m, 3 larvae, same data but ca 40 km La Serena, 5 km SW VinÄita Baja, 450 m, 19.xii.1995; 2, l 2 m, same data but 20 km S VicunÄa to Hurtado near Puente El Panque, 1600 m, 18.xii.1995; 1, l 4 m, same data but ca 45 km ENE La Serena, VinÄita Baja to Condoriaco, 800±1000 m, 19.xii.1995; 24, l 14 m, 5 larvae, same data but Valle Elqui near Rivadavia, 750 m, 20.xii.1995; 31, l 11 m, 2 larvae, same data as holotype, a few specimens also from Schinus molle ; 9, l 13 m, same data but 30ss40 ¾S 71ss40 ¾W, 100 m, 14± 16.xii.1992, Schinus molle ; 44, l 35 m, 8 larvae, same data but Quebrada la Vaca, 30ss40 ¾S 71ss40¾W, 100±200 m, 15± 17.xii.1992, Schinus polygamus a few specimens also on Schinus molle ; 6, l 6 m, same data but foot of hill, 18.ii.1985, Schinus polygamus (D. Hollis) ; 5, l 3 m, Choapa, 272 km Panamericana Norte, 23.x.1985, Schinus latifolius , Adesmia microphylla (M. Elgueta) ; 3, l same data but 19.xi.1985, Schinus latifolius ; 1 m, same data but 17.xii.1985, Baccharis concava ; 1 m, Choapa, Quereo, S Los Vilos, 27.x.1991 (M. Elgueta); 12, l 16 m, same data but 3.x.1993 (L. E. PenÄa and A. Ugarte); V Region, 3, l 1 m, Province Valparaiso, Fundo El Peque Ân, Valle Marga Marga, 33ss06¾S 71ss23¾W, 200 m, 21.xi.1992, Schinus latifolius (D. Burckhardt) ; 23, l 9 m, same data but Estero Catapilco near Maitencillo, 32ss40¾S 71ss27¾W, 50 m, 22.xi.1992; 2, l Province Petorca, Cuesta El Melo  n, 400 m, 22.xii.1995, Schinus velutinus (D. Burckhardt) ; 1, l 13 larvae, Province Quillota, Quillota, El Boco, 5.v.1993, Schinus velutinus (D. Burckhardt) ; 1, l 2 m, same data but La Campana National Park, 800 m, 32ss59¾S 71ss07 ¾W, 15± 21.xi.1992, Schinus latifolius ; 3, l 3 m, same data but 1300 m, 11.i.1985, Schinus sp. (D. Hollis) ; ca 10 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly smaller instars), same data but La Campana National Park, Sector Ocoa, 400± 500 m, 3.vii.1993, from leaf galls of Schinus polygamus (F. Sa  iz); ca 30 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly larger instars), same data but 19.vii.1993; 40±50 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly small instars), same data but 9.ix.1993; 53 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 24.ix.1993; ca 15 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly large instars), same data but 15.xi.1993; ca 60 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly small instars), same data but 25.i.1994; ca 60 ®rst or second instar larvae, same data but 7.iv.1994; ca 30 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae (mostly small instars), same data but 30.v.1994; ca 20 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.vii.1994; ca 30 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 29.viii.1994; ca 40 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.ix.1994; ca 20 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 10.x.1994; ca 50 ®rst to ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.xii.1994; ca 30 ®rst or second instar larvae, same data but 9.i.1995; 1, l 2 m, 1 larva, same data but xi.1995; 1, l 3 m, 1 adult without abdomen, same data but without date; 11 second, third and ®fth instar larvae, same data but 9.viii.1993, from leaf galls on Schinus latifolius ; 7 ®rst and 1 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 25.x.1993; 48 ®rst/second, 1 third and 3 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 6.xii.1993; 42 ®rst/second and 3 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 29.xii.1993; ca 40 ®rst/second, 1 third, 1 fourth and 1 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 25.i.1994; 46 ®rst/second, 3 third, and 1 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 7.iv.1994; ca 30 ®rst to third and 1 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 2.v.1994; ca 5 fourth and ca 25 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.vii.1994; 1 third and 10 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 16.viii.1994; ca 30 mostly ®fth instar larvae, same data but 26.ix.1994; ca 30 ®rst/second, 1 fourth and 7 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 31.x.1994; ca 10 ®rst/second and 2 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.xii.1994; ca 80 ®rst/second and 1 ®fth instar larvae, same data but 19.i.1995; 6, l 4 m, 2 second instar larvae, same data but without date; 20 fourth and ®fth instar larvae, same data but 12.ix.1994, on ¯owers of Schinus latifolius ; 17, l 14 m, 1 exuvia, same data but 10.x.1994; 11, l 15 m, 1 larval skin, same data but Quillota, La Palma, 300 m, 25.xii.1995, Schinus velutinus (D. Burckhardt) ; 6, l 5 m, 1 larval skin, same data but Schinus latifolius ; 1 m, Province San Felipe, El Ta  rtaro, 25 km N San Felipe, 32ss37¾S 70ss42 ¾W, 1000 m, 26.xii.1993, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; 4, l same data but El Ta  rtaro, 20 km N San Felipe, Putaendo Valley, 1100 m, 24.xii.1995; 11

, l 13 m, same data but El Asiento, 10 km NW San Felipe, 900 m, 13± 20.i.1997; 1

, l 3 m, same data but Termas de Jahuel, 1000 m, 21.i.1997, Acacia caven steppe with planted exotic trees; 5, l 1 m, Province Los Andes, 25 km W Portillo, 32ss50¾S 70ss08¾W, 1900±2100 m, 1.xii.1993, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; 10, l 3 m, same data but 28 km Portillo to RõÂo Blanco, Aconcagua Valley, 1500 m, 23.xii.1995; 1, l 1 m, same data but near Portillo Ski Centre, Guardia Vieja, 21.x.1995 (R. MunÄoz G.); Province San Antonio, 3 m, Las Cruces, near San Antonio, 17.v.1961, Schinus latifolius (N. L. H. Krauss) ; Region Metropolitana: 2, l 1 m, Province Tiltil, Cuesta La Dormida, 7±10 km km W Tiltil, 33ss04¾S 71ss02¾W, 950±1200 m, 28.xii.1993, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) ; 34 land m, 29±41 km Santiago to La Disputada Road, 9.i.1985, Schinus polygamus (D. Hollis) ; VI Region, 10, l 20 m, 1 larval skin, Province Colchagua, Bellavista, RõÂo Claro, 900 m, 11.i.1996, Schinus polygamus (D. Burckhardt) . Dry and slide mounted (BMNH, HNHM, MHNG, MHNS, MNHN, NHMB, UCVA, USNM).

Material not included in type series. Chile: IV Region, galls on the leaves, Rivadavia, 800 m, xi.1923, Schinus polygamus (E. Werdermann) ; galls on leaves and ¯owers of Schinus polygamus , same data as holotype; galls on leaves and ¯owers on Schinus polygamus , same data but Quebrada la Vaca, 30ss40¾S 71ss40¾W, 100±200 m, 15± 17.xii.1992; nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , Province Elqui, 20 km S VicunÄa towards Hurtado near puente El Pangue, 1600 m, 18.xii.1995, semi-desert and quebrada with water (D. Burckhardt); nipple galls on leaves, same data but 10 km S VicunÄa; nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , same data but 40 km E La Serena, 5 km SW VinÄita Baja, 450 m, 19.xii.1995, quebrada; nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , same data but Valle Elqui near Rivadavia, 750 m, 20.xii.1995, semi-desert with Baccharis shrubs and scattered trees in lowest part; V Region, nipple galls on the leaves, Province Petorca, Cuesta El Melo  n, 400 m, 22.xii.1995, Schinus velutinus (D. Burckhardt) ; galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , Province San Felipe, Los Patos, 35 km N San Felipe, 17.v.1993, 17.v.1993 (D. Burckhardt); nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , same data but El Asiento, 10 km NW San Felipe, 900 m, 13± 20.i.1997, mediterranean scrub; nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , same data but Termas de Jahuel, 1000 m, 21.i.1997, Acacia caven steppe with planted exotic trees; larvae from nipple galls on the leaves, same data but Putaendo, 8 km N San Felipe, 700 m, 12± 13.i.1997; nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , same data but Province Los Andes, 28 km Portillo to RõÂo Blanco, Aconcagua Valley, 1500 m, 23.xii.1995, mediterranean scrub; nipple galls on the leaves, RõÂo Aconcagua, near Los Andes, 800 m, 18.i.1904, Schinus polygamus ; larvae from nipple galls on leaves of Schinus latifolius and velutinus , Province Quillota, Quillota, La Palma, 300 m, 25.xii.1995, Acacia caven steppe and gullies with mediterranean scrub (D. Burckhardt); larvae from nipple galls on the leaves, same data but 15.i.1996, Schinus velutinus ; Region Metropolitana, nipple galls on the leaves, Santiago, slopes of Mount San Christobal, 25.iv.1904, Schinus polygamus ; VI Region, nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , Province Colchagua, La Ru na, RõÂo Tinguiririca, 650 m, 11.i.1996, mediterranean sclerophyll scrub (D. Burckkhardt); VII Region, nipple galls on leaves, Province Curico Â, road to Argentina, beyond Los QuenÄes, along Arroyo La Jaula in Andean foothills, 1218 m, 13.ii.1936, Schinus polygamus (Y. Mexia) ; nipple galls on the leaves, Province Linares, 10 km W Parral, 400 m, 12.ii.1996, Schinus polygamus , open degraded scrub (D. Burckhardt); nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , Province Cauquenes, 10 km W Cauquenes, 400 m, 12.ii.1996, open degraded scrub (D. Burckhardt); VIII Region, nipple galls on leaves of Schinus polygamus , Province BiobõÂo, Parque Nacional Laguna del Laja, sector Lagunillas, 1100 m, 21.i.1996, open Austrocedrus forest and sclerophyll scrub (D. Burckhardt); X Region, Province Valdivia, San Jose  de la Mariquina, 50 m, iii.1926 (A. Hollermayer). Dry mounted and preserved in alcohol (BMNH, MHNG, NHMB).

Comments. There are very minor di erences in the shape, size and colour of the nipple galls on the leaves of Schinus latifolius , polygam us and velutinus respectively (®gure 60) (Burckhardt, pers. obs.). We could not ®nd morphological di erences in the adults and ®fth instar larvae from the three hosts and conclude that they are conspeci®c. Other, perhaps biochemical, methods should be used to test our conclusion.