Palumbina operaria (Meyrick, 1918) Ga-Eun Lee 1, Houhun Li, Taeman Han & Haechul Park, 2018

Ga-Eun Lee 1, Houhun Li, Taeman Han & Haechul Park, 2018, A taxonomic review of the genus Palumbina Rondani, 1876 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Thiotrichinae) from China, with descriptions of twelve new species, Zootaxa 4414 (1), pp. 1-73 : 29-31

Palumbina operaria (Meyrick, 1918) comb. nov.

( Figs 2 , 6 , 9 , 19 , 32 , 45 , 54 , 83 , 104 , 122 )

Thiotricha operaria Meyrick, 1918: 125 ; Meyrick, 1925: 103; Clarke, 1969: 463; Ivinskis et al., 1984: 39. TL: Assam, India. TD: NHMUK.

Material examined. CHINA: Zhejiang Province: 2 ♂♂, Wuyanling, 930 m, Taishun County, 31.vii.2005, leg. Haili Yu, genitalia slide no. ZJL05451 ; 1 ♀, Zhangkengkou (28.32°N, 118.99°E), 623 m, Mt. Jiulong , 5.vii.2013, leg. Aihui Yin and Xiuchun Wang ; 2 ♀♀, Laoan (30.33°N, 119.40°E), 555 m, Mt. Tianmu , 19.viii.2014, leg. Aihui Yin, Xuemei Hu and Qingyun Wang ; 1 ♂, Sanmuping (30.37°N, 119.43°E), 789 m, Mt. Tianmu , 17.vii.2015, leg. Aihui Yin, Kang Lou and Tao Wang ; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ DNA voucher no. LGE-G016, Wangdongyang Wetlands Reserves (27.67°N, 119.63°E), 1301 m, Jingning County, 12.viii.2016, leg. Qingyun Wang, Meiqing Yang and Ping Liu, genitalia slide no. LGE16262 DNA voucher no. LGE-G427 ; Fujian Province: 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Guadun, 1100 m, Mt. Wuyi, 22.v.2004, leg. Haili Yu, genitalia slide nos. LGE16007, LGE16008; Xianfengling, 1000 m, Mt. Wuyi , 26.v.2004, leg. Haili Yu ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Pikeng, 600 m, Mt. Wuyi , 27.v.2004, leg. Haili Yu, slide no. NKLGE003 ; 3 ♀♀, Guadun, 1100 m, Mt. Wuyi , 29.vii.2008, leg. Weichun Li, Yongling Sun and Haiyan Bai ; Hubei Province: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Shayuan, 1260 m, Hefeng County, 15.vii.1999, leg. Houhun Li et al ; Hunan Province: 1 ♂, Mt. Badagong , 1250 m, Sangzhi County, 13.viii.2001, leg. Houhun Li and Xinpu Wang ; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Yangmeiao (25.29°N, 109.31°E), 1180 m, Huanjiang County, Hechi, 25.vii.2015, leg. Meiqing Yang and Ga-Eun Lee ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Yangmeiao Protection Station , 1240 m, Rongshui County, Liuzhou, 27.vii.2015, leg. Meiqing Yang and Ga-Eun Lee, DNA voucher no. LGE-G017 ; Guizhou Province: 1 ♂, Mt. Fanjing , 2100 m, 31.vii.20 0 1, leg. Houhun Li and Xinpu Wang ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Fanjing , 1300 m, 2̄ 3.viii.20 0 1, leg. Houhun Li and Xinpu Wang ; 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Mt. Fanjing , 1390 m, 28̄ 29.v.20 0 2, leg. Xinpu Wang, genitalia slide nos. ZJL05187, ZJL05188 ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mt. Fanjing , 1700 m, 1.vi.20 0 2, leg. Xinpu Wang ; 12 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Guocun Village, Daozhen County, 1300 m, 21.viii.2004, leg. Yunli Xiao, genitalia slide no. ZJL05405; 1 ♂, Fangxiang Town , 900 m, Leishan County, 13.ix.2005, leg. Jialiang Zhang, genitalia slide no. ZJL05452 ; 1 ♀, Xiasicun, 840 m, Kuankuoshui, Suiyang County, 9.vi.2010, leg. Linlin Yang ; Yunnan Province: 1 ♀, Xiaoheishan Nature Reserves (24.52°N, 98.84°E), 1974 m, Longling County, 1 8.vii.2013, leg. Tengteng Liu, Yuqi Wang and Kaijian Teng ; 2 ♀♀, Linjiapu (25.29°N, 98.70°E), 2144 m, Tengchong County, 1 5̄ 16.viii. 201 4, leg. Kaijian Teng, Shurong Liu and Hua Rong, genitalia slide no. LGE16040, DNA voucher no. LGE-G015 ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Baoshan (24.82°N, 98.78°E), 2009 m, 17.viii. 201 4, leg. Kaijian Teng, Shurong Liu and Hua Rong, genitalia slide no. LGE16039, DNA voucher no. LGE-G014.

Re-description. Adult ( Figs 6 , 9, 19, 32, 83). Wingspan 11.0̄15.0 mm. Head white, sometimes suffused with ochre. Labial palpus white to light yellow, slightly longer in female, segment I fuscous on outer surface; segment II with dorso-distal half fuscous, hair pencil reaching subapex of II in male; segment III fuscous, slender, as long as segment II, pointed at apex. Antenna with scape white, fuscous distally on posterior margin; flagellum black except dorsal half white, cilia as long as width in male. Thorax and tegula white anteriorly and ochreous to fuscous posteriorly. Forewing with hair pencil reaching basal 1/ 2 in male; ground color fuscous, basal 1/4 black on costa, slightly suffused with creamy scales at base, apex fuscous to black; markings dirty-white: antemedian fascia at basal 1/4 and 1/3, respectively, both running obliquely inward from costa to anterior 1/4, and curved outward to fold, then curved inward to dorsum, forming a Z-shaped pattern, between antemedian fasciae filled with black scales; dorsum creamy white from distal 2/5 to subapex or apex, both inner and outer ends extended and directed toward costa, forming a crescent shape, inner extension often interrupted by fuscous scales, leaving a spot in discal cell. Hindwing dark grey. Legs white to ochreous, fore coxa sometimes suffused with black near base, remaining parts as in P. pylartis .

Pregenital abdomen (Figs 45, 54). In male, coremata short, situated interiorly, as long as sternum VIII; sternum VIII rounded, tergum VIII with sclerotized edge. In female, sternum VII deeply concave n V-shape on posterior margin

Male genitalia (Fig. 104). Uncus elliptical, with sparse hairs basally, apex slightly emarginate. Culcitula present. Gnathos hook slender and long, curving upward, pointed at apex. Tegumen three times longer than uncus, medial process weakly developed, anterior margin deeply concave. Valva narrow, basal half slightly curved inward, narrowed from near base to before middle, ventral margin arched inward at basal 1/3; distal half straight, blunt at apex. Anellus lobe 1/3 length of valva, bulged basally, gradually narrowing toward pointed apex. Vinculum simple, posterior margin straight or convex. Juxta simple, with sparse hairs at middle of inner margin. Saccus short, 1/2 length of anellus lobe, blunt at apex. Aedeagus dilated basally, curved downward at distal 1/3 by a right angle, nearly straight at apex.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 122 ). Papillae anales simple. Apophyses anteriores about 1/2 length of apophyses posteriores. Tergum VIII shorter than sternum VIII, divided into two sclerites; sternum VIII with posterior margin concave, nearly V-shaped, anterior margin rounded. Ostium bursae small and rounded, opening at anterior 1/3 of sternum VIII. Antrum well-sclerotized, cylindrical. Ductus bursae narrow; ductus seminalis arising from middle. Corpus bursae rounded, slightly shorter than ductus bursae; appendix bursae present, rounded, smaller than corpus bursae; signum situated at middle, rounded and bulged inward, with minute denticles.

Diagnosis. Palumbina operaria is externally similar to P. rugosa sp. nov., but it can be distinguished by the darker color and the two Z-shaped antemedian fasciae on the forewing. The scales between two fasciae are black in P. operaria while those are much lighter, brown to dark brown in P. rugosa sp. nov. The female genitalia are characterized by the long and well sclerotized cylindrical antrum and the presence of the appendix bursae (Fig. 128). Male genitalia are somewhat similar to those of P. acuticula sp. nov. and the differences are given under the latter species.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India.

Remarks. Palumbina operaria was described from sixteen specimens. Clarke (1969) designated a lectotype and gave an illustration of the male genitalia. This species has typical characteristics of Palumbina , a lanceolate forewing, the ventral hair pencil of male labial palpus, and the tergum VIII with a pair of coremata. The COI result also supported the position of P. operaria within Palumbina and showed the close relationship with P. rugosa , although they were clustered with the low support value (58%) ( Fig. 5 ). Therefore, the new combination, P. operaria (Meyrick, 1918) comb. nov., is proposed in the present study. This species is also firstly recorded for China.

Figures

FIGURES 5. Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree for Palumbina spp. based on COI barcode sequences. Numbers above branches refer to bootstrap proportions and the numbers below refer to genetic distances among species and species-groups.

FIGURES 6̅14. Male labial palpus of Palumbina spp. 6, P.operaria (Meyrick); 7, P.macrodelta (Meyrick); 8, P. chelophora (Meyrick); 9, P. operaria (Meyrick), slide no. ZJL05451H; 10, P. sineloba sp. nov., slide no. LGE16033H; 11, P. oxyprora (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16196H; 12, P. acerosa sp. nov., slide no. ZJL05043H; 13, P. nesoclera (Meyrick), slide no. NKLGE007; 14, P. macrodelta(Meyrick), slide no. NKLGE004.(Scale bars = 2.0 mm).

FIGURES32, 33. Wing venation of male Palumbina spp.32, P.operaria (Meyrick), ♂,slide no.NKLGE003; 33, P.acuticula sp. nov., ♂,slide no. LGE16267W. (Scale bars = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES 1, 2. Distribution of Chinese Palumbina spp. 1, the guerinii-group: ●, P.oxyprora (Meyrick), ■, P. magnisigna sp. nov., the grandiunca-group:▲,P.grandiunca sp.nov., ♣,P.melanotrichasp. nov.;2, unplaced spp.: ●,P.operaria(Meyrick), ■, P.sineloba sp. nov., ▲, P.acerosa sp. nov., ♣, P.rugosa sp. nov., ♥, P.pylartis (Meyrick).

FIGURES 19-23. Male antenna of Palumbina spp. 19, P. operaria (Meyrick), slide no. ZJL05451H; 20, P. oxyprora (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16196H; 21, P. macrodelta (Meyrick), slide no. NKLGE004; 22, P. nesoclera (Meyrick), slide no. NKLGE007; 23, P.melanotricha sp. nov., slide no. LGE16342H. (Scale bars = 0.1 mm). Arrows indicate depression between flagellomeres IĪII except the arrow in 19, which indicates unseparated flagellomeres I and II.

FIGURES 40-46. Male sternum VIII of Palumbina spp. 40, P. acinacea sp. nov., slide no. LGE16321; 41, P. pylartis (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16315; 42, P. sineloba sp. nov., slide no. LGE16189; 43, P.spinevalva sp. nov., slide no. LGE16193; 44, P.triangularis sp. nov., slide no.LGE16263; 45, P.operaria (Meyrick), slide no.LGE16039; 46, P.diplobathra (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16054.(Scale bars = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES 52-57. Posterior margin of female abdomen. 52, P. guerinii (Stainton), slide no. ZMUC-NK02; 53, P. grandiunca sp. nov., slide no.LGE16044; 54, P.operaria (Meyrick), slide no.LGE16040; 55, P. rugosa sp. nov., slide no. LGE17015; 56, P. atricha sp. nov., slide no. LGE16341; 57, P.nesoclera (Meyrick), slide no.LGE16048.(Scale bars = 0.5 mm).

FIGURES81-87. Adults of Palumbina spp.81, P.acerosa sp.nov., ♂, holotype; 82, P.triangularis sp. nov., ♂,holotype; 83, P. operaria (Meyrick), ♀; 84, P. rugosa sp. nov., ♀, holotype; 85, P. acuticula sp. nov., ♂, holotype; 86, P. chelophora (Meyrick), ♂; 87, P.diplobathra (Meyrick), ♂. (Scale bars = 2.0 mm).

FIGURES 100-105. Male genitalia of Palumbina spp. 100, P. sineloba sp. nov., slide no. LGE16189, holotype; 101, P. spinevalva sp. nov., slide no. LGE16193, holotype;102, P.acerosa sp. nov., slide no. ZJL05472, holotype; 103, P.triangularis sp. nov., slide no. LGE16263, holotype; 104, P.operaria (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16039; 105, P. acuticula sp. nov., slide no. LGE17019, holotype.(Scale bars = 0.2 mm).

FIGURES 122-124. Female genitalia of Palumbina spp. 122, P. operaria (Meyrick), slide no. LGE16040, AB, appendix bursae; 123, P.rugosa sp. nov., slide no.LGE17015, paratype; 124, P.acuticula sp. nov., slide no. LGE16311, paratype, 124a, lateral view of papillae anales, slide no. LGE16312, paratype. (Scale bars = 0.4 mm).