Dysdera dushengi, Lin & Chang & Li, 2020

Lin, Yejie, Chang, Wan-Jin & Li, Shuqiang, 2020, Dysdera dushengi sp. nov., the easternmost species of the spider family Dysderidae (Arachnida: Araneae), Zoological Systematics 45 (2), pp. 97-103 : 100-102

Dysdera dushengi sp. nov. ( Figs 1–6 )

Type material. Holotype ♂ (IZCAS-Ar39719), CHINA: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, 10 km N. of Kekedala City , 44.0244°N, 81.0180°E, elev. 751 m, 06.IV.2019, Sheng Du leg. Paratypes. 1♂, 1♀ (IZCAS-Ar39720–IZCAS-Ar39721), same data as holotype .

Etymology. The species is named after Mr. Sheng Du, the collector of the holotype; noun (name) in genitive case.

Diagnosis. Dysdera dushengi sp. nov. is similar to D. pamirica Dunin, 1992 , which has been found only at the ridge of Peter the Great, Central Tajikistan (38.7833°N, 70.3000°E, see Dunin, 1992). Males of the two species are similar in: the ratio of the height of the tegulum to the height of the distal division, which is 1: 2 in lateral view, the semi-circular crest, and the posterior leaf-shaped apophysis but can be distinguished from D. pamirica by the tegulum and distal division which are in a straight line in lateral view (vs. angle between tegulum and distal division approximately 10° in D. pamirica ) and the height of the tegulum to the length of the widest part of the crest is 1:2 (vs. 1: 1 in D. pamirica ) ( Figs 2 , 4 A–B). Females have a similar dorsal arc of the anterior diverticulum but can be distinguished by the spermatheca which are not connected to the dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum (vs. connected to the dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum in D. pamirica ), and the two extremities of the dorsal arc of the posterior diverticulum are well-developed (vs. less well developed in D. pamirica ) ( Figs 3 , 4C ).

Description. Male ( Figs 1 A–B, 2, 4A–B). Total length 7.37. Carapace 3.21 long, 2.31 wide. Abdomen 4.25 long, 2.34 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AE 0.20, PLE 0.12, PME 0.12, AE–AE 0.44, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.25, AE– PLE 0.28. PLE–PLE 0.52. Chelicerae 2.00 long. Fang 1.40. Legs: I 10.25 (2.88 + 3.85 + 2.88 + 0.64), II 9.40 (2.88 + 3.21 + 2.56 + 0.75), III 6.75 (2.25 + 2.00 + 2.25 + 0.25), IV 8.38 (3.00 + 2.50 + 2.50 + 0.38). Carapace red, smooth, lighter posteriorly, with sparse setae. Clypeus dark red. Chelicerae long, red, with 1 promarginal tooth and 2 retromarginal teeth. Endites and labium red. Sternum colored as endites, with sparse setae. Legs orange. Spination of leg I: femur 3d; leg II: femur 3d; leg III: femur 11–6r, 4–0v, tibia 5–6d, 5–7p, 4v, metatarsus 5–7d, 3–2p; leg IV: femur 3d, 4–2r, tibia 7–4d, 5–4p, metatarsus 6–9d, 2p, 3–0r, 4v. Abdomen oval, dorsum pale yellow, covered with setae.

Bulb ( Figs 2 , 4 A–B) three times longer than tegulum; distal division straight in lateral view; crest semicircular, half length of tegulum; lateral sheet well-developed, with an apophysis; anterior apophysis of lateral sheet absent; AL present; posterior apophysis leaf-shaped, perpendicular to tegulum in lateral view, ratio of lateral length to length of tegulum 2: 1.

Female ( Figs 1 C–D, 3, 4C). Total length 7.69. Carapace 2.80 long, 1.92 wide. Abdomen 4.49 long, 0.96 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AE 0.16, PLE 0.12, PME 0.12, AE–AE 0.40, PME–PME 0.24, PME–PLE 0.25, AE–PLE 0.28. PLE– PLE 0.48. Chelicerae 1.25. Fang 1.17. Legs: I 7.80 (2.20 + 3.00 + 2.00 + 0.60), II 6.74 (2.19 + 2.75 + 1.20 + 0.60), III 6.00 (1.80 + 2.00 + 1.60 + 0.60), IV 6.89 (2.56 + 1.50 + 2.20 + 0.63). Spination of leg I: femur 3d, 3–0p; leg II: femur 2d; leg III: femur 3–0d, 1–0r, tibia 3r, 3–5p, 3–1d, metatarsus 3–6d, 2–3p, 4r, 1–3v; leg IV: femur 7–4r, tibia 4–5p, 3–2d, metatarsus 3– 7d, 2– 1p. Appearance as in male.

Endogyne ( Figs 3 , 4C ): Anterior spermatheca with straight lateral wings, four times wider than long, neck of spermatheca visible; dorsal arc of anterior diverticulum ladder-shaped, two times wider than long; terminus of dorsal arc of posterior diverticulum well-developed; ventral wall triangular.

Distribution. Known only from the type locality.

Life history. All specimens of the new species were collected under stones on a rocky massif.

Figures

Figure 1. Dysdera dushengi sp. nov., habitus, male holotype and female paratype. A. Male, dorsal view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Female, dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. Scale bars=1.0mm.

Figure 2. Dysdera dushengi sp. nov., bulb, male holotype. A. Retrolateral view. B. Prolateral view. Scale bars=0.1mm.

Figure 3. Dysdera dushengi sp. nov., vulva, female paratype, dorsal view. Scale bar=0.1mm.

Figure 4. Dysdera spp., outlines of bulbs and vulvae (Red line, D. dushengi sp. nov.; green line, D. pamirica, changed after Dunin, 1992). A. Bulbs, retrolateral view. B. Bulbs, prolateral view. C. Vulvae, dorsal view.

Figure 5. Collecting localities and live spiders.A–B. Kekedala City, where the spider was found under stones. C. Mating couple.

Figure 6. Distribution records of two Dysdera species.