Dasyhelea eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, 2013

DIAZ, FLORENTINA, RONDEROS, MARIA M., SPINELLI, GUSTAVO R., FERREIRA-KEPPLER, RUTH L. & TORREIAS, SHARLANE R. S., 2013, A new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazonia, Zootaxa 3686 (1), pp. 85-93 : 86-93

Dasyhelea eloyi Díaz & Ronderos sp. n.

( Figs. 1–39 )

Diagnosis. Male: only Neotropical species of the grisea group with posterolateral arms of the aedeagus subparallel and each arm with its distal portion abruptly recurved anteroventrally and a pointed tip. Female: only Neotropical species of the grisea group with the frontal sclerite trilobed and with a long and slender ventral projection. Larva: only Neotropical species of the grisea group with the palatum bearing 3 pairs of sensilla campaniformia and 3 pairs of sensilla coeloconica, and the scopae well developed. Pupa: only Neotropical species of the grisea group with the respiratory organ with 16–18 apical and 6–8 lateral pores and the ventrum of the head with one ocular sensillum.

Description. Male adult. Similar to female with usual sexual differences. Flagellum as in Fig. 1 . Palpus ( Fig. 2 ) with third segment bearing scattered sensilla; PR 3.00. Scutellum with 10 stout setae, 2 thinner ones. Wing ( Fig. 3 ) length 1.08 mm, width 0.33 mm, CR 0.42. Genitalia ( Figs. 4 , 31 ): tergite 9 rounded distally, extending to level of apex of gonocoxites; apicolateral process elongate, slender, with apical seta; cercus small, with 3–4 setae; sternite 9 ( Fig. 32 ) 0.30 X longer than greatest width, posteromedian projection rounded. Gonocoxite stout, 1.52 X longer than greatest width, with blunt anteromedian process; gonostylus 1.31 X longer than gonocoxite, wide base, curved, apex with pointed tooth. Parameres ( Fig. 33 ) asymmetrical, right one large; gonocoxal apodeme stout, curved; one not contacting, other narrowly contacting with paramere, latter elongate, slightly curved mesally, with blunt apex. Aedeagus ( Fig. 34 ) with anterior margin excavated, 0.70 X longer than greatest width, basal arch extending to 0.21 of total length; basal arms slender, directed lateral; posterolateral arms subparallel, each arm with distal portion abruptly recurved anteroventrally with pointed tip.

Female adult ( Fig. 5 ): Head dark brown. Eyes contiguous by width of 1–2 ommatidia. Flagellum ( Fig. 6 ) brown; AR 0.75–1.17 (0.87, n=5). Frontal sclerite ( Fig. 7 ) trilobed, with long, slender ventral projection. Clypeus ( Fig. 8 ) with 8 pairs of setae. Palpus ( Fig. 9 ) brown; third segment with 6–7 capitate sensillae on basal 2/3, PR 2.25–2.71 (2.48, n=5). Thorax: ( Fig. 10 ). scutum dark brown, scutellum brown, with 10–11 stout setae, 5–6 thinner ones. Legs ( Fig. 10 ) pale brown, femora, foretibia with mesal dark band, knees darkish, tarsomeres 4–5 slightly infuscated; hind tibial comb with 6 spines; prothoracic TR 2.12–2.30 (2.22, n=5), mesothoracic TR 2.17– 2.32 (2.25, n=5), metathoracic TR 2.25–2.45 (2.37, n=5). Wing ( Fig. 11 ), length 0.96–1.14 (1.05, n=5) mm, width 0.39–0.45 (0.41, n=5) mm, CR 0.47–0.51 (0.50, n=5); membrane hyaline, densely covered with macrotrichia; cubital fork at level of end of first radial cell. Halter dark brown. Abdomen: Dark brown. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 12 ) arrow-shaped, posteromedial portion broad basally, narrowed at midlength, distally broad with pointed tip; posterolateral arms stout, curved. Spermatheca round ( Fig. 12 ), strongly pigmented, diameter 6.25 µ, neck long, stout, oblique, measuring 3.75 µ.

Fourth instar larva. Head capsule pale brown, short, wide, tapering to apex ( Figs.13 , 18–21 ); chaetotaxy as in Fig. 18 ; HL 0.288 –0.348 (0.318, n=4) mm, SEM 0.260 –0.310 (0.283, n=3) mm; HW 0.204 –0.216 (0.207, n=4) mm, SEM 0.18–0.19 (0.183, n=3) mm; HR 1.50–1.73 (1.63, n=4); SGW 0.096 –0.120 (0.108, n=4) mm, SEM 0.140 (n=3) mm; SGR 1.60–1.88 (1.81, n=4). Antenna short ( Figs. 19–20 ). Labrum 1.82 times longer than wide ( Figs. 18–20 ); anterior portion of palatum ( Figs. 20–21 ) with 3 pairs of campaniformia ( Figs. 20–21 ), posterior portion with 3 pairs of sensilla coeloconica, mesal one serrate ( Figs. 19–21 ); messors ( Figs. 21–22 ) well developed, scopae ( Figs. 21–22 ) well developed with 4–6 strong, lanceolate teeth. Mandible ( Figs. 19–21 ) stout, heavily sclerotized, with 4 teeth, apical tooth more elongated, proximal tooth minute; MDL 0.034 –0.044 (0.040, n=4) mm. Maxilla ( Fig. 19 ) heavily sclerotized; galeolacinia ( Figs. 20–21 ) with long, thin seta and flaplike lobe, lacineal sclerite 1 with stout, short seta; maxillary palpus ( Figs. 19–21 ) short, button-like, with 3–4 small papillae. Hypostoma ( Figs. 13 , 19, 21 ) heavily crenulated, bearing 11–12 strong, lanceolate teeth. Epipharynx ( Figs. 13–14 ) massive, heavily sclerotized, with large, strong teeth, lateral arms stout; LAW 0.096 –0.132 (0.114, n=4) mm, DCW 0.048 –0.060 (0.054, n=4) mm. Hypopharynx ( Figs. 13–15 ) stout, heavily sclerotized, posterior comb straight with fringe, labium sclerotized. Thoracic pigmentation diffuse, pale brown. Abdominal segments whitish, with diffuse pale brown pigmentation. Caudal segment ( Figs. 23–24 ) with anterior ring of short spines, 3 pairs of short, stout, brown hooks with pointed tip, 3 pairs of elongate, slender, pale brown hooklets with recurved tip. CSL 0.396 mm, CSW 0.168 mm, CSR 2.35.

Female pupa. Total length 2.310 –2.970 (2.730, n=4) mm. General coloration of exuviae pale brown. Dorsal apotome ( Fig. 16 ) 2.50 X broader than long, apex rounded, surface covered with small rounded tubercles, anterior margin slightly concave, disc with 2 pairs of raised, wrinkled areas; dorsal apotome sensilla ( Fig. 16 ) one long, thin, located on well developed tubercle, one campaniform sensillum; posterior margin rounded with 2 stout, rounded tubercles, one subapical, other apical; DAL 0.108 –0.120 (0.114, n=2) mm; DAW 0.240 –0.300 (0.27, n=2) mm; DAW/DAL 2.22–2.50 (2.36, n=2). Cephalothorax surface with small rounded tubercles, length 1.13 (1.05 – 1.20, n=4) mm, width 0.69–0.75 (0.72, n=4) mm. Cephalothoracic sensilla as follows ( Fig. 17 ): three dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla two short setae, one campaniform sensillum; two anterolateral sensilla, one long, thin, seta, one campaniform sensillum; two anteromedial sensilla, one long, thin seta, one short seta; three dorsal sensilla, ( Fig. 35 ): D-1-T short, thin seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T peg, SA-2-T supraalar campaniform sensillum ( Fig. 35 ). Respiratory organ nearly straight, 7.66 X longer than broad, with scale-like spines, with 16–18 apical and 6–8 lateral pores; RO length 0.264 –0.288 (0.273, n=4) mm, RO width 0.036 (n=4) mm; pedicel (P) pale brown, smooth, short, pedicel length 0.012 (n=4) mm, P/RO 0.041 –0.052 (0.045, n=4) mm. Two long, thin clypeal/labrals ( Fig. 36 ); one ocular sensillum ( Fig. 36 ). Abdominal segments covered with small spinules. First abdominal segment ( Fig. 37 ) with sensilla as follows: one D-2-I peg; D-4-I, D-7-I minute setae; L-1- I, L-2-I, L-3-I short, thin setae. Second abdominal segment similar to first, except three posterior setae, two campaniform sensilla, one medium-sized, hyaline seta. Segment 4 with sensillar pattern ( Fig. 38 ) as follows: D-2- IV peg; D-4-IV, D-7-IV pore, D-8-IV medium-sized seta, all located on flattened tubercles; L-1-IV medium-sized, thin seta, L-2-IV, L-3-IV-L-4-IV short, thin setae, all located on triangular tubercles; V-5-IV long, thin seta, V-6-IV short, stout seta, both on flattened tubercles. Segment 9 0.92 X longer than width, ventral surface with many spinules; length 0.180 –0.228 (0.210, n=4) mm, width 0.180 –0.216 (0.200, n=4) mm. Terminal process triangular, divergent, tip pointed, base wide with two setae, one medium-sized, thin seta on small rounded base, other short, stout seta on rounded tubercle; length 0.036 –0.060 (0.051, n=4) mm.

Male pupa ( Fig. 25 ). Similar to male with usual sexual differences: Total length 2.16 (n=2) mm. Exuviae pale brown. Dorsal apotome ( Figs. 25–26 ) with DAL 0.120 mm; DAW 0.276 mm, DAW/DAL 2.30. Anterolateral sensilla and anteromedial sensilla as in Fig. 27 . Respiratory organ ( Figs. 25–28 ), RO length 0.276 mm, RO width 0.024; pedicel length 0.012 mm ( Fig. 28 ), P/RO 0.043. Cephalotorax ( Fig. 25 ) length 0.468 mm, width 0.276 mm. Fourth abdominal segment as in Fig. 29 . Segment 9 ( Fig. 30 ) length 0.228 mm, width 0.240 mm; terminal process length 0.048 mm.

Distribution ( Fig. 39 ): Brazil (Amazonas).

Types. Holotype male (with pupal exuviae), allotype female (with larval and pupal exuviae), Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus , 03°04'6.97'' S; 59°59'23.58'' W, 29-XII-2008, R.L. Ferreira-Keppler ( INPA) . Paratypes 1 male, 7 females, 1 larva, 3 larval exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae, as follows: same data as holotype : 2 females (one INPA, one MLP) , 1 larva ( INPA); same data except 4-IV-2011 , 2 females (with pupal exuviae) (one INPA, one MLP); same data except 10-IX-2010, 1 larval exuviae ( MLP); same data except 17-IX-2010, 1 larval exuviae ( INPA); Manaus, Campus II, 03°05'44.3'' S; 59°59'21.9'' W, 6-II-2013, Dourado- Ferreira-Keppler , 1 male ( MLP); same data except 8-II-2013 , 2 females (one INPA, one MLP); Iranduba , Ilha da Marchantaria , Lago Grande, 03°14'43.9'' S 59°58'54.2'' W, 21-III-2011, S. R.S. Torreias , 1 female (with pupal exuviae) ( MLP) .

Material examined by SEM 3 larvae, 1 male pupa. Same data as holotype, 2 larvae ( MLP), same date except 10-IX-2010, 1 larva, 1 pupa ( MLP) .

Etymology. This species is named after our friend and colleague Dr. Eloy G. Castellón Bermúdez, entomologist at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA).

Discussion. Dasyhelea eloyi belongs to the grisea group, as defined by Waugh & Wirth (1976). The group is represented in the Neotropical region by seven species: D. correntina Ronderos & Díaz , D. flavicauda Macfie , D. griseola Wirth , D. luteogrisea Wirth & Williams , D. necrophila Spinelli & Rodriguez , D. paulistana Forattini & Rabello and D. pyrsinota Macfie. Of these, D. necrophila is the most similar to the new species, differing as follows:

- Adult: the male of D. necrophila has the posterolateral arms of the aedeagus directed laterally, the apex of the gonostylus is truncate and the paramere is slightly curved.. The female differs by the frontal sclerite unilobated, with shorter triangular ventral projection, by the brownish legs with pale rings subbasally and subapically on femora, and by the subgenital plate bearing lateral projections.

- Larva: The palatum of D. necrophila bears 2 pairs of sensilla campaniformia and 2 pairs of sensilla coeloconica, the scopae are absent, the epipharynx is unarmed and the thoracic pigmentation is yellowish.

- Pupa: The pupal respiratory organ of D. necrophila has 30 apical and 4 lateral pores.

Spinelli & Rodriguez (1999), in the original description of D. necrophila , incorrectly mentioned 5 ventral posteromarginal setae (v.p.m), and Ronderos et al. (2003) also incorrectly described 5 d.p.m. and 4 v.p.m. A detailed revision of the pupa of D. necrophila during the present study reveals that the d.p.m. (currently named D- IV) and v.p.m (currently named V-IV) are represented by 3 and 2 setae, respectively.

The Nearctic species D. pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth is also similar to D. eloyi , but the posterior margin of male sternite 9 is straight to slightly concave, the posterolateral arms of the aedeagus each bears a small, narrow and mesally curved projection, the female frontal sclerite is elliptical, the halter is yellow with the base of the knob dark, and the apex of the subgenital plate is blunt and more slender. The description of the pupa of this species is poor and incomplete, and therefore, it is not presently possible to properly compare it with D. eloyi .

Figures

FIGURE 39. Distribution map and collecting sites.

FIGURES 1–17. Dasyhela eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, new species, 1–4 adult male, 5–12 adult female, 13–15 larva, 16–17 pupa female; 1, flagellomeres; 2, palpus; 3, wing; 4, genitalia (ventral view); 5, adult female; 6, flagellomeres; 7, frontal sclerite; 8, clypeus; 9, palpus; 10 thorax and legs; 11, wing; 12, subgenital plate and spermatheca (ventral view); 13, head larva (ventral view); 14, epipharynx; 15, hypopharynx; 16, dorsal apotome; 17, cephalothoracic sensilla. Anterolateral sensilla (AL-1-T, AL- 2-T); anteromedial sensilla (AM-1-T, AM-2-T); dorsal apotomal sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (DL-1-H, DL-2-H, DL-3-H); epipharynx (epy); hypopharynx (hyp); hypostoma (HY);

FIGURES 18–24. Dasyhela eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, new species, larva, 18, head capsule (chaetotaxy, lateral view); 19, head capsule (laterofrontal view); 20, head capsule (palatum, frontal view); 21, detail of palatum (frontal view); 22, detail of messors and scopae; 23, caudal segment; 24, details of hooks. Head capsule chaetotaxy: o, parahypostomal setae; p, posterior perifrontal setae; q, postfrontal setae; s, anterior perifrontal setae; t, prefrontal setae; u, mesolateral setae; v, posterolateral setae; w, anterolateral setae; x, parantennal setae; y, ventral setae. antenna (AN); collar (CO); galeolacinia (GL); hypostoma (HY); hooks (H); hooklets (Hts); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite 1 (LC1); lacinial sclerite 2 (LC2); mandible (MD); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); messors (MS); palatum (PL); sensilla coeloconica (Sco); sensilla campaniformia (Sca); scopae (SC).

FIGURES 25–30. Dasyhela eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, new species, male pupa, 25, entire pupa (dorsal view); 26, dorsal apotome (anterodorsal portion of thorax); 27, cephalothoracic sensilla; 28, respiratory organ; 29, chaetotaxy of segment 4 of abdomen; 30, segment 9. Antenna (AN); anterolateral sensilla (AL-1-T, AL-2-T); anteromedial sensilla (AM-1-T, AM-2-T); cephalothorax (CT); dorsal apotome (DA); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H); dorsal sensilla of segment 4 (D-2-IV, D-4-IV, D- 7-IV, D-8-IV); genital lobe (GL); lateral sensilla of segment 4 (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV); pedicel (P); respiratory organ (RO); terminal processes (TP).

FIGURES 31–38. Dasyhela eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, new species. 31–34 adult male, 35–38 pupa female; 31, genitalia; 32, sternite 9; 33, parameres; 34, aedeagus; 35, dorsals sensilla; 36, clypeal/labral sensilla; 37, chaetotaxy of abdominal segment 1; 38 chaetotaxy of segment 4 of abdomen. Clypeal/labrals sensilla (CL-1-H, CL-2-H); dorsals sensilla (D-1-T, D-3-T, D-5-T); dorsal sensilla of first abdominal segment (D-2-I,, D-4-I, D-7-I); lateral sensilla of first abdominal segment (L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3- I); dorsal sensilla of segment 4 (D-2-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV); lateral sensilla of segment 4 (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4- IV); ocular sensilla (O-1-H); supralar sensillum (SA-2-T); ventral sensilla of segment 4 (V-5-IV, V-6-IV).