Novius cardinalis (Mulsant)

Pang, Hong, Tang, Xue-Fei, Booth, Roger G., Vandenberg, Natalia, Forrester, Juanita, Mchugh, Joseph & Ślipiński, Adam, 2020, Revision Of The Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Genus Novius Mulsant Of Tribe Noviini, Annales Zoologici 70 (1), pp. 1-24 : 6-8

Novius cardinalis (Mulsant)

( Figs 1–5 , 12–18 , 46, 47 , 72–75 , 89 , 94 , 95 , 108–111 )

Vedalia cardinalis Mulsant 1850: 906 . TL: Australia.

Novius cardinalis: Crotch, 1874: 283 .

Eurodolia cardinalis: Weise, 1895: 150 .

Rodolia cardinalis: Weise, 1905: 220 ; Weise, 1916: 50 ( Macronovius group); Korschefsky, 1931: 99; Sasaji, 1971: 238; Gordon, 1972: 25; Gordon, 1985: 666; Gordon, 1990: 291; Ren et al., 2009: 160; Ślipiński, 2007: 143.

Rodolia aegyptiaca Sicard, 1907: 67 ; Korschefsky, 1931: 99.

Macronovius cardinalis: Weise, 1922: 104 .

Macronovius cardinalis ab. obnubilatus Weise, 1922: 104; Korschefsky, 1931: 98.

Diagnosis. Typical color forms of Novius cardinalis are easily distinguished, especially from superficially similar N. bellus due to the color pattern with red elytra, each having two transverse to oblique blotches in addition to the black sutural stripe. Rare atypical forms can be distinguished by the stout penis guide of the male genitalia.

Description. Length 2.7–4.2 mm. Body oval, widest near middle, 1.1–1.3 times longer than wide. Color pattern variable. Head uniformly dark, pronotum dark with anterior part reddish. Elytra of typical form red with black medially expanded, sutural stripe and two transverse to oblique irregular spots on each elytron. Melanic forms rare, with black spots on elytra expanding and coalescing to a large degree ( Figs 1, 2 , 46, 47 , 72–75 , 89). Interocular distance in frontal view 2.0–2.3 times eye width. Male genitalia ( Figs 12–17 , 108–111 ): parameres slender, narrow at base, expanded apically; penis guide stout, broad at base, strongly narrowed

apically (in lateral view), about as long as or slightly longer than parameres, apically pointed. Penis weakly pointed apically. Female genitalia as in Figs 94, 95 .

Type material. “Nouvelle Hollande ” (collect. Hope) ( OUM).

Other specimens examined. Australian Capital Territory: CSIRO, Canberra , 15-18.xii.1980, R. D. Pope (10, BMNH) ; Uriarra , 6.xii.1980, R. D. Pope (1, BMNH) ; Deakin , 22-23.xi.1980, R. D. Pope (1, BMNH) ; CSIRO, Canberra, 23.xii.1080, R. D. Pope (2, BMNH) ; Honeysuckle Ck. T.S., old quarry (1100m), 2.iii.1986, C. Reid, on Euc. & Acacia (1, ANIC) ; Kangaroo Creek , 8.iii.1972, S. Misko, R. Kohout (1, ANIC) ; 35.16S, 149.06E, Black Mt , 600m, xii.1987, M.E. Irwin, ex Malaise trap, ANIC (1, ANIC) ; 35.34S 148.47E, Mt. Gingera , 15.xii.1987, A.A. Calder, foliage of Euc. pauciflora (1, ANIC) ; Canberra , 14.vii.1964, G.S. Snoball, Ex Canberra accession, ex Bermada (14, ANIC) ; Black Mt. A.C. T., 1.3.30, A. Tonnoir (2, ANIC). Tasmania: Hobart, J.J. Waiker (1, BMNH) ; Tasmania (2, BMNH) ; Launceston (2, ANIC) ; Tasmania (1, ANIC). New South Wales: Sydney, C. Darwin, 87-42 (2, BMNH) ; Jervis Bay , xi.1924, F.A. Rodway (1, BMNH) ; N. Sydney, G.E. Bryant , xii.1908 (1, BMNH) ; Blue Mts., G.E. Bryant. xii.1908 (1, BMNH) ; Tuglo Res., 151.’6’E -32.’4’S, 30.xi- 1.xii.80, R. D. Pope (2, BMNH) ; J.C. Goudie, Sydney, Lea (1, VM) ; Exeter , i.1935, H.J. Carter (1, ANIC) ; Blue Mts, E.W. Ferguson Collection (5, ANIC) ; Sydney, E.W. Ferguson Collection (1, ANIC) ; 2 mi. S. of Myrtle Ck., Braemor Forest, Casino-Grafton Rd. , 34.325S 149.52E, 8.xi.1969, S. Misko (1, ANIC) ; Kosciuszko, 17-11-38, A.L. Tonnolr (1, ANIC) ; Badgery’s Lookout, nr. Tallong , 27.ii.1969, Britton, Upton, Misko (1, ANIC) ; Sydney , 22.iii.1927, Nicholson (4, ANIC) ; 2km S. of Tallong , 18.ii.1974, S. Misko (1, ANIC) ; c. 1km N. of Binalong, 12.xi.73, S. Misko (1, ANIC) ; Cattle Creek Rd. SW of Captains Flat NSW, 26.xii.1976, W. Allen (1, ANIC) ; 105km SW. of Nowta on Nerriga-Nowta Rd. , 19.i.1971, woodlands, S. Misko & K. Pullen (1, ANIC) ; Sydney, W.W. Froggatt (2, ANIC) ; N.E. University, Armidale, 1.ii.1967, C.W. Frazier. ANIC Uni. of New England Coll., Donated 1983 (3, ANIC) ; Wauchope, (31.27S 152.44E), 72km W. on Oxley Highway, 4.1.70, wet sclerophyll, at light, Britton, Holloway, Misko (1, ANIC) ; 36.125S 148.43E, Dainer Gap , NSW, 6.ii.1974, P. Morrow, ANIC (1, ANIC) ; 28.29S 152.24E, Tooloom Plateau , 14km W Urbenville, 14.ii.1984, NSW, I.D. Naumann (1, ANIC) ; 35.30S 150.18E, Kioloa SF 15km NE Batemans Bay, ix.1986, M.G. Robinson, flight interc. trap (1, ANIC) ; 35.30S 150.18E, Kioloa SF 15km NE Batemans Bay, viii.1986, M.G. Robinson, flight interc. trap (1, ANIC) ; 36.12S 148.43E, Dainers Gap , NSW., 6.iii.1974, P. Moorow (2, ANIC) ; R. Bogan, J. Amstrong (1, ANIC) ; 35.30S 150.18E, Kioloa SF 15km NE Batemans Bay, Jan. 87, M.G. Robinson, flight interc. trap (1, ANIC) ; 28.29S 152.24E, Tooloom Plateau , 14km W Urbenville, 14.ii.1984, I.D. Naumann (1, ANIC) ; Sydney , 14.viii. 1964, R. G. Lukins, Ex Canberra accession, ex Bermada (16, ANIC) ; Biocon, Sydney, ii.1965, V. S. Wright, Ex materials from L.H. I. on 30.i.1965 (9, ANIC) ; Mt. Tomah, Blue Mts. , 2/32. J. Amstrong (1, ANIC) ; The Kurrajong Blue Mts, J. Amstrong (1, ANIC) ; The Flags 30m S. of Walcha , 27.i.1963, C.W. Frazier (1, ANIC) ; A. Dyce, 20.5.49, Leeton (1, ANIC) ; The Kurrajong Blue Mts, J. Amstrong (1, ANIC). South Australia: C E Cole, Hobart, 4317/3, 4317/4 (2, VM). Western Australia: Kalamunda , SW Australia, 14.iii-14.iv.1914, R.E. Turn- er, 1914-349 (1, BMNH) ; Yanchep, 32mls. N. of Perth , 20-31.xii.1935, R. E. Turner (1, BMNH) ; nr Busselton , 14.iii.1981, R. D. Pope (1, BMNH) ; H.J. Carter Coll. P.20 4.22. (1, VM) ; Perth, E. T. Smith (2, VM) ; Katanning , 11.x.1951, I.F.B. Common (1, ANIC) ; Stirling Ra. NP. by S. R. Caravan Pk., 30.xii.1985, C. Reid, on Euc. wandoo (1, ANIC) ; 45km E Geraldton, 20-23.viii.1987, C. Reid, ex Acacia (1, ANIC). Victoria: Diamond Creek , 18& 21.i.81, R. D. Pope (1, BMNH) ; J.E. Dixon (12, VM) ; Melbourne , 16.i.1928, G.F. Hill (1, VM) ; Baxter, J.E. Dixon (5, VM) ; 12 Mi. W. of Neerim , 30.xii.1964, Neboiss (1, VM) ; Carrum, V 29.12.30, C. Oke (1, VM) ; Western District, J.E. Dixon (1, VM) ; Bogong Plains , 5699-6000 ft., i.1928, F.E. Wilson, (1, VM) ; Stoney Creak, 14.ii,1973, Locality VB (1, VM) ; Mooroopna. 19.xii.1937, A.D. Butcher (1, VM) ; Melbourne, P.E. Wilson. F.E. (1, VM) ; Grampians , 10.vi.1975, S. Neser (1, ANIC). Queensland: Lamington NP, ii.1983, M. Lowman (1, ANIC) ; Indooroopilly , xii.1994, Lab bred: fed on Icerya aegyptiaca (3, ANIC). Northern Territory: 23.37S 133.54E, 10km N by E of Alice Spring, 6. xi.1979, T. Weir (2, ANIC) ; 23.38S 133.52E, 7km N by W of Alice Spring , 8. xi.1979, T. Weir, (1, ANIC). Norfolk Islands: Norfolk Is. 29.05S 167.59E, 15. i.1992, D.P. A, Sands (1, BMNH) .

Distribution. Originally Australian, but due to its introduction as a biocontrol agent, this species is now cosmopolitan ( Fig. 18 ).

Figures

Figures 1–5. Novius cardinalis (Mulsant): (1–2) adults feeding on scales of the genus Icerya. A. © CSIRO; (3) head, dorsal; (4) head ventral and prosternum; (5) protibia and tarsus.

Figures 12–18. Novius cardinalis (Mulsant): (12) penis; (13, 14) variation of apical sclerite of penis; (15) tegmen lateral; (16, 17) tegmen inner; (18) distribution in Australia.

Figures 39–68. Australian Novius species, dorsal view: (39–44) N. bellus; (45) N. bellus, lectotype; (46) N. cardinalis; (47) Vedalia cardinalis, type; (48–51) N. koebelei; (52–55) N. limbatus; (56) N. limbatus, lectotype; (57) N. simplicipennis, lectotype; (58) N. discoidalis, lectotype; (59) N. tripustulus, lectotype; (60–61) N. lindi; (63) N. lindi, lectotype; (64) N. ruber, lectotype; (65–67) N. sanguinolentus; (68) N. sanguinolentus, holotype.

Figures 69–87. Australian Novius species, anterior view: (69–71) N. bellus; (72–75) N. cardinalis; (76–80) N. koebelei; (81, 82) N. lindi; (83) N. koebelei; (84–87) N. sanguinolentus.

Figures 88–99. Australian Novius species, (88–91) postcoxal line, (92–99) female genitalia: (88) N. bellus; (89) N. cardinalis; (90) N. koebelei; (91) N. saguinolentus; (92, 93) N. bellus; (94, 95) N. cardinalis; (96–99) N. koebelei.

Figures 100–121. Australian Novius species, male genitalia: (100–103) N. bellus; (104–107) N. immaculatus Blackburn, type; (108–111) N. cardinalis; (112–115) N. koebelei; (116–118) N. tridens Lea, type; (119–121) N. limbatus Blackburn, type.