Oreobates discoidalis, (PERACCA, 1895), 2008
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00372.x |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF8790-FFC3-FFA3-765E-7222FE46FCFA |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Oreobates discoidalis |
| status |
comb. nov. |
OREOBATES DISCOIDALIS ( PERACCA, 1895) View in CoL
COMB. NOV.
Hylodes discoidalis Peracca, 1895
Eleutherodactylus discoidalis View in CoL – Stejneger (1904) ( Figs 3D, 6E–F View Figure 6 )
Hylodes discoidalis Peracca, 1895: 24 . Lectotype: MZUT An GoogleMaps 427.1. Type locality: ‘ Tucumán ( Argentina)’ ( Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ), coordinates approx. 26°50′S, 65°13′W.
Lynch (1989) redescribed this species based on type material, but neither Peracca (1895) nor Lynch designated one of the syntypes as a lectotype. Lynch’s (1989) redescription is based on the syntypes BM 1947.2.15.63–65 and several syntypes deposited in the MZUT, Torino, Italy. The lectotype was designated by Gavetti & Andreone (1993) from the MZUT series. Although they mention that the lectotype was in a good state of preservation, the plate provided evidence that the specimen was not very well preserved. Moreover, the description of the lectotype is rather incomplete (for example it does not include data on skin texture, tubercles on plantar surfaces, or the degree of development of finger and toe tips). The BM series that we studied is better preserved and, in order to avoid future misidentification, we herein describe the best-preserved specimen of this series (BM 1947.2.15.63) ( Fig. 6E, F View Figure 6 ), which is in general very similar to the lectotype.
Diagnosis: a medium-sized Oreobates (SVL of adults, 25.6–39.7 mm) characterized as follows: (1) skin of dorsum finely shagreened or smooth, with low warts; posterior surfaces of limbs smooth; discoidal fold present; no dorsolateral folds; large postrictal glands; (2) tympanic membrane and annulus distinct, its length longer than half of the eye length; supratympanic fold prominent; (3) head longer than wide; snout long, subacuminate in dorsal view, round in lateral profile; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view, sharp in profile; (4) cranial crests absent; eyelid tubercles absent; (5) dentigerous process of vomers medial to choanae; (6) males with vocal slits; nuptial pads absent; (7) hands with long and slender fingers, first finger longer than second; subarticular tubercles large, prominent, conical; supernumerary tubercles large, conical, smaller than subarticular tubercles; terminal tips of fingers III and IV truncate or ovate, enlarged, circumferential grooves weak or absent, ungual flap not indented; lateral fringes and keels on fingers absent; (8) ulnar tubercles absent; (9) no tubercles on heel or tarsus; (10) inner metatarsal tubercle ovate, prominent; outer metatarsal tubercle smaller, round, prominent; supernumerary tubercles inconspicuous; (11) toes long and slender (foot length 40–60% of SVL, see Table 3), lateral fringes absent, webbing present, rudimentary; (12) axillary, sacral, and inguinal glands present; (13) dorsal coloration pale brown, greyish brown, reddish brown, or dark brown with cream flecks, sometimes with W-shaped occipital and/or middorsal X-shaped dark marks; belly cream with brown mottling or reticulations on anterior margin.
Oreobates discoidalis View in CoL can be distinguished from O. choristolemma View in CoL , O. cruralis View in CoL , O. granulosus View in CoL , O. lehri View in CoL , O. madidi View in CoL , O. quixensis View in CoL , O. sanctaecrucis View in CoL , O. sanderi View in CoL , O. saxatilis View in CoL , O. simmonsi View in CoL , and O. zongoensis View in CoL by having dorsal skin smooth to finely shagreened, and enlarged and ovate finger tips on fingers III and IV. These two characters are shared with O. heterodactylus View in CoL and O. ibischi View in CoL . Nevertheless, O. heterodactylus View in CoL exhibits a pattern of dorsal coloration consisting of arrow-shaped and X-shaped dark dorsal marks, and it occurs on the Brazilian Shield; O. ibischi View in CoL has moderately enlarged and truncate finger tips, low warts on dorsal skin, and head wider than long. These three species can be further distinguished by differences in advertisement calls (see Padial & De la Riva, 2005; Padial et al., 2008).
Description of BM 1947.2.15.63: An adult female (SVL, 39.9 mm), with head slightly longer than wide; snout subacuminate in dorsal view and round in lateral profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, orientated dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view, sharp in frontal profile; loreal region flat; lips not flared; upper eyelid without tubercles or warts; no cranial crests. Supratympanic fold prominent; tympanic membrane and annulus distinct; tympanic membrane large, round, longer than half of the eye length; two postrictal glands on each side of the head. Choanae not concealed by palatal shelf of the maxillary arch when roof of mouth is viewed from below; choanae large, round, lateral, separated by distance equal to seven times the diameter of a choana; dentigerous process of vomers ovate, medial to choanae, slightly separated from each other, but far from choanae. Skin texture of dorsal surfaces smooth to finely shagreened; ventral surfaces smooth; no occipital or dorsolateral folds; discoidal fold conspicuous.
Ulnar tubercles absent; palmar tubercle round, flat, prominent; thenar tubercle ovate, prominent, twothirds of the size of palmar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles large, conical, prominent, smaller than subarticular tubercles; subarticular tubercles large, prominent, conical; tips of fingers I and II round, not enlarged, and those of fingers III and IV very large and truncate; lateral fringes absent; relative length of fingers: II <I ³ IV <III.
Toes moderately long (foot ³ 50% of SVL); heel and tarsus lacking tubercles or folds; inner metatarsal tubercle ovate, prominent, slightly larger than outer metatarsal tubercle; outer metatarsal tubercle large, round, conical; three inconspicuous supernumerary tubercles, small, round; subarticular tubercles prominent, conical; toes with faint basal membrane between toes II and III; toes I, II and V with rounded, not expanded, tips; toes III and IV with slightly enlarged and truncate tips; ungual flap not indented; relative length of toes I <II <V <III <IV; toes III and V reaching penultimate subarticular tubercle of toe IV.
Colour in preservative: Dorsal surfaces reddish brown, with many irregular dark and light (cream, grey, and brown) marks. Tympanic fold almost black; subocular bars dark brown; flanks as dorsum, but with a dark brown, irregular, oblique wide band posterior to the arm insertion; ventrally cream, with intense reddish brown mottling on throat, chest, anterior margin of belly, and proximate surfaces of flanks.
Measurements of BM 1947.2.15.63: SVL, 39.1 mm; HL, 13.3 mm; HW, 13.0 mm; EL, 5.0 mm; EN, 4.7 mm; IND, 3.1 mm; EE, 6.4 mm; TYH, 2.9 mm; TYL, 2.9 mm; FA, 8.7 mm; TL, 18.3 mm; TH, 17.5 mm; FL, 17.9 mm.
Remarks: In the label of the jar containing O. discoidalis specimens catalogued as BM 98.7.7.1920 there is a hand-written note with the word ‘Types’. Nevertheless, these specimens are not types. They were collected by Dr Borelli at San Lorenzo, Province Jujuy, Argentina, and were probably sent to the BM by Peracca with the types [ Peracca (1895, 1897) studied Borelli’s collections]. San Lorenzo is also the locality of the two syntypes catalogued as NMW 16510 ( Häupl, Tiedeman & Grillitsch, 1994). The locality ‘Tucumán’ of the lectotype designated by Gavetti & Andreone (1993) is quite ambiguous, as it may refer to Province Tucumán or to San Miguel de Tucumán (popularly known as Tucumán). We suspect that these specimens may originate from near the town of San Miguel de Tucumán, probably from the Sierra de San Javier, as do the paralectotypes BM 1947.2.15.63–65. The specimen KU 182814 (see Harvey & Keck 1995: fig. 3) that was reported as O. cruralis is in fact an adult female of O. discoidalis . Cei (1980) provided a basic but accurate description of this species and an inaccurate illustration of the plantar surfaces. He also provides an illustration of the pectoral girdle. Padial et al. (2008) first described the advertisement call. Alcaide de Pucci, De Mopty & Terán (1992), and De Mopty, Terán & Alcaide de Pucci (1992) provided information about the lingual structures in relation to feeding habits. Lavilla & Cei (2001) consider this species as a poorly known taxon.
Distribution: In Argentina, O. discoidalis occurs in subtropical forest from Province Jujuy to Province Tucumán ( Cei, 1980). De la Riva et al. (2000) and Köhler (2000) cite this species for Tucumanian- Bolivian montane forests and cloud forests from southern Bolivia (Department Tarija) to cloud forests of Parque Nacional Amboro (Department Santa Cruz) in central Bolivia ( Figs 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 ).
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