Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) coloanensis, Fernandez, Julio C. C., Cárdenas, César A., Bravo, Alejandro, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2016

Fernandez, Julio C. C., Cárdenas, César A., Bravo, Alejandro, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2016, Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus, Zootaxa 4092 (1) : 79-82

Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) coloanensis sp. nov.

( Tab. 2 ; Figs 8–9 )

Holotype. IZUA–POR 168, Bahia Nash, Isla Santa Inés, Francisco Coloane Marine Protected Area, Magellan Strait, Chile (53°41’S / 72°20’W), 20 m depth, coll. C.A. Cárdenas, May 2007. Fragment from holotype deposited under MNRJ 17608.

Diagnosis. Globular Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) composed of a dense mass of juxtaposed slender hollow tubes (ca. 0.5 mm in diameter each), which may anastomose; terminally microspined tylotes (150–198/4–5), acanthostyles (I. 190–300/7.2–9, II. 84 –115/6–8), and arcuate isochelae (I. 26 –31.2, II. 19–22).

Description. Globular ( Figs 8 A–B), 4 cm in diameter x 3 cm high; hispid surface ( Fig. 8 C); body made up of a dense mass of juxtaposed small slender hollow tubes (ca. 0.5 mm in diameter each ‘fiber’), which may anastomose ( Fig. 8 B); larger, simple openings (possibly oscula, up to 0.3 cm in diameter) are spread at the surface; colour in life beige, and in ethanol, lighter or darker beige; consistency rather compressible and delicate; rough texture.

Skeleton. Sub-anisotropic reticulation ( Fig. 9 A) of larger acanthostyles forming ascending pauci- to multispicular tracts (up to seven spicules across) in the choanosome, reaching the surface and piercing it by up to 200 µm. These acanthostyles also constitute secondary orthogonal tracts, one spicule long, and up to three in thickness ( Fig. 9 B). Spongin in fibres is not apparent. These ascending spicule tracts can inter-cross or anastomose in the inner parts of the sponge, but are free from each other near the surface. Smaller acanthostyles echinate the main choanosomal tracts and the nodes of the reticulation. Tylotes are strewn at the surface, also tangentially ( Fig. 9 C). Two kinds of arcuate isochelae occur throughout the choanosome and ectosome, the smaller category being the most abundant. Large choanosomal cavities are present, round or more elongated in section, up to 2000 µm long.

Spicules. Megascleres ( Tab. 2 ): Tylotes ( Figs 9 D–E), straight, microspined at both ends , sometimes slightly aniso-tylote; tyles only slightly swollen and elongated, 150– 187. 2 (14) –198/4– 4.7 (0.5)–5. Acanthostyles I ( Figs 9 F–G), straight to slightly curved, stout and somewhat fusiform; base slightly constricted, frequently bearing a subtle neck and discreet tyle, sometimes only irregularly round; apex sharpening gradually; spines (not abundant), up to 1.2 µm high, straight, concentrated on the basal portion of the spicule, a few spicules (variably thick) bear much less if any spines at all, 190– 267.5 (34.3) –300/7.2– 8 (0.6) –9. Acanthostyles II ( Figs 9 H–I), frequently straight, base swollen (up to 3 µm thicker than the shaft); gradually sharpening apex; abundant spines up to 3 µm high, straight, spread all over the spicule, 84– 100 (10) –115/6– 7. 5 (0.6) –8. Microscleres ( Tab. 2 ): Arcuate isochelae I ( Fig. 9 J), shaft curved, smooth, relatively thick; alae small but slightly elongated, young forms slender with markedly reduced alae, 25– 29. 3 (2) –31. Arcuate isochelae II ( Fig. 9 K), same as the preceding one, but smaller, 19– 19.7 (0.9) –22. The Sturges algorithm confirmed the occurrence of two size classes of isochelae.

Ecology. The sponge was growing on rocky substrate, over tubes of the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus , and next to Tedania sp. ( Tedaniidae ) and another unidentified haplosclerid sponge.

Distribution. Provisionally endemic from its type locality at Isla Santa Inés (Magellan Strait, Chile).

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the new species’ occurrence in Chile’s Francisco Coloane Marine Protected Area.

Remarks. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) coloanensis sp. nov. is distinguished from Lissodendoryx (E.) spp. occurring in the SE Pacific, additional allied biogeographic provinces, as well as L. (E.) ballena sp. nov., due to its two categories of arcuate isochelae combined with terminally microspined tylotes ( Tab. 2 ). The spicule set of L. (E.) coloanensis sp. nov. is rather similar to that of L. (E.) corrugata sp. nov. ( Fig. 9 and Fig. 7 , respectively). Nevertheless, the former can be distinguished by its shorter and more slender acanthostyles ( Tab. 2 ), besides a relatively distinct outer morphology and consistency ( Fig. 8 e Figs 4–5 , respectively).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov., habit. A – B, holotype (IZUA-POR 167): A, complete specimen in situ overgrowing polychaete tubes; B, detail of surface with oscule. Scales: A = 1 cm; B = 0.5

FIGURE 5. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov., habit. A – B, holotype (IZUA – POR 167): A, complete specimen overgrowing polychaete tubes; B, detail of surface. C – D, Paratype (MNRJ 17398): C, complete specimen attached to a coral fragment; D, detail of surface. Scales: A, C = 1 cm; B, D = 0.1 cm.

FIGURE 7. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov., electron micrographs of spicules. A – H, holotype (IZUA – POR 167): A, ectosomal tylotes; B, detail of extremities of tylotes; C, acanthostyles I; D, detail of base of acanthostyles I; E, acanthostyles II; F, detail of base of acanthostyles II; G, arcuate isochelae I; H, arcuate isochelae II. I – P, paratype (MNRJ 17398): I, ectosomal tylotes; J, detail of extremities of the tylotes; K, acanthostyles I; L, detail of base of acanthostyles I; M, acanthostyles II; N, detail of base of acanthostyles II; O, arcuate isochelae I; P, arcuate isochelae II. Scales: A, C, E, I, K, M = 50 µm; B, J = 5 µm; D, F – G, H, L, N – P = 10 µm.

FIGURE 8. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) coloanensis sp. nov., habit. A – D, holotype (IZUA – POR 168): A, view from top showing oscula scattered on surface; B, side view of holotype; C, detail of hispid surface; D, detail of surface in preserved specimen showing openings of abundant tubes overgrown by sponge. Scales: A – B = 1 cm; C – D = 0.1 cm.

FIGURE 9. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) coloanensis sp. nov., skeleton and spicules. A – C, skeletal architecture of holotype (IZUA – POR 168): A transverse section; B, reticulation over internal tubiform structures; C, surface with acanthostyles I piercing ectosome, and scattered tylotes, su. = surface. D – K, electron micrographs of spicules: A, ectosomal tylotes; E, detail of extremities of tylotes; F, acanthostyles I; G, detail of bases of acanthostyles I; H, acanthostyles II; I, detail of bases of acanthostyles II; J, arcuate isochelae I; K, arcuate isochelae II. Scales: A = 500 µm; B – C = 100 µm; D, F, H = 50 µm; E, G, I = 5 µm; J – K = 10 µm.