Menonvillea linearis de Candolle (1821b: 420)

Salariato, Diego L., Zuloaga, Fernando O. & Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A., 2014, A revision of the genus Menonvillea (Cremolobeae, Brassicaceae), Phytotaxa 162 (5), pp. 241-298 : 275-277

15. Menonvillea linearis de Candolle (1821b: 420) . Type :— CHILE. Without locality, J . Dombey s.n. (holotype P!; isotype F 894736 !) .

Dispeltophorus crassifolius Lehmann (1832: 7) . Type:— CHILE. Type specimen not found .

Menonvillea robustula Steudel (1856: 411) . Type :— CHILE. [Región de Valparaíso]. Prov. Valparaíso, August 1830, C. Bertero 1145 (holotype P!; isotypes G!, GH!, K!, LE!, NY, P!, S!).

Menonvillea trifida Steudel (1841: 125) . Type:— CHILE. [Región del Libertador General O'Higgin]. Cachapul, in monte la Leona Rancagua, October 1828, C. Bertero 426 (holotype P!) .

Menonvillea trifida Philippi (1856a: 610) , non Steudel (1841: 125). Menonvillea linearis DC. var. trifida Reiche (1895: 83) . Type:— CHILE. [Región Metropolitana]. Prov. Santiago, Cordillera de la Compania, November 1853, F. Germain s.n. (holotype SGO 63979!).

Menonvillea virgata Philippi (1856b: 671) . Menonvillea linearis DC. var. virgata (Phil.) Reiche (1895: 83) . Type:— CHILE. [Región de Valparaíso], Algarrobo, October 1856, F. Germain s.n. (holotype SGO 63974!). [Mixed labels: Luis Landbeck, Cord. de Colchagua, 1860; R. A. Philippi, San Vicente pr. Concepción, Dic. 1894; see Al-Shehbaz et al. (2011)].

Perennials with deep roots and woody, branched caudices. Stems (13−)20−45(−60) cm, erect, 1 to several from base, generally branched, glabrous throughout or rarely sparsely pubescent with simple, flat, slender trichomes to 0.5 mm long. Basal leaves subsessile, with a slender petiole; blade filiform, linear, to narrowly spatulate, undivided or trifid at apex, subfleshy, (1.5−)3.5−9(−10) cm × (0.3−)0.5−2(−6) mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, base attenuate, margin entire; cauline leaves narrower, 2−5 cm long. Racemes terminal or axillary, ebracteate, corymbose, elongated considerably in fruit, 4.5−15 mm long; rachis glabrous or sparsely pubescent, straight in fruit; fruiting pedicels ascending, straight or rarely arcuate, 1.5−4(−6) mm long, sparsely pubescent with crisped simple trichomes. Sepals narrowly oblong, (3.5−)4.5−7.5 × 1−1.5 mm, glabrous, erect, strongly saccate at base, caducous, margin membranous; petals yellow, linear to narrowly spatulate, 8−11(−13) × 1−1.5 mm, base attenuate, papillate on claw; stamens tetradynamous; filaments free, erect, minutely papillate and not dilated at base, 4−6(−7) mm long; anthers oblong, 1−1.5 mm long, sagittate at base; nectar glands confluent, flat, petaloid. Fruits ovoid, somewhat appressed to rachis; valves 2-winged, (3.5−)4−5(−6) × 3.5−4(−4.5) mm, deeply notched basally, slightly emarginate apically, with well-developed callus at center of dorsal side, with or without clavate papillae between callus and wing, sometimes papillate ventrally; wings 0.5−1(−1.2) mm wide, undulate; gynophore 0.8−1.5(−2) mm long; style 1−2(−2.8) mm long; stigma 2-lobed, slightly decurrent. Seeds ovate, 1.5−2 × 1.3−1.6 mm, wingless, plump; cotyledons incumbent. Fig. 17 .

Distribution and habitat:— Menonvillea linearis is endemic to Chilean regions IV (Coquimbo), V (Valparaíso), Metropolitana de Santiago, VI (Libertador O'Higgins), VII (Maule), VIII (Biobío), and XIV (Los Ríos). It grows at elevations between sea level and 800 m to as high as 2300 m ( Fig. 13E ).

Phenology:— Flowers mainly from September to November, sometimes from December to February.

Taxonomic notes:— Menonvillea linearis is most variable in basal leaf morphology and shows two predominant types: entire and filiform to linear or broadly trifid to 3-lobed. Rollins (1955) argued that these leaf types do not represent natural populations, a position with which we agree because the variation does not correlate with geography or other characters. Therefore, the species cannot be divided into infraspecific taxa.

The presence of a small dorsal wing, as in Moreira & Pliscoff 1373 (SGO), is rather rare in this species.

When J.G.C. Lehmann (1832) described Dispeltophorus crassifolius , the only reference given to type material was “Hab. in Chili ”. His original herbarium is preserved in the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm (S) and the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne (MEL) but no type is there. According to Nordenstam (1980), the Cruciferae from Lehmann's herbarium was sold to private collectors (unspecified) and therefore type of the above name has not yet been found.

Representative Specimens:— CHILE. IV Coquimbo: Prov. Choapa , Com. Los Vilos, Los Vilos, 1 February 1894, without collector ( SGO 72704) ; Prov. Limarí, Com. Ovalle, La Calera, 1 October 1936, Schlegel 53 ( CONC) . V Valparaíso: Prov. Marga Marga, Com. Quilpué, Cerro del Roble , Punta Imán, 11 January 1932, Garaventa 2392 ( BAA, CONC) ; Prov. Petorca, Com. La Ligua, Fundo Las Palmas, 13 October 1963, Zöllner 249 ( CONC) ; Prov. San Antonio, Com. Algarrobo, Playa Mirasol, 19 September 1958, Kausel 4422 ( SGO) ; Prov. Valparaíso, Com. Valparaíso, Quebrada "El Cricket", 4 November 1931, Garaventa 2393 ( BAA, CONC, SI) , 19 September 1965 Garaventa 8014 ( BAA, CONC, SI) ; Punta Caraumilla, 7 January 2011, Moreira & Pliscoff 1373 ( SGO) . Región Metropolitana de Santiago: Prov. Melipilla, Com. Curacaví, Los Perales, February 1882, Herbarium Salesianum "Camilo Ortuzar Montt" 1705 ( CONC) . VI Libertador O´Higgins: Prov. Cardenal Caro, Com. Pichilemu, Cahuil , November 1878, Philippi s.n. ( SGO 49150) ; Prov. Colchagua, Com. San Fernando, Cerro Centinela, October 1936, Montero 770 ( CONC) . VII Maule, Prov. Cauquenes, Com. Cauquenes, Subestación experimental Cauquenes, INIA, November 1979, Avendaño 72 ( SGO) , Prov. Linares, Com. Retiro, Villaseca, Cerro alto de Caliboro, 12 October 1955, Aravena N13 ( SI) . VIII Bíobio: Prov. Concepción , Com. San Pedro de la Paz, San Pedro, sobre las lomas al sur de la Laguna Chica, 10 December 1946, Pfister s.n. ( CONC 7110 ) ; Prov. Ñuble, Com. Ránquil, Fundo El Milagro, 17 November 1953, Sparre 10059 ( CONC) . XIV Los Ríos: Prov. Valdivia, Com. Valdivia , Valdivia, en las colinas, October 1958, Bailey s.n. ( SGO 132748 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 13. Distribution of species of Menonvillea sect. Menonvillea. A, M. chilensis. B, M. constitutionis. C, M. filifolia. D, M. flexuosa. E, M. linearis. F. M. litoralis. G. M. marticorenae. H, M. minima. I, M. orbiculata. J, M. pinnatifida. K, M. purpurea.

FIGURE 17. Menonvillea linearis DC. A, plant. B, flower. C, sepal. D, petal. E, stamen. F, nectar glands, stamens and ovary. G, immature fruit, dorsal view. H, fruit mericarp, dorsal view. I, fruit mericarp, ventral view. From Sparre 10059 (CONC). Scale bars: A = 1 cm; B = 5 mm; C–I = 1 mm.