Dexia fulvifera Röder, 1893

Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi & Chen, Xiao-Lin, 2010, A review of the genus Dexia Meigen in the Palearctic and Oriental Regions (Diptera: Tachinidae) 2705, Zootaxa 2705, pp. 1-81 : 36-40

Dexia fulvifera Röder, 1893

Figs. 41−44

Dexia fulvifera Röder, 1893: 235 . — Wulp 1896: 138 (catalog). — Crosskey 1976: 178 (catalog). — Crosskey 1977: 602 (catalog). — Mesnil 1980: 51 (redescription). — Dear & Crosskey 1982: 115 (key). — Herting 1984: 143 (catalog).

— Herting & Dely-Draskovits 1993: 366 (catalog). — Richter 2004: 355 (key). — Zhang & Shima 2004: 54. —

Zhang et al. 2004: 128. — Zhang et al. 2005: 304. — Hao et al. 2008: 99. — O’Hara et al. 2009: 28 (catalog). Dexia fuscicostalis Wulp, 1896: 139 . — Crosskey 1976: 178 (as syn. of D. fulvifera ). Calotheresia sumatrensis Townsend, 1926a: 29 . — Baranov 1932: 214. — Crosskey, 1969: 92 (paralectotype discus-

sion). — Sabrosky & Crosskey 1969: 36. Calotheresia formosensis Townsend, 1927: 284 . — Baranov 1932: 214. — Crosskey 1976: 179 (as syn. of D. fulvifera ). Calotheresia bivittata Townsend, 1928: 380 . — Baranov, 1932: 214. — Crosskey 1976: 179 (as syn. of D. fulvifera ). Dexia (Dexillosa) amurensis Kolomiets, 1970: 73 . — Mesnil 1980: 51 (as syn. of D. fulvifera ). Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis of Crosskey, 1976: 178 (as syn. of D. fulvifera ), not Townsend, 1926 misidentification.

Diagnosis. Prementum 3−4 times as long as wide; 2 katepisternal setae; costal spine subequal in length to crossvein r-m or more; wing strongly tinged with yellow on base, brown on anterior and median portion; femora dark; syntergite 1+2 with 1 pair of median marginal setae.

Description. Mesnil (1980) redescribed this species in detail. Here we briefly add some characters.

Body length. 12.0−15.0 mm.

Male. Frons 0.13−0.17 times as wide as head width; gena 0.38−0.39 times as wide as eye height. Inner vertical seta 0.29−0.33 times as long as eye height, shorter than ocellar seta, 1.5−2 times as long as outer vertical seta. 1st flagellomere 3−4 times as long as pedicel; total width of arista including plumosity 3−4 times as wide as 1st flagellomere. Prementum 3−4 times as long as wide; palpus 3/8 eye height. Thorax with dense grayish yellow pruinosity and 2 pairs of longitudinal black vittae, an inner vitta 1/2−1/4 as wide as pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae. Scutellum with yellowish pruinosity except black base. 2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 katepisternal setae; proepisternum bare. Wing hyaline, strongly tinged with yellow on base, brown on anterior and median portion; tegula and basicosta brownish black; calypter yellow. Costal spine subequal in length to crossvein r-m or slightly longer; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1:2:1; vein M from dm-cu crossvein to its bend 2.2−4.0 times distance between the bend and wing margin. Lower calypter with short fringe. Legs brownish black, tibiae yellow, apex of femora brownish yellow ventrally. Mid tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Abdomen reddish yellow in ground color, black on mid-dorsal longitudinal portion and posterior margin of tergites; tergites 3 and 4 with pale yellowish pruinosity on anterior 1/2−1/5; tergite 5 mostly with gray pruinosity. Syntergite 1+2 with 1 pair of median marginal and 1 lateral marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 pairs of median discal, 1 pair of median marginal and 1 lateral marginal seta; tergite 4 with 2 pairs of median discal and a row of marginal setae; tergite 5 with irregularly set discal and a row of median marginal setae. Male terminalia. Cerci slender on apical 1/ 2; surstylus black, slender, apex pointed and bent outward and backward; postgonite about as long as flattened basiphallus.

Female. Smaller than male. Frons 0.31−0.34 times as wide as head width; gena 0.5−0.54 times as wide as eye height; inner vertical seta about 0.6 times as long as eye height, twice as long as outer vertical seta; 6−8 inclinate frontal setae; 2 proclinate orbital setae stronger than frontal seta; 1 outwardly directed prevertical seta about as long as ocellar seta; palpus subequal in length to 1st flagellomere. Dark outer thoracic vitta 4−5 times as wide as inner vitta; anterior and median portion of wing dark brown; claw of fore leg about 1/2 length of tarsomere 5. Abdomen ovate, orange brown, broadly blackish on mid longitudinal portion of tergites 3 and 4, and posterior 1/3−2/5 of tergite 3 and 1/2 of tergites 4 and 5, with rather dense yellowish white pruinosity on anterior 1/5−1/4 of tergite 3, 1/3−3/5 of tergites 4 and 5; syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae, tergites 3 to 5 without discal seta. Other characters as in male.

Type material examined. Holotype male of Calotheresia bivittata Townsend , PHILIPPINES. Surigao, Mindanao, Baker ( USNM). 5 male and 6 female syntypes of Calotheresia formosensis Townsend , CHINA. Taiwan, Chiai Hsien, Suisharyo [= Shuisheliao], x.1911, Pingtung Hsien, Kankau (Koshun), near Hengchun [= Changkou], vii.1912, Nantou Hsien, Toa Tsui Kutsu [= Chitou], v.1914, H. Sauter ( DEI) . Paralectotype female of Calotheresia sumatrensis Townsend (by designation of Crosskey 1969: 92), Gunung Singgalang (= Sumatra’s Westkust), 1800 m, 1925, E. Jacobson ( ZMUA) .

Additional material examined. CHINA. Anhui: 1 male, 2 females, Huang Shan, 21.viii.1964, G.-T. Jin ( SEMC) . Beijing: 6 males, Pinggu, Beizhai, 21.vi.1949 . 1 female, Changping, Heishanzhai, 5.ix.2006, L.

Zheng. Hebei: 1 male, Beidaihe, 27.viii.1984, F.-S. Li ( CAU). Fujian: 1 male, 1 female, Sidu, Yueting, 8.v.1958. 1 male, Ninghua, 24.v.1955, G.-T. Jin, X. Lin. 4 males, Jianning, 1−2.vi.1959, G.-T. Jin. 6 males, Daan, Chongan, 22−26.vi.1959, G.-T. Jin. 6 males, Xing villege, Chongan, 3−4.vi.1960, G.-T. Jin, X. Lin. 1 male, Changkeng, Jianyang, 7.vii.1960, G.-T. Jin ( SEMC). Guangdong: 3 males, 2 females, Heishiding, Fengkai, 10.ix.1985, 5.vii.1986, L. Li, X. Yu and X. Wu ( SYU). 2 males, 2 females, Shipai, Guangzhou, iii.1953 and V.1957, G. Liu. 1 female, Liuxihe, 300−500 m, Conghua, Guangzhou, 6.vi.2004, C.-T. Zhang. 1 male, Mt. Bijia, Qingxin, 23.x.1004, C.-T. Zhang ( SNU). Guangxi: 1 male, Piaoli-Sanmen, 3.vi.1963, J.-K. Yang ( CAU). 1 female, Niuhanling, 1255m, Jinxiu, 13.ix.1981, G.-T. Jin, X. Lin ( SEMC). Liaoning: 1 male, Pingshan, Benxi, 24.vi.1957, W.-Q. Xue. 5 males, 1 female, Shuangshuidong, Shajianzi, Huanren, 17−19.ix.1974, W.-Q. Xue. 1 male, Mt. Tiecha, 900 m, Nandian, Benxi, 10.ix.1980, W.-Q. Xue. Shaanxi: 3 males, 3 females, Taibai Shan, 9−16.vi.1989, M.-F. Wang ( SNU). 1 male, Hua Shan, Qingping, 7.viii.1978, G.-T. Jin. Sichuan: 1 female, S. Ya’an, 29.vi.2006, Y. Feng ( SNU). 1 male, Bchluhdin, 1000 ft, D.C. Graham ( USNM). Taiwan: 32 males, 1 female, Kenting park, Ping Tang, Hsien, 10−15.vi.1970, K. Nishida & H. Kurahashi. 1 male, Chipen, Taitung, Hsien, 15.xi.1985, K. Kanmiy. 1 female, Antung, Hualine hsien, 12.x.1985, K. Kanmiya. 1 female, Janai (Mushia) Mantou Hsien, 28.ix.1965, K. Kaneko ( BLKU). Koshun, 1 male, 1909, 1 male, 1912, H. Sauter. 2 females, Taihcrinsho, xi.1909, H. Sauter. 1 female, Toa Tsui Kutsu, H. Sauter, v.1914. 1 male, Kao Hsiung Co., 10−11 km NE Chiahsien, ca 300 m, forest, 3−8.vii.1980, D.R. Davis ( USNM). Xizang: 1 male, Yigong, 2300 m, 30.vii.1978, F.-S. Li ( CAU). 2 males, Métong, 24.v.1980, G.-T. Jin ( SEMC). Yunnan: 2 males, Dagaoping, 1600 m, Simao, 7−9.ix.1996, H. Shima. 1 male, Nanping, 1600 m, Simao, 12.viii.1990, H. Shima. 1 male, Simao, 31.vii.1990, S. Lin ( BLKU). 1 male, Nanxi, 300 m, Hekou, 5.vi.1956, Bangfeilov. 1 male, Xiaomengyang, 1850 m, Xishuangbanna, 28.vi.1953, L. Zhang ( IZCAS). 1 female, Heilongtan, 2100 m, Kunming, 5.viii.1993, H.-W. Chen. 1 male, Gaoligong Shan, 2400 m, Pianma, Lushui, 22.vi.2010, Y.-Y. Zhou. 2 males, same locality as previous, 2200−2800 m, 13.viii.2010, C.-T. Zhang ( SNU). Zhejiang: 1 male, Tianmu Shan, Linan, 16.ix.1947. 1 male, same locality as previous, 14.v.1963, G.-T. Jin ( SEMC). 1 male, 1 female, same locality as previous, 10.xii.1990, X. Gao ( SNU). JAPAN. Okinawa: 2 males, Ryukyu Syonehara, Ishikakijima, 9.iv.1996, T. Tachi. 1 male, Iriomote I., Tyaeyama-gun, 24.x.2001, M. Yago. 1 male, Kurokawa, Echigo, 7.viii.1954, K. Baba. 1 male, same locality as previous, 10.v.1991, Kazuo Miyoshi. 5 males, 1 female, Ryukyus, Omoto dake, 5 and 9.iv.1996, T. Tachi. Same locality as previous, 1 female, 2.xii.1993, Matsumoto; 2 males, 2−7.vii.1998, M. Sueyoshi. 2 males, Banna park, Ishikakijiam, 8.iv.1996, Matsumoto. 1 male, Nagamagawa, Iriomote I., 29.iii.2002, K. Odagiri leg. 5 males, Ryukyu, Iriomote I., Mt. Ushika, 100−300 m, Shiranama, 3−7, 10−14.xi.1963, S.A. Samuelson ( BLKU). LAOS. 1 male, Vientiane Prov., Ban Vah Eue, 31.vii.1965, native collecter ( BPBM). MALAYSIA. 1 female, Muara Mongkos, 100 km NE, Kuching, Boreno, Sarawak, 25−27.xi.1975, H. Shima ( BLKU). NEPAL. 3 males, Kahre, 1745 m, Syauli Bazai, 1195 m, 29.vii.1990, S. Shinonaga & K. Kanmiya. 6 males, Syauli bazar, 1195 m, Gandlung, 1995 m, 30.vii.1990, S. Shinonaga and K. Kanmiya. 1 male, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki, 1540−2760 m, 6−7.viii.1992, H. Kurahashi. 1 male, 1 female, Gokarna, Kathmandu valley, 2−7.viii.1992, R. Kano. 1 male, Solukhumbu, Chumoa–Lakla, 2715−2800 m, 3.viii.1992, H. Shima. 1 male, Solu Khunbu, Bhandar-sete, 1540−2574 m, 26.viii.1992, M.M. Singh. 1 male, Kharru Pokhari, Taplelung, 3000 m, 17.vii.1963, T. Yasuda. 1 male, 1 female, Godavari, Kathumandu, 1600−2000 m, 5.vi.1972 and 17.viii.1972, H. Nakihara, Kyushu Univ. col. 1 male, Shawa, 2300 m, Papun, 2100 m, 10.vi.1972, Kyushu Univ. col. 4 males, Takara, 1500 m−Lelep, 1700 m, E. Nepal, viii.1972, H. Shima. 1 male, Kathmandu, 1300 m, Water supply, 23.viii.1987, H. Kurahashi. 1 female, Godayara, Konakhola, 30.viii.1987, E. Sugiyama. 1 female, Godawari, 1500 m, Kathmandu, 30.x.1992, M. Iwasa. 1 male, Solu-khumbu, Bandarsete, 2150−2575 m, 26.vi.1992, H. Shima. 1 male, 1 female, Bansbari, Godavari, 1400 m, in Kathmandu, 4.vii.1964, 31.viii.1988, T. Inaoka, R. Kano. 1 female, Bagmati Kathmandu, 1300 m, town, 28.ix.1990, H. Kurahashi. 1 male, Gandaki Kashi, Chomrong–Ghandruk, 1970−2050 m, 14.x.1990, H. Kurahashi ( BLKU). PAKISTAN. 1 male, Swat Kalam, 1800 m, village, 9.viii.1987, H. Kurahashi. 1 male, Shangle Pass, 2000 m, 8.viii.1988, S. Shinonaga. 1 male, 1 female, NWF Prov., 1700 m, Shangula Pass, 9.viii.1988. 1 female, NWF Prov., Miandam, 1300 m, 4.viii.1988, H. Kurahashi ( BLKU). PHILIPPINES. 1 male, Baguio Abatan, 13.vi.1964, H.M. Torrevillas ( BPBM). SRI LANKA. 1 male, Hatton, 70 km E. of Avissawella, 24.ix.1987, H. Kurahashi. 7 males, 2 females, Mt. Pidurutalagala, 2524 m, 25.ix.1987, H. Kurahashi. 4 males, 3 females, Nuwara Eliya, Mt. Piddlugala, 25.ix.1987, M. Iwasa. 1 female, Wellawaya, 26.vii.1989, H. Kurahashi. 4 males, Nuwara Eliya to Patipola, 26.ix.1987, M. Iwasa. 1 female, Nuwara Eliya town, 2000 m, 27−28.ix.1987, H. Kurahashi. 1 male, Nuwara cow farm, 27.ix.1987, M. Iwasa ( BLKU). 1 male, Kandy Rose Nith Est., 31.x.1966, J.F.G. Clarke, Theima M. Clarke. NE Dist., Kanda–ela Reservoir, 5.6 ml, SW, Nuware Eliya, 6200 ft. 1 male, 10−21.ii.1970, Davis & Rowe, 1 male, 14.iii.1973, Baumann & Cross. 2 males, NE Dist., World End, 6800 ft. Horton Plains, 21.ii.1970, Davis & Rowe. 1 female, Mt. Pidurutalagala, 1 mi N. Nuwara Eliya, 7500−8200 ft, 14.ii.1970, Davis & Rowe. 1 female, NE Dist., Adams Peak Trail, 4−5 mi W. Maskeliya, 1610−1690 m, 20−21.x.1977, W. Maskeliya. 1 male, Botanic garden, 23−25.ii.1977, K.V. Krombein. 2 males, Kan Dist. Udawattakele Sanct, 1800 ft, 1−2.ix.1980, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijessinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane. 1 male, 3 females, NE. Dist. Hakgaka Sanctuary, 23−24.iv.1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge, W.N. Mathis, L. Jayawickrema. 1 male, Gal Dist., Kanneliya, Sinharaja Jungle, 24−26.i.1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge. 4 males, Nuwara Eliya, 6000 ft, 26.ix.1980, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijessinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane ( USNM).

Distribution. China (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Hongkong, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India, Indonesia (Borneo, Java), Japan (Ryukyus), Laos, Malaysia (Pen. Malaysia, Sarawak), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines (Mindanao), Russia (S. Far East). Sri Lanka.

Remarks. We did not see the type specimen of this species (type not located in Humboldt University Museum by Crosskey 1976: 178) and follow Mesnil (1980) on the identification of the species. Crosskey (1969: 92, 1976: 179) considered Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis Townsend as a male of Calotheresia sumatrensis Townsend , described from females only, and treated both as junior synonyms of this species, but we consider the former as a distinct species and redescribe it below. This species is widely distributed in the Palearctic and Oriental Regions. It appears to be close to the Oriental D. sumatrensis , but differs from it by shorter prementum, narrower frons, and longer costal spine. The specimens from Sri Lanka are rather different from specimens from other areas, having darker and more grayish body color and longer legs, but are here tentatively treated as the same species.