Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913

Makarkin, Vladimir N., Archibald, S. Bruce & Mathewes, Rolf W., 2021, New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks, Zootaxa 4980 (1), pp. 142-156 : 143-144

Subfamily Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913

Type genus. Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 (= Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908 ).

Emended diagnosis (based on wings). Wings may be distinguished from those of other subfamilies of Osmylidae by a combination of the following.

Forewing: Subcostal veinlets almost always simple (very rarely some forked) [ Osmylinae : mostly forked]; trichosors along almost entire wing margin [ Gumillinae : restricted to apical region]; one subcostal crossvein, positioned basally [Porisminae: numerous along entire subcostal space]; all or nearly all crossveins in radial space forming three to four gradate series (except some Lysmus ) [all or nearly all crossveins ( Gumillinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae ) or proximal crossveins (other subfamilies) irregularly arranged]; M forked at level or only slightly proximad termination of A1 [ Osmylinae , Kempyninae : much distad; Stenosmylinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae : much proximad]; between CuA, CuP ≤ 5 crossveins (up to 8 in some Lysmus ) [ Spilosmylinae : about 10 or more]; CuA pectinate, with 2–6 branches; CuP with 3–7 pectinate branches (up to 9 in some Lysmus ) [ Spilosmylinae : 8–15].

Hind wing: MP lacks anteriorly directed basal spur-like process [ Spilosmylinae : present]; CuP relatively short, shallowly (not pectinately) branched or simple [ Kempyninae , Osmylinae , Stenosmylinae , Porisminae, Eidoporisminae : long, pectinately branched].

Genera included. Ten genera: † Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 (Early to Late Jurassic, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia), sit. nov.; † Juraheterosmylus Wang et al., 2010 (late Middle / early Late Jurassic, China); † Jurosmylus Makarkin & Archibald, 2005 (Late Jurassic, Kazakhstan); † Protosmylina Jepson et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous, England); † Osmylidia (= Protosmylus, Priabonian, Baltic amber, syn. nov.), and † Pseudosmylidia Makarkin, 2017 (Priabonian, North America and Europe); Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913 , Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 , and Lysmus Navás, 1911 (extant, all southeastern Asia); Paryphosmylus Krüger, 1913 (extant, Ecuador).

Remarks. The venation of some species of Lysmus is very similar to that of the Spilosmylinae , e.g., L. harmandinus Navás, 1910 (see Makarkin 1985: Fig. 3 ; Winterton et al. 2019: Fig. 34). Moreover, this genus had long been considered a member of the Spilosmylinae . Lysmus , however, lacks an important synapomorphy of Spilosmylinae , the presence of an anteriorly directed basal spur-like process in the hind wing MP. Also, the male genitalia of Lysmus are typical for Protosmylinae (see Wang 2010).

According to Article 40.1 of ICZN, a family-group name is not replaced with a new family-group name when the name of its type genus is considered to be a junior synonym of another genus. Hence, Protosmylinae retains this name following designation of Protosmylus as a junior synonym of Osmylidia .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Osmylidia taliae sp. nov., holotype UCM 67996 from the Green River Formation. A, photograph of the part; B, drawing of forewing venation; C, drawing of hind wing venation. Posterior branch of MA in red. Scale bar = 5 mm (all to scale).