Tolteca oaxaca Huber, 2023
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2023.880.2173 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3F806FD6-2EB3-456A-AFD7-780A0FBEB2DA |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160875 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/85F8D1C1-9EC5-407C-A507-90D0270F18A9 |
taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:85F8D1C1-9EC5-407C-A507-90D0270F18A9 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Tolteca oaxaca Huber |
status |
sp. nov. |
Tolteca oaxaca Huber sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:85F8D1C1-9EC5-407C-A507-90D0270F18A9
Figs 36K–L View Fig , 50–54 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig , 55G–H View Fig
Pholcophora hesperia Gertsch, 1982: 102 (specimens from Oaxaca only; see Remarks under T. hesperia ).
Tolteca hesperia View in CoL – Huber 2000: 118 (part; see Remarks under T. hesperia View in CoL ), figs 75, 126, 448–453, 455–457 (not fig. 454).
Diagnosis
Distinguished from known congeners by the combination of: male genital bulb without dorsal ridge (unlike T. jalisco ); procursus tip gradually narrowing ( Fig. 51C View Fig ; unlike T. hesperia and T. sinnombre sp. nov.); male cheliceral apophyses close together ( Fig. 51A View Fig ; distance between tips ~40 µm, i.e., closer together than in T. manzanillo sp. nov. and T. sinnombre ), in lateral view very small and with small angle against distal-frontal face of chelicera ( Fig. 51B View Fig ; unlike T. hesperia ; not checked in T. jalisco ); main epigynal plate crescent-shaped ( Fig. 52A, C View Fig ; rather than band-like as in T. hesperia and T. jalisco ); sacs in female internal genitalia tiny, only ~9–13 µm long ( Fig. 55G–H View Fig ; smaller than in all known congeners).
Etymology
The species name is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.
Type material
Holotype MEXICO – Oaxaca • ♂; ~ 3 km N of San Pedro Totolapa ; 16.6976° N, 96.3180° W; 1100 m a.s.l.; 26 Oct. 2019; B.A. Huber and A. Valdez-Mondragón leg.; LATLAX. GoogleMaps
Paratypes MEXICO – Oaxaca • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; ZFMK Ar 23961 GoogleMaps .
Other material examined
MEXICO – Oaxaca • 19 ♀♀, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for holotype; four prosomata used for molecular work, two females used for SEM, two cleared abdomens transferred to ZFMK Ar 23961; ZFMK Mex 362 GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; partly used for karyotype analyses; ZFMK 23962 About ZFMK GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; partly used for µ-CT study; ZFMK 23963 About ZFMK GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ abdomens; ~ 17 km NW of Tehuantepec ; 16.3919° N, 95.3865° W; 165 m a.s.l.; 27 Oct. 2019; B.A. Huber and A. Valdez-Mondragón leg.; ZFMK Ar 23964 GoogleMaps • 4 ♀♀, 4 juvs, in pure ethanol; same collection data as for preceding; two female abdomens transferred to ZFMK Ar 23964; ZFMK Mex 368 GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; partly used for karyotype analyses; ZFMK 23965 About ZFMK GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; partly used for µ-CT study; ZFMK 23966 About ZFMK GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀, 2 juvs (subadult males); same collection data as for preceding; LATLAX GoogleMaps .
Description
Male (holotype)
MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.13, carapace width 0.47. Distance PME-PME 45 µm; diameter PME 45 µm; distance PME-ALE 15 µm; distance AME-AME 10 µm; diameter AME 30 µm. Leg 1: 2.07 (0.55 + 0.17 + 0.52 + 0.53 + 0.30), tibia 2: 0.42, tibia 3: 0.38, tibia 4: 0.65; tibia 1 L/d: 9; diameters of leg femora 0.11, of leg tibiae 0.06.
COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs monochromous ochre-yellow; abdomen slightly darker ochre-grey, also monochromous.
BODY ( Fig. 36K View Fig ). Ocular area barely raised. Carapace without thoracic groove. Clypeus unmodified, short (clypeus rim to ALE: 130 µm). Sternum wider than long (0.35/0.30), almost round (i.e., not heart-shaped), with pair of small but distinct anterior processes (~50 µm diameter at basis, ~50 µm long) near coxae 1. Abdomen globular.
CHELICERAE ( Fig. 51A–B View Fig ). With pair of frontal apophyses pointing downwards, distance between tips of apophyses: 50 µm; without stridulatory files.
PALPS ( Fig. 50 View Fig ). Coxa unmodified; trochanter without process; femur proximally without process, distally widened but simple, slightly curved towards dorsal; femur-patella joints not (or barely) shifted to one side; tibia very short, with two trichobothria; tibia-tarsus joints not shifted to one side; procursus very simple ( Fig. 51C View Fig ), with distal ventral process; genital bulb as in Fig. 51D–F View Fig , in light microscope possibly indistinguishable from congeners.
LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs; with slightly increased density of short vertical hairs on tibia 1 (barely visible in dissecting microscope); retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 59%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with six pseudosegments, all fairly distinct.
Variation (male)
Tibia 1 in seven newly collected males (incl. holotype): 0.48–0.58 (mean 0.53).
Female
In general, similar to male ( Fig. 36L View Fig ) but sternum without pair of anterior humps, tibia 1 without increased density of short vertical hairs. Total body length: ~1.20; tibia 1 in 21 newly collected females: 0.47–0.56 (mean 0.51). Epigynum ( Figs 52 View Fig , 54A View Fig ) short crescent-shaped anterior plate slightly protruding in lateral view; posterior plate short and wide, very indistinct, barely visible. With distinct knob between epigynum and pedicel ( Fig. 54B View Fig ). Internal genitalia ( Fig. 53 View Fig ) with pair of strong transversal sclerites, with very short sacs ( Fig. 55G–H View Fig ), without (or with very small?) pore plates.
Distribution
Apparently widely distributed in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico ( Fig. 35 View Fig ). We have not restudied Gertsch’s (1982) and Huber’s (2000) specimens but consider all their records of Pholcophora / Tolteca hesperia from Oaxaca to represent this species.
Natural history
At the type locality, a dry hill with a sparse and low tree cover ( Fig. 56C View Fig ), the spiders were found in high densities in the thin layer of leaf litter and among small pebbles on the ground ( Fig. 56D View Fig ). Within ~1.5 h, ~30 individuals were seen within an area of ~ 4 m 2. In slightly more humid (shaded) areas on the same hill, two other species of Pholcidae were found ( Modisimus sp. ; Physocyclus paredesi Valdez-Mondragón, 2010 ). At the second locality, a slightly higher and denser roadside forest, Tolteca was also collected at a rather dry spot with a thin layer of leaf litter, while more humid areas contained other Pholcidae genera ( Modisimus sp. ; Physocyclus paredesi ; Anopsicus sp. ; Psilochorus sp. ).
ZFMK |
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Ninetinae |
Genus |
Tolteca oaxaca Huber
Huber, Bernhard A., Meng, Guanliang, Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Král, Jiří, Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. & Carvalho, Leonardo S. 2023 |
Huber B. A. 2000: 118 |
Pholcophora hesperia
Gertsch W. J. 1982: 102 |